BACKGROUND: Malnutrition and overnutrition are the two problems during growth and development of high-school students.OBJECTIVE: To understand the situation and relevant factors of malnutrition and overnutrition of high-school students.DESIGN: Transverse investigation was designed.SETTING: Health Supervision Institute of Chongqing Health Bureau; Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences; the Eighth Middle School of ChongqingPARTICIPANTS: Totally 896 students in 15 classes were collected from one full-time middle school in Shapingba district in Chongqing by cluster sampling method from March to May 2004. The students were excluded if they suffered from hereditary metabolic disease and secondary pathological malnutrition or obesity due to trauma or other diseases. All of participants were in the known in the investigation. Of those, 826 students filled up the questionnaire in detail (the effective rate was 92.19%), in which, 414 students were male and 412 students female, aged varied from 13 to 18 years.METHODS: The students chose were in the investigation with questionnaire and the contents of it included basic physical situation, state of sickness, situation of parents, dietary behavior, nutritional knowledge, dietary habits, etc. The students filled up the questionnaire by them own and handed over on the spot. The evaluation of student nutrition state adopted the heights and body masses in recent physical examination scale, in reference to the criteria in "height and body mass of Chinese students aged from 7 to 22 years". The standard body mass was 80% of body masses of people with same height, based on which, the standard body mass was 100%, that less than the standard by 90% was taken as malnutrition and more than it by 120% was taken as obesity. Non-conditional logistic stepwise regression was used to analyze the data so as to probe into the factors of malnutrition and obesity in middle-school students.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Morbidity of malnutrition and obesity in middle-school students. [2] Factors of malnutrition and obesity in middle-school students.RESULTS: Totally 826 students entered result analysis. [1] Morbidity of malnutrition and obesity: it was 9.44% and 24.21% respectively, in which,the morbidity of malnutrition.for female was higher than male [4.84%,14.08% (x2=15.1036, P ＜ 0.05)] and the morbidity of obesity in male was higher than female [30.09%, 18.2% (x2=10.5737, P ＜ 0.05)]. [2] Factors of malnutrition and obesity: significant correlation was present between malnutrition and 5 factors, named sex, indulgence in or being choosy food,sleeping time, breakfast and animal internal organs (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). Significant correlation was present between obesity and 5 factors, named sex,body mass index of father, eating velocity, midnight snack and indulgence in or being choosy food (P ＜ 0.05-0.01).CONCLUSION: It is discovered in the investigation that the morbidity of malnutrition and obesity in middle-school students are very high and that is all closely related to sex and indulgence in or being choosy food. In order to correct malnutrition and obesity in middle-school students, it is necessary to provide correct nutritional knowledge and help them arranging diet rationally and establishing healthy life pattern.

OBJECTIVE To understand the related factors,the situation and dynamics of hospital infection in order to effectively prevent and control it.METHODS From 12306 cases of inpatients who had investigated retrospectively,706 cases were with nosocomial infection monitored from Jan to Dec 2006.RESULTS The hospital infection rate was 5.74% in 2006.The hematological disease and,cancer patients and the elderly,were the high-risk population.The main infection site was the respiratory tract.Fungi accounted for 21.35%,the top was the Candida albicans.CONCLUSIONS To strengthen the training of medical staff,to monitor the key departments of hematology and cancer and respiratory diseases and to attend the disease surveillance and rationally use of antibiotics are the effective measures to reduce hospital-acquired infections.

Objective To discuss the effective measures for skin allergy caused by hyaline mem-brane after deep venous catheterization. Methods Patients (102 eases) were divided into the control group(50 cases) and the test group(52 cases).3M hyaline membrane was patched on the skin directly to fix the catheter after successful puncture in the control group.While in the test group 3M hyaline membrane was patched on the skin after 3M painless protective membrane was sprayed on the skin. Results The incidence of skin allergy in the test group was lower than that of the control group. Conclusions Spray of 3M painless protective membrane before usage of hyaline membrane to fix the catheter could prevent the incidence of skin allergy after deep venous catheterization.

ObjectiveTo observe effect of head and body acupuncture and moxibustion on stroke.Methods183 stroke patients were randomly divided into 3 groups, head acupuncture and moxibustion, body acupuncture and moxibustion, and head body acupuncture and moxibustion. After two months treatment, effects of 3 groups were evaluated.ResultsThere were no differences between head group and body group, body group and head body group, but there was significantly difference between head body group and head group (P<0.05).ConclusionThe head body acupuncture and moxibustion can gain the best clinical effect on stroke patients compared with simply head or body acupuncture and moxibustion.

