BACKGROUND: Whole blood viscosity is the keystone in hemorheological research, which has important significance in the exposure of the generation of ischemic diseases including myocardial infarction (MI) and cerebral infarction(CI) due to hemorheological changes.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characters of macroscopical and microscopical hemorheology to explore the standardization of hemorheological measuring method.DESIGN: An observatory comparative study based on the venous blood of healthy individual.SETTING: Department of physics in a medical college.MATERIALS: Venous bloods of 86 healthy individuals were randomly selected for the study, which was conducted in the Laboratory of Hemorheology of Guilin Medical College.METHODS: Totally 86 whole blood samples were tested under 7 shear rates (0.6 s-1,2 s-1,5 s-1, 10 s-1, 20 s-1, 40 s-1, 100 s-1) from low shear rate to high shear rate, and then from high shear rate to low shear rate. The measuring value of the two processes was compared.Casson viscosity and yield stress in two measuring process.RESULTS: There was no significant difference of apparent viscosity( P＞ 0.05 ) except the 0.6 s- 1 -corresponding apparent viscosity ( P ＜ 0.05 )at some shear rate in two measuring process. There was no significant difference in Casson viscosity and yield stress( P ＞ 0.5, P ＞ 0. 3).CONCLUSION: The measurement of Casson viscosity and yield stress is good for the optimization of the standardization of hemorheological indicators and measuring method; and it is feasible to test apparent viscosity, Casson viscosity and yield stress repeatedly in same blood sample, which has important significance in the exposure of the hemorheological changes and the generation and development mechanism of ischemic diseases including MI,CI, hypertension, and coronary heart disease(CHD).

Objective To evaluate the clinical feasibility of performing the placement of drainage tube via transnasal route in treating mediastinal anastomotic fistula after surgery of esophageal cancer.Methods A total of 6 patients with mediastinal anastomotic fistula after surgery of esophageal cancer,who were admitted to authors' hospital during the period from August 2015 to January 2016,were included in this study.The diagnosis was confirmed by esophageal radiography and thoracic CT scan in all the 6 patients.Under X-ray monitoring,the drainage tube was inserted into the cavity of mediastinal fistula with the help of a guide wire guidance,and continuous negative pressure suction was adopted.The jejunum nutrition tube was inserted via the same nostril if feeding tube was not placed.Results Successful placement of fistula drainage tube and jejunum nutrition tube was achieved in all the 6 patients.In one patient the fistula drainage tube had to be re-placed as the drainage tube was obstructed five days after initial placement.Under X-ray monitoring the mean time used for the drainage tube placement was 33 min (range of 23-48 min).The procedure was well tolerated by all the 6 patients,and no procedure-related complications occurred.After continuous negative pressure suction that lasted for 6-40 days (mean of 23 days) the fistulae healed.Conclusion For the treatment of mediastinal anastomotic fistula after surgery of esophageal cancer,the placement of fistula drainage tube under X-ray monitoring is simple,safe and effective.(J Intervent Radiol,2017,26:250-252)

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and principle of direct reduction and fixation through the pedicle of fractured vertebra in treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures.Methods Between June 2001 and November 2005,24 cases of one level thoracolumbar burst fracture,16 males and eight females,were treated in our department.Their average age was 32.5 years old.The fractured vertebrae were as follows:T11 in two cases,T12 in nine cases,L1 in 11 cases and L2 in two cases.According to the ASIA(American Spinal Injury Association) neurological function grading system,there were one grade A,two grade B,five grade C,three grade D anti 13 grade E.The vertebral canal area blocked was rated as gradeⅠ(＜1/4)in three cases,gradeⅡ(1/4～1/2)in nine cases,gradeⅢ(1/2～3/4)in 10 cases and gradeⅣ(＞3/4)in two cases.The pedicle-screws were im- planted into the pedicles of the fractured vertebra and its adjacent ones.The connective rod was pre-bent according to the normal sagittal curvature of the fixation segment.After necessary decompression of the vertebral canal,the pedicle-screws stabilized the rod which was rotated to prop open upper and lower pedicle screws and push the burst vertebra so that the kyphosis and lateral dislocation were corrected.The graft bone was implanted between the transverse processes.Results On average,the height of fractured vertebra was restored from 48.3% of the normal value before operation to 93.6% after operation,the lateral dislocation from 17.1% to 0.6%,the Cobb's angle on the sagittal plane from 26.5?to 3.1?,and the Cobb's angle on the frontal plane from 9.5?to 0?.The area of vertebral canal was enlarged from 44.6% of the normal value to 92.1%.There were no complications.For in- complete neurological injuries,improvement of one to two grades was made in neurological functions.Conclusion Direct reduction and fixation through pedicles of fractured vertebrae is a safe and effective therapeutic option to treat the thoracolumbar burst fracture,for it can improve the stabilization and stress distribution.

