Exercise Test ; Female ; Heart Sounds ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Phonocardiography ; methods ; Pregnancy ; Stress, Physiological ; physiology ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the effects of casein and excessive iodine on histomorphalogY and ultrastructure of mouse thymicL Methods Based on 2 × 3 factorial design,the experimental mice were divided into 6 groupg Animal models were estabhshed by feeding the mice with different levels of iodine water and casein food.The levels of iodine were 50,600 μg/L in drinking water and 0(Ⅰ),10%(Ⅱ),20%(Ⅲ)of casein in food respectively.After 12 months,the thyroid weight was measured and the morphology of thyroid was observed under optical and electron microscope.Results Factorial analysis showed that iodine factors obviously affected the thyroid absolute and relative weiights of mice(F=16.23,9.47,P＜0.01),and there was interaction between casein and iodine(F=5.29,4.68,P＜0.01 or＜0.05).Compared wiht 150Ⅰ[(5.91±0.82)rag,(117.0±22.2)mg/kg]and 50Ⅲ[(4.90±0.63)rag,(106.1±13.3)mg/kg]groups.thyroid absolute and relative weights of the mice increased in 600 Ⅰ[(7.60±2.40)mg,(143.3±43.2)mg/kg]and 600Ⅲ[(8.63±1.88)mg,(166.2±39.4)mg/kg]groups(P＜0.05 or＜0.01),respectively.But compared with 600 Ⅰ and 600Ⅲ groups.they were reduced obviously in 600Ⅱ[(5.76±1.13)mg,(109.8±16.5)mg/kg]group(P＜0.05 or＜O.01).Colloid goiter,lymphocyte infiltration were found,some of the follicles epithelial cells appeared active under light and electron microscope in iodine excels group,which,however,decreased obviously along with the increase of casein dose.Conclusions Long-term excessive iodine may cause colloid goiter and inflammation injury of mice,possibly leading the development of thyroiditis in mice,which may be partly reduced by casein.

Objective To report the surgical method and treatment outecome of transfer of free upper limb lateral bone-skin flap for repair of bone defects and nonunion in hand and forearm.Methods 17 cases of hand composite trauma,5 cases of forearm composite trauma and 2 cases of nonunion in forearm were treated with free bone-skin flaps in distal humerus,whose pedicle was the posterior branch of radical collateral artery. Area of the flap was 2cm?3cm to 8cm?10cm,length of exseeted bone was 3～6 cm.Results All the bone-skin flaps completely survived,the donor area all achieved primary healing,On postoperative 1～4 years follow-up,the texture of the flap was excellent,and bone union was obtained in all transplants,the donor area of distal lateral humerus became thicker and thicker with new cortical bones formed.According to the upper arm function assessment criterion issued by hand surgery association of Chinese medical association.The hand function had excellent results in 17 cases and good results in 2 cases.Conclusion The bone-skin flap has following advantages:easy dissection,reliable blood supply,and no major vessel needed to be sacrificed,so it is an effective method for repair of skin and soft tissue with bone defects in hand and forearm,It.also can be used to repair refractory nonunion in ulna and radius.

OBJECTIVETo screen and identify differentially expressed genes in the hippocampus of the offsprings of lead exposed female rats in order to provide a theoretical basis for identifying learning and memory deficits related genes.

METHODSRNA was extracted from the hippocampus of young rats with learning and memory deficits due to maternal lead exposure. Suppression subtractive hybridization was used to identify the differentially expressed genes in the hippocampus.

RESULTSAn effective subtracted library was constructed which consisted of approximately 200 clones. Sequencing for the library identified 93 clones harboring insertion fragments which included 43 different genes and 4 unknown genes. These genes might be related to learning and memory deficits due to maternal lead exposure.

CONCLUSIONSThe up-regulated genes in the hippocampus of young rats from pregnant rats under lead exposure include some housekeeping genes and some proteins involved in cellular protein folding, signal transduction, stress response and DNA methylation. These proteins might be directly related to a significant reduction in learning and memory abilities in the young rats.

Animals ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Library ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Lead ; toxicity ; Learning ; drug effects ; Memory ; drug effects ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; methods ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pregnancy ; Rats

OBJECTIVEIt has been reported that neuronal apoptosis plays a critical role in pathology of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Cytochrome C (CytC) is an important apoptotic protease activating factor. Inosine might have a neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting the neuronal apoptosis and the expression of CytC mRNA in adult rats. This study examined the effects of inosine on neuronal apoptosis and CytC mRNA expression following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in order to investigate the neuroprotectivity of inosine against cerebral ischemia injury in neonatal rats and the possible mechanism.

