Objective To study the protective earth requirement for touched metal parts of medical electrical equipment to improve the manufacturer's understanding on national standards.Methods The isolation methods for the touched metal parts in national standards were studied,and the principle of protective earth combined with insulation separating was analyzed.The characteristics of the second isolation method was discussed,and the respiratory system structure and electroshock protection of the anaesthetic machine were taken as examples.Results The touched metal parts with no measures for grounding,double isolation or reinforced insulation was determined by structure detection to meet the requirements of national standards in case basic insulation ceased to be effective and the parts were uncharged.Conclusion The necessities to girt the touched metal parts with measures for grounding,double isolation or reinforced insulation should depend on the understanding on national standards and electrical construction of the equipment under test by structure detection.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the ethanol extract and active parts from the roots of Atalantia buxifolia on chronic bronchitis (CB) and their mechanism. Methods: The rat model of CB was established with smoking method of sulfur dioxide, ethanol extract and active parts from the roots of A. buxifolia were ig administrated, the pathological changes of lung tissue in rats were analyzed, and the level changes of interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined by ELISA method. Results: The administration of ethanol extract and n-butanol extract could improve the tiredness and weakness of CB rats, reduced food intake, and body weight without increasing status, decrease the degree of infiltration, epithelial cell shedding, bronchial secretion, inhibit the proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells of the rat bronchial inflammatory cells, and make the bronchial diameter increases and ventilation. The low dose of the ethanol extract and n-butanol extract could significantly inhibit the increase of TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-4 in the lung tissue of rats with CB in the homogenate, compared with the model group with the statistical significance (P<0.05), but compared with the positive group without significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: The alcoholic extract and n-butanol extract in the roots of A. buxifolia have the better treatment effect on CB, which may be related to the balance of cytokine production related.

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnoses of somatic diseases of inpatients with psychosis and hospitalized more then 2 years.MethodsThe material of all 350 inpatients were investigated and analyzed.ResultsThe first three psychiatric diagnoses were schizophrenia (61.32%), Alzheimer's disease (15.26%), mood disorder (4.74%). The first three diagnoses of accompanying somatic diseases were heart disease (8.68%), diabetes mellitus (8.42%), and hypertension (4.47%).ConclusionWith the changes of social environment, the disease pedigree of inpatients with psychosis changes, senile patients become more and more, and the incidence of concurrent somatic diseases gradually increases.

Objective To investigate the relationship between various clinicopatholngic factors and prognosis of early gastric cancer. Methods The clinical data of 459 patients with early gastric cancer who had undergone gastrectomy combined with extended (D2) lymphadenectomy at Zhongshan Hospital from January 2002 to October 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and clinicopathologic factors such as age, sex, tumor size, gross morphology, tumor differentiation, depth of invasion, lymphatic vessels involvement and lymph node metastasis were analyzed using the Cox regression model. Univariate analysis was done by Log-rank test. Results Univariate analysis demonstrated that tumor size and differentiation, depth of invasion, lymphatic vessels involvement and lymph node metastasis significantly affected survival in patients with early gastric cancer (χ~2 = 8.476, 6.210, 4.014, 14. 197, 55.027, P < 0.05). The status of lymph node metastasis was an independent predictor of survival in patients with early gastric cancer, and the more metastatic lymph nodes detected, the greater the influence on the prognosis. Conclusions Lymph node metastasis is the most important factor influencing the prognosis of early gastric cancer. Appropriate lymph node dissection is necessary, especially for patients with risk factors associated with lymph node metastasis.