Gardenia jasminoides is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which is also the first batch of being used for both medicine and food issued by Ministry of Health of China. In recent years, G. jasminoides has been applied widely in medicine and health food, so the quality evaluation of G. jasminoides has become a key problem urgently needed to be solved in this industry. Based on the review of its chemical composition and pharmacological effects, combined with the definition of Q-marker, this study processed predictive analysis on Q-marker of G. jasminoides from several aspects at chemical composition, new clinical use, measurable composition, traditional medicine properties and efficacy, plasma composition, and storage time, which provides the basis for quality evaluation of G. jasminoides.

Objective • To mainly explore the real-time effect of adipose stem cells (ASCs) on the fibrogenesis of dermal fibroblasts co-stimulated by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and further clarify the possible pathway and mechanism of ASCs in regulating wound repair. Methods • By using two different real-time culture systems including Transwell system and contact co-culture system, events associated with fibrogenesis including the changes of fibroblast cell number or expression of collagen types and III detected by immunofluorescence or Western blotting in dermal fibroblasts at 72 h with/without the stimulation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and/or ASCs were studied. Results • In Transwell system, the cell number of fibroblasts was significantly decreased under the stimulation of ASCs and TGF-β1, compared with TGF-β1 only group (P=0.035). In contact co-culture system, under the stimulation of TGF-β1, the numbers of fluorescence labeling fibroblasts in group with ASCs as basal cells were decreased, compared with group with fibroblast as basal cells (P=0.000). In terms of the collagen expression, in Transwell system, the amounts of collagen secretion from fibroblasts within the upper chamber were increased dramatically when fibroblasts were being co-cultured with ASCs (P=0.000). In contact co-culture system, under the stimulation of TGF-β1, the amounts of collagen secretion in the supernatant of cell culture in the group with ASCs as basal cells were increased, compared with the group with fibroblast as basal cells (P=0.000). Conclusion • ASCs may have an effect on fibrogenesis of dermal fibroblasts co-stimulated by TGF-β1 through a paracrine and direct contact way. It not only increases collagen production and secretion, but also inhibits fibroblasts over-proliferation.

Objective To explore the changes of tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myelogenous leukemia(AML) and its clinical significance.Methods TNF-? in serum and CSF were measured by radioimmunoassay and CSF samples were obtained from 31 cases of childhood acute leukemia before treatment, on complete remission(CR), and continuous CR.Results Serum TNF-? was in ALL and AML before treatment [(24.35?4.84) pmol/L and(28.65?5.12) pmol/ L],which were significantly higher than those of healthy controls[(11.2 8? 1.69) pmol/L, P

AIMTo study the protection of casein and protamine against degradation of insulin (INS) by proteolysis enzymes and the effect of these two kinds of protein on the hypoglycemic action of INS solution and enteric-microspheres after administrated orally to rats.

METHODSHPLC was used to determine the remained INS in the solution of alpha-chymotrypsin and trypsin with or without casein or protamine; INS solution and enteric-microspheres were prepared and adiministrated orally to rats together with the absorption enhancer sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino] caprylate (SNAC). At the same time, casein or protamine or both of these two kinds of protein were administrated together in order to study their influence on the hypoglycemic effect of INS and microspheres.

RESULTSCasein had a good protection against degradation of INS by alpha-chymotrypsin, but protamine had no protection effect. However, the degradation of INS by trypsin is concerned, the protection effect of protamine on INS was better that of casein. Both of protamine and casein can increase the hypoglycemic effect of INS solution and enteric-microspheres. Co-administrated these two kinds of protein had a better effect. In addition, co-administrated with SNAC, casein and protamine, INS enteric-microspheres had a longer and more potent hypoglycemic effect than that of the solution.

