Cerebrovascular reserve is an important parameter for evaluating cerebrovascular disease,and it has great clinical significance.There are a number of determination methods for cerebrovascular reserve,such as position emission tomography(PET),single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT),Xenon-133 inhalation technique,Xenon CT,perfusion CT, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),transcranial Doppler(TCD),transcranial harmonic perfusion imaging(HPI),near infrared spectroscopy(NIR),and Laser Doppler vibrometry(LDV), however,there have been no unified criteria up to now.The provocation test that makes cerebral blood flow increase includes CO_2 inhalation test,breath holding test,and acetazolamide test,etc. The article focuses the discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of the above determination methods.

Cervical Vertebrae ; Dura Mater ; Epidural Space ; Humans ; Spinal Cord Neoplasms ; surgery

Breast ; radiation effects ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mastectomy ; Mastectomy, Segmental

Objective To analyze and evaluate the role of IABP in the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction.Methods The clinical data of all patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with IABP admitted into the Peking University First Hospital from January 1st 2000 to December 31st 2006 were collected.The treatment effects of IABP were analyzed with statistical methods.Results A total number of 48 patients with acute myocardial infarction were treated with IABP in the past 6 years and 26 of them were presented with cardiogenic shock at the time of admission.The short-term condition was stabilized in 81.3%(39/48) of the patients with IABP treatment which was demonstrated by restoration of stable heart rate and blood pressure,increase in urine volume,symptoms relief and decreasing need of vasoactive drug.The in-hospital mortality was lower in patients received revascularization therapy in additional to IABP compared with patients who had IABP support alone(37.5% vs.93.8%,P

Objective To investigate the anti-proliferation effect of triptolide-eluting stent, as well as its effectiveress, dose-effect relationship and safety. Methods Experimental stents were divided into 4 groups with 10 stents each, namely bare stent group, sirolimus-coated stent group, 5.6 ?g triptolide-coated stent group and 56 ?g triptolide-coated stent group. By morphometric and histopathologic analysis,we compared 5.6 ?g and 56 ?g triptolide-eluting stents with bare metal stents and sirolimus-eluting stents 28 days after stenting in rabbit iliac models of restenosis. Results The neointimal area of 5.6 ?g triptolide-eluting stents was similar to that of bare metal stents, but larger than that of sirolimus-eluting stents. The neointimal area of 56 ?g triptolide-eluting stents was smaller than that of bare metal stents and 5.6 ?g triptolide-eluting stents, but was similar to that of sirolimus-eluting stents. In all the groups, proliferation on both edges of the stents was insignificant. No toxic effect had been found in the experimental animals related to triptolide-eluting stent. Conclusion Triptolide-eluting stents may inhibit neointimal proliferation. The effect of inhibiting neointimal proliferation is dose dependent and with no adverse effect. These results suggest that triptolide-eluting stent can prevent restenosis within four weeks.

Drug combination is extensive in the clinical real world,which is an important part and the inherent requirements of the post-marketing evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The key issues and technology include multi-domain and multi-disciplinary such as the rationality, efficacy and safety evaluation of combination drug starting from clinical real world, study on component in vivo and mechanism of combination drug, the risk/benefit assessment and cost-benefit evaluation of combination drug and so on. The topic has been studied as clinical demonstration on combination therapy of variety of diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, insomnia, depression, hepatitis, herpes zoster, psoriasis and ectopic pregnancy. Meanwhile, multi-disciplinary dynamic innovation alliance of clinical drug combination has been presented, which can promote the academic development and improving service ability and level of TCM.
Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

Research on post-marketing Chinese medicine should be the systematic study from application to mechanism. Clinical evaluation is the basis of mechanism study, we can find the clue from clinical evaluation, then make a mechanism study to find the reason, then apply the results to clinic. So it is a virtuous circle. In order to achieve it, we cannot be limited to traditional Chinese medicine, we should form multi-disciplinary team under the direction of grand science thinking, try hard to put industry-university-research institute collaboration association to use, and if necessary, explore the new model of the whole nation system. An appropriate operation mechanism is very important.
Biomedical Research ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To determine the effect of endomorphin (EM) on colonic electromyography activity and investigate the pathogenesis of slow transit constipation (STC). Methods An experimental rat model of slow transit constipation was constructed by contract laxatives mixed with the feed. The changes of colonic electromyography and reaction to endomorphin 1 and endomorphin 2 were examined. Results Compared with the control group, the frequency and amplitude of slow wave in cathartic colon rats were decreased significantly. Endomorphin 1 and endomorphin 2 significantly decreased the amplitudes of slow wave, but did not change the frequencies of slow wave. The effect of endomorphin 1 was more pronounced than that of endomorphin 2, which could be reversed by the morphine antagonist Naloxone in concentration-dependent manner. Endomorphin could not block the stimulating effect of acetylcholine. Conclusions Endomorphin can influence the colonic electromyography activity and intestine motility of cathartic colon rats, and may be involved in the pathologic mechanism of slow transit constipation.

Objective:To construct pIRES-I-Ad?? bicistronic eukaryotic expression vector. Methods: Total RNA was acquired by TRIZOL method, the genes of I-Ad ?? chains were amplified through RT-PCR, respectively. The target genes were connected to pGEM-T vector and sequenced. Then the target genes were subcloned into pIRES bicistronic eukaiyotic expression vector and NIH3T3 cell line was transfected. Transfectant was screened by G418 antibiotics. Total RNA of transfectant was obtained by TRIZOL method, mRNA of foreign gene was examined by RT-PCR. Flow cytometry( FCM) was used to detennine foreign gene expression in protein level and surface expression in NIH3T3 cell line. Results: Bicistronic eukaryotic expression vector pIRES-I-AdaB was established. Foreign gene in mRNA level in transfectants was examined. Verified Ⅰ-Ad ?? chain wa3 expressed in high level expressed on transfected NIH3T3 cell line surface by FCM. Conclusion:Bicistronic eukaryotic expression vector pIRES-I-Ad ?? was constructed successfully. It is useful for studying antigen presentation and interaction between epitopes and MHC- Ⅱ molecule of BALB/c mouse.

Objective To investigate the association between depression and clinical outcomes in elderly patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods Four hundred and fifty-one patients aged ≥ 60 years undergoing PCI in cardiovascular department of Anyang People's Hospital from January 2012 to June 2014 were prospectively analyzed in this study.Patients were divided into PCI without (SDS＜50) and with (SDS≥50) depressiongroup.They were tested by the self-rating depression scale (SDS) at discharge,and followed up for 1 year.And the 1-year mortality was compared between two groups.Multivariable Logistic regression analysis was used to confirm the independent risk factors for the 1-year mortality.Results The 1-year mortality was higher in PCI with depression group than in PCI without depression group (8.9oo vs.3.9％,P=0.035).As compared with PCI patients without depression,PCI patients with depression showed the increased odds ratio (2.55,95％ CI:1.05 ～ 6.17,P=0.039) for 1-year mortality by multivariable Logistic regression analysis.Conclusions Depression is an independent predictor for mortality in elderly patients undergoing PCI.