METHODSA total of 140 healthy 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups were randomly assigned into Control (n=40), HIBD (n=50) and Inosine treatment groups (n=50). HIBD rat models were established by ligating the left common carotid artery, followed by 8% O2 hypoxia exposure for 2 hrs in the HIBD and Inosine treatment groups. The Control group was not subjected to hypoxia-ischemia (HI). The Inosine treatment and the HIBD groups were randomly divided into 5 sub-groups sacrificed at 6 and 12 hrs, and 1, 3 and 7 days post- HI (n=10 each). The Control group rats were sacrificed at the corresponding time points (n=8 each). Inosine was administered to the Inosine treatment group by intraperitoneal injection immediately after HIBD at the dosage of 100 mg/kg twice daily for 7 days. TUNEL staining and in situ hybridization method was used to detect neuronal apoptosis and CytC mRNA expression respectively.

RESULTSFew apoptotic cells and CytC mRNA positive cells were found in brain tissues of the Control group. In the HIBD group, the number of apoptotic cells and the CytC mRNA expression in the cortical and hippocampal gyrum CA1 areas increased 6 hrs after HI, peaking at 1 day after HI and then decreased gradually. Until the 7th day, the number of apoptotic cells and the CytC mRNA expression in the cortical and hippocampal gyrum CA1 areas in the HIBD group remained significantly higher than in the Control group. Inosine treatment decreased the apoptotic cells and the CytC mRNA expression in both areas from 6 hrs to 7 days after HI compared with the HIBD group. The linear correlation analysis demonstrated that the number of apoptotic cells was positively correlated to the CytC mRNA expression in neonatal rats with HIBD (r=0.88, P < 0.01) .

CONCLUSIONSInosine can reduce the number of apoptotic cells and down-regulate the expression of CytC mRNA following HIBD in neonatal rats. The decreased number of apoptotic cells was positively correlated to the decreased CytC mRNA expression after inosine treatment, suggesting that inosine offered neuroprotectivity against HIBD possibly through inhibiting the CytC mRNA expression and resulting in a decrease of cell apoptosis.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cytochromes c ; genetics ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Inosine ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo introduce the clinical experience in transplantation of the anterolateral femoral skin flap.

METHODSA total of 625 anterolateral femoral skin flaps in 600 patients were transplanted from 1988 to 2003. The retrospective analysis was carried out in all the cases as to the flap pedicle, the vascular variations, the surgical procedures and modifications, and the adaptation for a cutaneous-branch-absent flap.

RESULTSThe 625 flaps were transferred except 7 cancelled in the operation. Postoperatively, 17 cases encountered vascular complications, 10 of which survived completely with successful vessel exploration, 3 cases had partial necrosis, and 4 cases had complete necrosis. The survival rate was 97.8%. 545 flaps were pedicled with the descending branch or lateral branches; 45 flaps with the transverse branch or the high-site anterolateral cutaneous artery, 10 cases with the descending-transverse branch, 18 cases with other vessels. 7 cases were found cutaneous-branch-absent. The vessel variation rate of the flap was 4.06%.

CONCLUSIONSThe anterolateral femoral skin flap has less variation of its pedicle and high success rate of operation. It is an ideal choice for repair of soft tissue defects in the extremities.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Femur ; Humans ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the effects of casein on iodine metabolism in blood,urine and thyroid of mice under excessive iodine.Methods A 2 by 3 factorial design was used in the experiment.The levels of iodine and casein were 50 and 600 μg/L in drinking water and 0( Ⅰ ),10％( Ⅱ ),20％( m ) in food,respectively.After six and twelve months,iodine content in serum,thyroid gland and urine was determined by arsenic-cerium catalyzed spectrophotometry.Results In six months,the levels of serum iodine in 50 Ⅰ,50 Ⅱ,50Ⅲ,600 Ⅰ,600 Ⅱ,and 600Ⅲ groups were (85.59 ± 8.78),(64.59 ± 9.06),(72.53 ± 11.69),(110.04 ± 9.37),(81.06 ± 9.94),(86.63 ± 19.59)μg/L,respectively; the levels of iodine content in thyroid gland were (0.21 ± 0.09),(0.29 ±0.08),(0.24 ± 0.05),(0.50 ± 0.10),(0.37 ± 0.13),(0.42 ± 0.12)g/kg,respectively; the levels of urinary iodine median were 87.5,68.1,105.5,746.5,828.3,1014.2 μg/L,respectively.The variance analysis results of factorial design showed iodine and casein significantly influenced the serum iodine level(F =27.95,18.52,all P ＜0.05),however,there was no interaction between the two(F =0.81,P ＞ 0.05); iodine significantly influenced the iodine content in thyroid gland(F =31.35,P ＜ 0.05),the presence of iodine interacted with casein(F =3.34,P ＜0.05).In twelve months,the levels of serum iodine were (88.54 ± 12.33),(72.45 ± 7.73),(72.93 ± 13.61),( 106.26 ± 12.00),(90.03 ± 7.90),( 104.88 ± 11.67)μg/L,respectively; the levels of iodine content in thyroid gland were (0.58 ± 0.12),(0.40 ± 0.14),(0.69 ± 0.16),(0.84 ± 0.13),(0.89 ± 0.13),(1.02 ± 0.11 )g/kg,respectively;the levels of urinary iodine median were 104.8,121.5,102.7,829.1,1080.8,895.2 μg/L,respectively.The variance analysis results of factorial design showed iodine and casein significantly influenced the iodine content in serum and thyroid gland (F =42.78,7.42 and 66.62,7.90,all P ＜ 0.05),however,there was no interaction between the two(F =1.93,2.31,all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Long-term intake of iodine can significantly increase the iodine content in serum,thyroid gland and urine,but casein may accelerate iodine excretion and partly reduce the effect.

