Objective To study the pathogenic bacteria species and drug resistance rate in the intensive care unit(ICU)in county hospital to guide clinical rational use of antibiotics. Methods 263 various specimens were chosen from January 2013 to December 2013 in the ICU of Zigui County People's Hospital in Hubei Province,these were applied to perform the bacterial culture and identification,and disc AGAR diffusion method was used to test the in vitro drug susceptibility and observe the specimens distribution,pathogenic distribution and the rate of drug resistance. Results In the 263 specimens,the top three isolated were 131 sputum(49.8%),49 blood(18.6%) and 38 ascites specimens(14.4%)respectively,and the pleural effusion was the least isolated with 5(1.9%). A total of 125 strains bacteria were isolated with positive detection rate of 47.5%(125/263). In the 125 strains,80(64.0%) were Gram-negative(G-)bacilli at the pioneer position,and the top four were:Klebsiella pneumonia 23(18.4%), Acinetobacter Baumanni 19(15.2%),Escherichia coli 18(14.4%)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 12 strains(9.6%). There were 33 strains(26.4%)of Gram positive(G+)cocci including mainly Staphylococcus aureus 25 strains(20.0%);fungi strains were 12,the least(9.6%). The drug resistance rates of the top four G- bacillus were as follows:the rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to ampicillin sodium was the highest(100%),while its rate to imipenem,meropenem and ciprofloxacin was 0;the rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to tobramycin and ceftriaxone were very high(100%, 92.3%),while to imipenem,meropennem were much lower respectively(26.3%,15.4%);the rates of Escherichia coli to ampicillin sodium and piperacillin were relatively high(88.9%,83.3%),while the rates to amikacin,imipenem, meropennem respectively were 0;the rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ceftriaxone,cefotaxime sodium were very high(both 100%),while the resistant rate to levofloxacin was 0. The G+ cocci had no drug-resistance to linezolid, teicoplanin and vancomycin;the rates of Staphylococcus aureus to azithromycin,clindamycin,erythromycin and penicillin were higher than 80%,and those of Excrement enterococcus to erythromycin,gentamycin,levofloxacin were also higher than 80%. Conclusions The ICU infection of our hospital is primarily respiratory tract infection, the pathogenic bacteria are mainly G- bacilli and the antibacterial drug resistance is very serious. Therefore it is necessary to monitor the trend of bacterial resistance closely,and according to the results of bacteria identification and drug susceptibility,the antimicrobial agents are reasonably chosen to effectively reduce and control the ICU hospital infection.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cyclophosphamide ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hemoperfusion ; Humans ; Male ; Methylprednisolone ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Renal Dialysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effects of high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptors TrkB,TrkC and the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 in spiral ganglion cell(SGC)of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.Methods The 50 adult Wistar rats were divided randomly into 5 groups received intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin with vary dose.Control group was received equivalent volumes of saline.The group received l day intraperitoneal injection was cisplatin treated at a dose of 5 mg/kg and killed at next day.The group received 3 days was cisplatin treated for 3 days at sanle dose daily and then killed at next day.The group A received 5 days was cisplatin treated for 5 days and killed at next day.The group B received 5 days was cisplatin treated for 5 days and then were sacrificed after 7 davs.The change of mRNA level of neurotrophin receptors in cochlear tissue were examined bv RT-PCR.The expressing pattern of TrkB,TrkC,P75 in damaged cochlea were study by immunochemistry using antibodies against TrkB,TrkC,P75 protein.Results The research data showed the expression of Trk B,Trk C,D75 exhibited in SGC wag dynamic along with the administration lasting.The mRNA and protein level of Trk B(x±s)at day 1 and 3 after cisplatin treatment were 0.76±0.06,88.78±4.28,0.82±0.09 and 91.64±4.06,with significant difference among those and other groups(P＜0.05).The mRNA and protein level of TrkC at day 1 after cisplatin treatment were 0.80±0.05 and 89.55±2.76.with significant difference among that and other groups(P＜0.05).The mRNA and protein level of p75 at the control group and cisplatin treated groups were 0.64±0.04,55.16±3.10.0.77±0.04,78.46±3.86,1.01±0.09,105.02±6.61,1.18±0.09,111.10±6.08.0.51±0.04 and 42.74±5.20.with significant difference among the control group and cisplatin treated groups(P＜0.05).Conclusions The expression of Trk B increased to peak at day 1-3 after cisplatin treatment and decreased at day 5 early and following weeks.The expression of Trk C went up to peak at day l after cisplatin treatment and went down during subsequently time.P75 kept a trend of continuance increased during the drug treatment and decrease at drug stopped.The expression of Trk B.Trk C and P75 may be involved in cochlear insuh with cisplatin-induced.Trk B and Trk C may play an important role in the reparative process of cochlear,especially at early stage of the damage.P75 could promote SGC apoptosis in cisplatin-induced neuretoxicity.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of 1-tetrahydropalmatine (1-THP) on the spontaneous electric discharge (SED) induced by chronic dorsal root ganglion neurons compression.