CONCLUSIONCasein and protamine can increase the stability of INS in the intestinal fluid by the mechanism of competition and combine with proteolysis enzymes, which will benefit to INS oral administration.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Caprylates ; Caseins ; pharmacology ; Chymotrypsin ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Insulin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Microspheres ; Protamines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Solutions ; Trypsin ; pharmacology

Tongluo Xingnao effervescent tablet (TLXNET) is a patented prescription, which comes from modified Xionggui decoction and can improve cognitive function. However, its effect on the urine metabolites and anti-dementia mechanism in the dementia model rats induced by hippocampal injection with Aβ25-35 remains unclear. The experiment focused on the changes in trajectory and inter-relationship among the urinary metabolite of rats in the blank group, Aβ25-35 hippocampal injection dementia model group and the TLXNET intervention group, in order to determine theirs characteristic metabolic markers and explain the anti-dementia effect of TLX-NET base on the change of metabolic trajectory of these bio-markers. According to the experimental results, 5, 6-indolequinone, 4-hydroxyphenyl pyruvic acid (4-HPPA), cortisol and 3-thiosulfate lactic were preliminarily identified as the characteristic metabolic markers. They mainly participate in dopamine system, glucocorticoids and energy metabolic pathways. TLXNET can apparently downregulate the disturbances of metabolic trajectory of the four bio-markers. The experiment indicates that the dementia model induced by injecting Aβ25-3 into hippocampus has its characteristic endogenous metabolic markers in urine, and ELXNET can ameliorate dementia by down-regulating the disturbances of metabolic trajectory.
Amyloid beta-Peptides ; metabolism ; toxicity ; Animals ; Biomarkers ; urine ; Dementia ; drug therapy ; urine ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Peptide Fragments ; metabolism ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tablets ; administration & dosage ; Urine ; chemistry

Objective To study early diagnosis and treatment of Wernicke's encephalopathy(WE) in allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation recipients.Method A 17 years old patient with acute B-lymphocytic leukemia received HLA-matched nonrelative allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation after conditioning with total-body irradiation/idamycin/cyclophosphamide (TBI/IDA/Cy) regimen.CD25 monoclonal antibody and cyclosporine A+mycophenolate mofetil + methotrexate were administrated for graft versus host disease prophylaxis.Result On the day 8,the platelet was over 20 × 109/L; On the day 10,the neutrophile granulocyte was over 0.5 × 109/L; On the day 28,full engraftment was confirmed by a bone marrow medicolegal identification.The continued nausea and vomiting after HSCT resulted in deficiency of intake and malabsorption.On the day 54,illusion and tremor occurred,and the follow-up brain MRI suggested WE,but the patient died before thiamine replacing therapy.Conclusion WE is also a rare neurologic complication of HSCT,however,it can easily be overlooked.So early radiologic surveillance and treatment for patients with WE is very important to minimize central nervous system complications and unwanted mortality.

Background Interleukin-17 (IL-17)is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine and plays a pathogenic role in autoimmune disease.It was confirmed that IL-17 is implicated in allograft rejection of many transplanted organs.Recent studies have foensed on the effect of IL-17 antagonists on allograft rejection.Objective This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of anti-mouse IL-17 monoclonal antibody (mAb) on corneal allograft rejection.Methods Twenty-five 8 to 10-week-old C57BL/6 mice and 50 BALB/c mice were collected.Donor cornea grafts with 2 mm diameter from 25 C57BL/6 mice was transplanted to 50 eye of BALB/c mice to establish a model of corneal transplantation.The recipients were randomized into 2 groups,and neutralizing mouse IL-17antibody or isotype control antibody was intraperitoneally injected immediately after transplantation for experimental treatment,respectively.Allografts were scored clinically at appropriate time points after treatment based on Plskova criteria,and ≥5 was confirmed as rejection.Infiltrating cells in corneal graft were detected qualitatively and quantitatively by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-PCR separately.The cytokine levels of T helper type 1 (Th1),Th2,and Th17 in recipients' spleen wer(c) analyzcd by ELISA.The use of the animals followed the Statement of ARVO.Results Compared with the isotype control antibody group,the survival of grafts was improved in the IL-17mAb group(P＜0.05).The levels of neutrophile granulocyte mRNA,CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphotes mRNA were 2.22±0.10,1.64±0.04 and 1.32±0.10 in the IL-17 mAb group,showing a significant decline in comparison with those of the isotype control antibody group(3.61 ±0.08,2.69±0.06 and 2.17±0.04) (P=0.000,0.000,0.000).Interferon-γ(IFN-γ),IL-12 p40 and IL-17 concentrations in recipients ' splenocytes were (529.80 ± 13.83) ng/L,(539.58 ±10.74) ng/L and(173.70±8.11)ng/L in the IL-17 mAb group,and thosc in the isotype control antibody group were (741.48± 10.51) ng/L,(1156.90 ± 69.93) ng/L and (366.13± 7.93) ng/L,with significant differences between them (P=0.000,0.001,0.000).Conclusions Neutralization IL-17 bioactivity inhibits mouse corneal allograft rejection to a certain extent.