Animals ; Endothelium, Vascular ; injuries ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Infusions, Intravenous ; methods ; Injections ; methods ; Male ; Rabbits ; Syringes

Objective To discuss the management, complication and effectiveness of establishing a prolonged hemodialysis access with a long-term venous indwelling catheter. Methods During the penod of July 2007-February 2009, a total of 64 long-term venous indwelling catheters for hemodialysis were placed in 62 patients with terminal chronic renal insufficiency. Results Of the total 64 catheter-placements, 62 were pereformed under DSA guidance and 2 at bed-side. Because of blocked flow, adjustment of the catheter was carried out in 4 cases, replacement of catheter in 2 cases and thrombolytic therapy in one case. In 62 patients, the arterial flow rate after the procedure reached to 230-300ml/min. In 57 cases the indwelling catheter remained in working condition so far. Five cases died within 6 months. Conclusion For establishing a prolonged hemodialysis access. The placement of a long-term venous indwelling catheter is feasible. The main complication is the blocked flow. Which is mainly related to the disposition of the catheter itself or its tip. The right intemal jugular vein is the indwelling site of choice, the tip of double-lumen catheter should be within the superior vein cava. With the help of DSA guidance, the procedure can be performed accurately, safely and easily.

0.05). Regarding to the grade of irradiation mucositis, the majority of patients in the treatment group were at stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ,while those in the control at stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ(P0.05).No adverse drug reaction was observed in both groups during irradiation process.Conclusion:Actovegin can postpone the development of irradiation oropharyngeal mucositis and decrease the incidence of gradeⅢ and Ⅳmucositis.

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a simple biological labora-tory animal, with similar biological structure and physiological functions to mammals. Almost transparent embryos, in vitro de-velopment of embryos and up to 87% of human genetic similari- ties enable a wide application of zebrafish in the field of pharma-ceutical research. In this paper, we have studied the application of zebrafish in drug metabolism, the research of Chinese medi-cine, the evaluation of drug toxicology and safety, the screening of drugs and the discovery of new drugs, the research of regener- ative drugs, so as to provide new ideas of zebrafish in the field of pharmacy.

AIM: To construct a recombinant adenovirus vector carrying AFP promoter to specifically express a targeting gene in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. METHODS: Based on the Adeno-X~TM Expression system, the CMV promoter was replaced by a 300 bp a-fetoprotein promoter. The EGFP(enhanced green fluorescent protein) gene as a report gene was inserted to the multiple-cloning site(MCS). The normal liver LO2 cells, hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and HeLa cells were infected by the recombinant adenovirus, respectively. Northern blotting and fluorescence microscope were used to detect the transcription level of EGFP gene and its protein expression, respectively. RESULTS: Northern blotting showed that the target gene was markedly transcribed in HepG2 cells, but slightly in LO2 and HeLa cells. Under the fluorescence microscope, strong EGFP expression was seen in HepG2 cells but very weakly in HeLa and LO2 cells. CONCLUSION: Under the control of the 300 bp human AFP promoter, the target gene carried by the recombinant adenovirus was expressed in the AFP-producing HepG2 cells at a very high level, but not or very weakly in AFP negative cells. This adenovirus system can be used as a new, potent and specific approach for the gene-targeting therapy for the AFP producing primary hepatoma. [

Objective To evaluate the success rate, safety and efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) after Billroth Ⅱ gastrectomy. Methods Data of 75 patients with biliary disease after Billroth Ⅱ gastrectomy, who underwent ERCP from January 2007 to November 2009, were retrospectively analyzed. Results In 75 patients, afferent loop intubation was achieved in 69 (92%) and selective cannulation of bile duct were successful in 68 (68/69, 98. 5%). Diagnostic procedures were carried out in 3 patients, and therapeutic in 65 others, which included EST plus stone removal and ENBD in 16, ERBD in 19, EMBE in 18 and EBD plus stone removal and ENBD in 12. Afferent loop perforation occurred in 1 patient (1.3%) and was treated surgically, and 2 acute pancreatitis (2. 6%) were treated conservatively.There was no complication of bleeding. Conclusion ERCP after Billroth Ⅱ gastrectomy is safe and efficiency for biliary disease.