Objective To reveal and forecast the incidence trend of Brucellosis, in order to provide acientific basis for future intervention and policy-making. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze and statistically describe the distribution of the disease in different times, different locations and different (7.0783/10 million to 13.1257/10 million) and Qingxu ( 1.4811/10 million to 8.5241/10 million) were higher,followed by Yangqu county(0 to 5.8232/10 million), Xiaodian(0.8108/l0 million to 2.4229/10 million) and Jinyuan district ( 0.5329/ 10 million to 1.5896/10 million), and the remaining counties(districts) in the annual There were 223 cases of Brucellosis patients from 2006 to 2009 in Taiyuan. Vocational high risk population was farmers, with a total of 140 cases, accounting for 62.78% of the total number of incidence, followed by students and workers, respectively, 13, 14 cases, accounting for 5.83% and 6.28%, other occupational groups, 56 cases,77.58%;28 cases aged above 60 years, accounting for 12.56%;22 cases aged younger than 19 years, accounting identical in the four years, most cases occurred in spring and summer and showing a clear seasonal high.Conclusions The incidence trend of Brucellosis is on the rise from 2006 to 2009. High risk population is farmer,and the number of younger patients is on the rise, we propose strengthen protection for high risk groups.

Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Prostaglandins E ; therapeutic use ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Research Design

Objective To investigate the causes and managements of dys-seal syndrome (DSS) developed after esophageal stent placement. Methods From June 2001 to June 2008, esophageal stenting was performed in 98 consecutive patients with malignant esophageal obstruction. A total of 99 metallic stents were used. Of 98 patients. gastroesophageal anastomosis stricture was seen in 19, preoperative radiotherapy history in 26 and tracheoesophageal fistula in 34. Results DSS occurred in 7 patients, with an occurrence rate of 7.14% ,which was significant higher than that in patients with preoperative radiotherapy history and in patients showing marked dilated esophagus proximal to the obstructed site (X~2=0.017, 0.005, P=0.036, 0.013, respectively). After treatment, such as fasting, IPN or nasogastric feeding,only 1 case retumed to semi-liquid diet. Among the rest 6 cases of DSS, an additional stent was employed in one (but in vain), nasogastric feeding tube was used in 2, and removal of the stent under endoscopic guidance was carried out in 3. Conclusion DSS is one of the complications developed after esophageal stent placement, its prognosis is rather poor. Removal of the inserted stent may be the optimal treatment. The prevention of DSS includes proper pre-operation evaluation, selection of suitable stent, enhancement of perioperative nutritional support, etc.

Objective To investigate the effects of heart displacement on hemodynamics during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OP-CABG) while the sites for anastomosis were being exposed. Methods Forty-seven patients of both sexes (36 male, 11 female) aged 50-82 years undergoing OP-CABG were enrolled in the study. Preoperative cardiac function was assessed : class Ⅱ in 22 patients; Ⅲ in 23 and Ⅳ in 2 according to NYHA classification.The mean ejection fraction was 0.55?0.14 before surgery.They received on average 3.2 grafts. Premedication consisted of intramuscular morphine 10 mg, midazolam 3-5 mg and scopolamine 0.3 mg.Before induction of anesthesia ECG and SpO2 were monitored and radial artery was cannulated for continuous direct BP monitoring. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.1 nig?kg-1 , fentanyl 4?g?kg-1 and pancuronium 0.1 mg?g-1 iv.The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation and PETCO2 was maintained at about 40 mm Hg. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and 50%-60% N2O in O2 and intermittent intravenous boluses of fentanyl and pancuronium. Swan-Ganz catheter which can continuously monitor mixed venous blood O2 saturation (SvO2) was placed in pulmonary artery via right internal jugular vein. SvO2, cardiac output (CO), BP, pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and HR were continuously monitored. Right atrial pressure (RAP) and PAWP were measured intermittently. Cardiac index (CI),stroke index (SI),systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI),PVRI, left and right ventricular work index (LVWI,RVWI) and left and right ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI,RVSWI) were calculated. The hemodynamic parameters were recorded after induction of anesthesia before surgery (T1,baseline),before heart displacement (T2), while anastomosis to anterior descending branch was being made (T3), while anastonosis to right coronary artery or posterior descending branch (T4) and to left circumflex artery or diagonal branch (T5) was being made, after normal heart position was resumed (T6) and at the end of operation (T7). Results While anastomosis to the anterior descending branch was being made (T3) SI and LVSWI significantly decreased as compared with the baseline (P

The polymorphism of (AT) repeat within the 3' untranslated region in exon 3 of CTLA-4 gene was evaluated by PCR-SSCP in 139 patients with Graves' disease (GD) and 110 normal subjects in Tianjin. The gene frequency of 106 bp in patients with GD was significantly increased than that in the control group (RR =1.992,P

The kinetics of nicotine degradation by O.intermedium DN2 and its application in tobacco waste were investigated. The results showed that the optimum temperature of nicotine degradation by O.intermedium was 30 ℃, the pH value was 6.5 and a mount of inoculum was 5 %. Under above conditions, the kinetics of nicotine degradation of initial concentration 500 mg/L was studied. The results indicated that the degradation process of nicotine with no-induced strain DN2 followed inverse S-shaped curve, and degradation process of nicotine with induced cells of DN2 followed Eckenfelder mode. The half life of nicotine degradation was 17.43 h and 4.10 h, respectively. And the results also showed that tolerance of O.intermedium DN2 to nicotine was up to 5000 mg/L when 0.1 % of glucose was added. Nicotine (2 220 mg/L) in extract of tobacco wastes degraded about 95.22 % by strain DN2 in 60 h incubation, indicating that strain DN2 was of application value in treatment nicotine pollution.