METHODSUsing single fiber recording method, the SED of 84 neurons class A induced by compression were recorded. The effect of 1-THP on the SEDs and its relation with concentration were observed.

RESULTSIn the 84 SED of neurons, 25 showed periodical rhythmicity (PR) and 59 showed non-periodic rhythmicity (non-PR). 1-THP (100 micromol/L) inhibited SED in 16.0% (4/25) of neurons with PR and 67.8% (40/59) of neurons with non-PR (P < 0.01) in an effect-dose dependent manner, the higher the concentration of 1-THP, the more the inhibition, with quicker inhibiting in initiation and longer time needed for recovery. SED in 57.1% neurons were recovered 20 min after elution, but unrecovered even after 3 h in the others.

CONCLUSION1-THP shows inhibitory effect on the A-fiber SED induced by chronic dorsal root ganglion neurons compression.

Action Potentials ; drug effects ; Animals ; Berberine Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Ganglia, Spinal ; drug effects ; injuries ; physiology ; Male ; Neurons ; drug effects ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To evaluate retrospectively the difference and complementary of contrastenhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (CEMR) in early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC)(≤2.0 cm) in patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods Forty-five patients with space-occupying lesions in cirrhotic livers were included, who were referred to CEUS and CEMR before operations. Numbers as well as diagnosis results were recorded respectively,and all cases were confirmed by pathological examination. Results Seventy-five lesions were found after CEUS and CEMR,with 69 and 58 respectively. Forty-one lesions were diagnosed pathologically as SHCC by surgery or needle biopsy. Overlapping exited in enhanced mode between CEUS and CEMR.Most SHCC displayed as mode Ⅰ "fast-in and fast-out" and mode Ⅱ "fast-in and slow-out" in both examination,which can be considered as a reliable criterion. The diagnostic accuracy of CEUS and CEMR was 77. 3% (58/75) and 62. 7% (44/75) respectively (0. 50＜ P ＜0. 75). Differences of the diagnostic accuracy of SHCC with atypical enhanced mode between CEMR and CEUS were statistically significant.Conclusions There is no significant difference of diagnostic accuracy of SHCC between CEMR and CEUS.Both of these two examing procedure have its own advantages for atypical lesions, which accounts for its diagnostic difference of small SHCC and benign lesions.

Aniline Compounds ; blood ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity

To improve 3-ketosteroid-△1-dehydrogenase(KSDH) activity and the transformation level for androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, 3-ketosteroid-△1-dehydrogenase gene(ksdD) from Arthrobacter simplex was cloned into plasmid pWB980 and expressed in B. subtilis WB600 under the control of promoter P43. The molecular weight of expressed enzyme was about 55kDa by SDS-PAGE analysis. The activitities assayed by spectrophotometrical method of intracellular and extracellular soluble enzyme were 110?0.5mU and 15?0.6mU per milligram of protein respectively. The transformation rate of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione by the B. subtilis recombinant cells was 45.3%. Compared with Arthrobacter simplex, the enzyme activity of KSDH expressed in B. subtilis was improved about 30 fold, and the transformation level of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione by the B. subtilis recombinant cells was improved about 10 fold. The recombinant B. subtilis cells used in biotransformation of steroids provided a new way for steroid medicines production.