Objective To investigate the correlation between dose volume histogram(DVH)of tumor targets and organs at risk(OAR)at CT-image based 192Ir brachytherapy and effects and complications for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Methods Ten patients with FIGO stage ⅢB cervical cancer received CT image-based 192Ir intracavitary brachytherapy after 54 Gy of three-dimentional four-field pelvic external beam radiotherapy and concurrent weekly cisplatin chemotherapy. Before each brachytherapy,CT images were acquired with applicators in place. Gross tumor volume(GTV), clinical target volume (CTV)and OAR were contoured and inverse treatment planning was designed and optimized by using PLATO treatment planning system. Conventional two-dimensional plans were also designed for comparison.The total intracavitary brachytherapy dose was 30 -42 Gy in 5 -7 fractions. The patients were followed, and the local control and complications were analyzed. The biologically equivalent dose(BED)and biologically equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions(BED2)for GTV, CTV and OAR were calculated. The minimum dose in the most irradiated tissue volume 2 cm3(D2 cm3)adjacent to the applicator of the sigmoid colon, rectum,bladder and small bowel was determined from the DVH. Results The 1-year local pelvic control rate was 90% and grade 1-2 late complication of sigmoid colon and rectum was 50%. No grade 3 or more complications developed. On CT-image based planning, the BED and BED2 to 90% of the CTV(D90)were 95.50 Gy ± 7. 81 Gy and 79. 73 Gy ± 6. 57 Gy. The BED and BED2 to 90% of the GTV(D90)were 101.86 Gy ± 7.27 Gy and 84. 95 Gy ± 6. 1 Gy. The volume enclosed by 90% of prescribed dose(V90)for GTV and CTV were 92% ±4% and 87% ±7% respectively. The D2cm3 for rectum and sigmoid colon were 74. 97 Gy ±1.64 Gy and 67. 93 Gy ± 4. 30 Gy(EQD2, α/β = 3). Comparing with 2D brachytherapy plans , CT - image based planning has improved D90 and V90 for GTV and CTV with similar dose at point A and rectum reference point. Conclusions Computer tomography-image based 192Ir brachytherapy has resulted in the better dose distribution to the tumor targets with excellent tumor control and acceptable toxicity.

Objective To investigate the early effect of medium-dose ionic irradiation on the expression of Fos protein in the rat brain. Methods Fos protein was observed in rat brains at times ranging from 24 hours to 4 weeks after hemispheric irradiation (single-fraction maximal dose of 20Gy) with the immunohistochemical technique. Results Compared with that of the un-radiated rats,the expression of Fos protein in the irradiated brain decreased distinctly 24 hours and 1 week after irradiation.However,the quantity of Fos immunopositive cells increased gradually afterwards.At four weeks after radiation,expression of Fos protein recovered progressively in medulla oblongata and pons,in which Fos immunopositive cells were more than those in control group.In contrast,expression level of Fos protein in mesencephalon,diencephalons or telencephalon was still less compared with that of the un-irradiated rats.Conclusion The result suggested that the neuronal activity might be inhibited in certain nuclei of the rat brain in early stages after hemisphere irradiation,and this inhibitory phenomenon was more obviously in higher neural centers.

The optimum condition of shaking-flask p roducing enzyme were the tempe rature 26℃,initial pH 6 4,fermentation period 19 hours,medium volume 15mL m e dium/300mL Flask.soymilk-clotting enzyme was obtained from ammonium sulfate p r ecipitation.The optimum temperature and pH for the soymilk-clotting activity wa s 70℃and 5 8.The enzyme was easy to lose activity in acid or alkaline circumst a nce.About 60% of the original activity remained after 1 hour at 60℃.Ca 2+ ,Fe 2+ , Mg 2+ ,Na +increased the clotting activity,whereas Zn 2+ ,Al 3+ ca use inhibition.

OBJECTIVE: To observe whether HSP70 could protect against H2O2-induced apoptosis in C2C12 myogenic cells by inhibiting Smac release from the mitochondria. METHODS: HSP70 gene and full length Smac gene was transiently transfected in C2C12 myogenic cells by lipofectamine and the protein levels of HSP70 and Smac were analysed by Western blotting. Hoechst 33 258 staining was used to examine cell morphological changes and to calculate percentage of apoptotic nuclei. DNA ladder pattern on agarose gel electrophoresis was used to observe the DNA fragmentation. Activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were assayed with Western blotting. The release of Smac from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm was observed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS: H2O2 ( 0.5 mmol/L ) activated caspase-3, caspase-9 8 h after the treatment and specific morphological changes of apoptosis 12 h after the treatment, and overexpression of Smac significantly promoted H2O2-induced activation of caspase-3, caspase-9 and apoptosis in C2C12 myogenic cells. HSP70 overexpression significantly inhibited H2O2-induced and Smac-promoted apoptosis, as shown by no specific DNA ladder pattern in agarose gel electrophoresis, decrease of percentage of apoptotic nuclei, and marked inactivation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. HSP70 could inhibit the release of Smac from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm 2 h after the treatment by H2O2. CONCLUSION HSP70 inhibits Smac release from the mitochondria and protects against H2O2-induced apoptosis in C2C12 myogenic cells.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; Cells, Cultured ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; Mitochondria, Heart ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Myoblasts ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; metabolism