OBJECTIVETo analyze sequences of the housekeeping genes including recA, dnaE, and mdh in different serogroups or different biotypes of Vibrio cholerae (VC) strains isolated from China.

METHODS AND RESULTSrecA, dnaE, and mdh genes of Vibrio cholerae were obtained by PCR, sequenced and analyzed. Forty-four variable bases were identified in the 500 bases of recA gene of 18 VC strains, and the mutation of only 3 variable bases could result in changes of 2 amino acids. In the 600 bases of dnaE genes of 18 strains, 32 variable bases were found and only 1 contributed to an amino acid change. In the 367 bases of mdh genes of 18 strains, only 1 variable base was identified whose mutation involved an amino acid convertion. Toxic EI Tor biotype (EVC) strains and toxic O139 serogroup strains were closely related. Non-toxic strains of different serogroups or types were lowly related. Non-toxic and toxic strains of different serogroups or types were lowly related.

CONCLUSIONToxic EVC and toxic O139 serogroup strains isolated from different areas of China may evolve from a common original strain, and toxic O139 VC strains may come from toxic EVC strains.

Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; China ; DNA Polymerase III ; genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Rec A Recombinases ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Vibrio cholerae ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification

Traditional theories suggest that tumor growth occurs when all tumor cells work together and result in proliferation, so treatment has been mainly directed against the majority of the cells in tumor tissue, which often relapse, metastasize, and lead to treatment failure. As cancer stem cells have been successfully isolated from different tumor tissues, in-depth study of their function in relation to traditional cancer treatment faces enormous challenges. At the same time, a new theoretical basis has been provided for the in-depth study of tumorigenesis and the evaluation of prognosis of cancer therapy. Also, new ideas have been introduced for cancer therapy. Therefore, radical treatment of cancer can be achieved through killing cancer stem cells. This article reviews the research progress on cancer stem cells and their drug resistance.
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; metabolism ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; DNA Repair ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; drug effects ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic effect of silver nitrate ointment on partial-thickness burn wounds, and observe its side-effects.

METHODSMulti-center, randomized, positive drug paralleled self-controlled trial was carried out. Eighty patients with superficial partial-thickness burns, and 40 with deep-partial thickness burns were randomized into AgNO3 group and SD-Ag group according to drug topically applied to the wounds. The wound healing time, wound healing rate and bacterial culture of the wound, the effect and safety of the drug, as well as drug irritation to the wounds were studied in these two groups.

RESULTSFor the patients with superficial partial-thickness burn wounds, the wound healing time in silver nitrate group was (9.5 +/- 2.7) days, which was obviously shorter than that in SD-Ag group [(10.8 +/- 3.4) days, P <0.01]. The wound healing rate in silver nitrate group on 7 post-burn day ( PBD) was (77.9 +/- 20.5)%, which was obviously higher than that in SD-Ag group [(67.3 +/- 22.6) %, P < 0.01]. For those with deep-partial thickness burn wounds, the wound healing time in silver nitrate group was (21.5 +/- 4.8) days, which was evidently shorter than that in SD-Ag group [(23.3 +/- 6.4) days, P <0.01]. The wound healing rate in silver nitrate group on 20 PBD was (86.6 +/- 15.9)%, which was evidently higher than that in SD-Ag group [(78.5 +/- 17.7)%, P < 0.01]. Silver nitrate ointment has the same antibacterial effect as 1% SD-Ag cream, but it was less painful when applied to the open wounds.

CONCLUSIONSilver nitrate ointment is an effective and safe medicament for the clinical management of partial-thickness burn wounds.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local ; therapeutic use ; Burns ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ointments ; Silver Nitrate ; therapeutic use ; Silver Sulfadiazine ; therapeutic use ; Wound Healing