Objective To observe spiral ganglion cell(SGC) death pattern caused by cisplatin and investigate pro-apoptotic protein BNIP3 involve ment in SGC death. Methods Cochlear SGC were isolated from the neonatal rats and cultured in vitro. A cochleas insult model were induced by treatment of 100 μmol/L cisplatin. Real-time PCR were used to determine expression of apoptosis related gene in neonatal rat cochlear cultures after cisplatin treatment. Western blotting was used to detect α-spectrin and indirectly determine caspase-3 activity. Double immunohischemical staining method was performed to indicated the localization and expression of BNIP3 and NF-200. Results Morphological finding showed that SGC were smaller, and neurofiber were blebbing and broken at treatment of cisplatin for 12 h. NF-200marker positive cell number decreased. The transcription level of BNIP3 in cisplatin treatment for 3 h,6 h and 12 h was higher than the control group(P ＜0. 05). Western blotting results showed that 120 000 of breakdown products of α-spectrin relative gray level were 0. 10 ±0. 05 in the control group, 0. 49 ±0. 09 and 0. 75 ±0. 08 in cisplatin treatment for 6 h and 12 h group. It increased significantly in the group of cisplatin treatment for 6 h and 12 h than the control group (q =8. 63 and 14. 61 ,P ＜0. 01 ). When compared between 6 h of cisplatin treatment and 12 h group, significant difference was detected (q = 5.98 ,P ＜ 0. 05 ). There was weak BNIP3 positive expression in cytoplasm of the control group. However, strongly BNIP3-positive labeled were seen in the nucleus of SGC and cytoplasm of some stromal cells around SGC after cisplatin treatment. Conclusions BNIP3 played an important role in cisplatin induced SGC death and followed independent signaling transduction pathway that differ from stromal cells around SGC. It may suggest that BNIP3 enter nucleus to bind DNA and up-regulate apoptotic gene expression to promote cells death.

OBJECTIVETo confirm the effect of Er'bao granule (EBG) on the sensitivity to peripheral afferent signal of neurons in lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) to illustrate the central mechanism of EBG in promoting ingestion behavior.

METHODSThe anorexia rat model was established by feeding special prepared forage for one week, and all the model rats were administrated with EBG by gavage for 3 weeks. The spontaneous discharge of LHA neurons was recorded using electro-physiological extracellular recording method, and its response to electrical stimulus on gastric vagus nerve and intravenous injection of glucose were observed and compared among the normal, model and treated groups.

RESULTSAs compared with the normal group, among the LHA neurons responding to afferent gastric vagal impulse, the proportion of glycemia-sensitive neurons in the model group was significantly decreased (P <0.01), but insignificant difference was shown in comparison between the treated group and the normal group.

CONCLUSIONEBG play a role in regulating the sensitivity of LHA neurons to peripheral afferent signal and thus to influence the multi-afferent information integration of ingestion central neurons.

Afferent Pathways ; drug effects ; Animals ; Anorexia ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Electrophysiology ; Feeding Behavior ; drug effects ; Hypothalamic Area, Lateral ; physiopathology ; Neurons ; physiology ; Phytotherapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vagus Nerve ; physiopathology

To improve 3-ketosteroid-△1-dehydrogenase (KSDH) activity and the transformation level for androst-4-ene-3,17-dione,3-ketosteroid-△1 -dehydrogenase gene (ksdD) from Arthrobacter simplex was cloned into plasmid pWB980 and expressed in B. subtilis WB600 under the control of promoter P43. The molecular weight of expressed enzyme was about 55kDa by SDS-PAGE analysis. The activitities assayed by spectrophotometrical method of intracellular and extracellular soluble enzyme were 110 ± 0.5mU and 15 ± 0.6mU per milligram of protein respectively. The transformation rate of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione by the B. subtilis recombinant cells was 45.3%. Compared with Arthrobacter simplex, the enzyme activity of KSDH expressed in B. subtilis was improved about 30 fold, and the transformation level of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione by the B.subtilis recombinant cells was improved about 10 fold. The recombinant B. subtilis cells used in biotransformation of steroids provided a new way for steroid medicines production.