Objective To explore the effects of H2S on cerebral injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and its mechanism.Methods Forty-five healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly (random number) divided into shame-operated group ( group A,n =5 ),resuscitation group ( group B,further divided into four subgroups as per rats sacrificed 6 h,12 h,24 h,and 72 h after resuscitation,n =5),and NaHS pretreatment group ( group C,further divided into 4 subgroups as done in group B).The ratio of water content in brain tissue was calculated.The content of H2S in cerebral cortex of rats in all groups was determined by using universal microplate reader. Immunohistochemistry method was used to count the Nestin-positive cells. Results The content of H2S in hippocampus area of brain showed dramatic changes from rising up at first and then to lowering down to the minimum and finally returning to the original level in 72 h in B group.Compare to group B,brain water content was lesser ( P ＜0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ) and the levels of Nestin in hippocampus increased in group C(P＜0.05 or P ＜0.01).The neurological deficit score (NDS) was improved (P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01) and pathological changes in hippocampus of rat brain detected by using hemotoxylin - eosin staining were slighter in group C in comparison with group B.Conclusions Endogenous H2S may involve in the course of formation and progress of cerebral injury after CPR and small dose of NaHS (exogenous H2S) can improve NDS by decreasing cerebral edema and up-regulating Nestin level in hippocampus of brain,playing a protection role in cerebral injury after CPR.

Objective To explore the influence of montelukast on plasma nitric oxide in preschool children with asthma.Methods Forty-four preschool children with asthma aged 2-5 years who firstly met a criterion of asthma and treated 4 weeks with montelukast were investigated;and nitric oxide levels of plasma were inspected respectively before treatment and after treatment 1 week,4 weeks.Results The level of nitric oxide in the plasma of asthmatic children was obviously higher than that in normal control group(P

Infestation, moldy and other phenomenon in the processing and storage of Chinese herbal medicines is a problem that faced in the production of Chinese traditional medicine. The low productivity of traditional processing methods can not guarantee the quality of Chinese herbal medicines. Sulfur fumigation is the first choice of grassroots to process the Chinese herbal medicine with its low cost and easy operation. Sulfur fumigation can solve some problems in the processing and storage of Chinese herbal medicines, but modern pharmacological studies show that long-term use of Chinese traditional medicine which is fumigated by sulfur can cause some serious harm to human liver, kidney and other organs. This paper conducts a review about the application history of sulfur fumigation, its influence to the quality of Chinese herbal medicines as well as domestic and foreign limits to sulfur quantity, and a brief introduction of the status of modern processing technologies in the processing of food and some Chinese herbal medicines, the problems ex- isting in the Chinese herbal medicines processing, which can provide a reference basis for the further research, development and application of investigating alternative technologies of sulfur fumigation.
Fumigation ; adverse effects ; methods ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Quality Control ; Social Control, Formal ; Sulfur ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

Adult ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Esophagus ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Stents ; Stomach ; surgery ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula ; surgery

The chemical structures of P1 A was identified by complete acid hydrolysis, partial acid hydrolysis, periodate oxidation-Smith degradation, methylation analysis, IR and NMR. The results showed that P1 A had a backbone consisting rhamnose, mannose, glucose and galactose. The side chain possessed arabinose and xylose. 1-->, 1-->6 and non-reducing terminal linkages existed in polysaccharide P1A, but there are doubling amount of 1-->2 and 1-->4 linkages. Oxidable linkage of P1 A accounted for 45%, and inoxidable linkage of P1A accounted for 55%. Mannose, glucose and galactose were mainly linked by 1-->2 linkage. Rhamnose, arabinose and xylose were mainly linked by 1-->2 and 1-->4 linkages. PlA contained beta-Glc(1,6)-,beta-Gal(1,3)-,beta-Man(1,4)-beta-Rha,-Glc(1,4)-, Glc(1)-,-Gal(1,4)- and Man(1)-.
Acanthaceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Molecular Weight ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) reference standards plays an important role in the quality control of Chinese herbal pieces. This paper overviewed the development of TCM reference standards. By analyzing the 2010 edition of Chinese pharmacopoeia, the application of TCM reference standards in the quality control of Chinese herbal pieces was summarized, and the problems exiting in the system were put forward. In the process of improving the quality control level of Chinese herbal pieces, various kinds of advanced methods and technology should be used to research the characteristic reference standards of Chinese herbal pieces, more and more reasonable reference standards should be introduced in the quality control system of Chinese herbal pieces. This article discussed the solutions in the aspect of TCM reference standards, and future development of quality control on Chinese herbal pieces is prospected.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Quality Control ; Reference Standards