Objective To establish the quality standard for Zaizao Nongsuo Wan. Methods Artificial Calculus Bovis, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Rhizoma Coptidis and Herba Ephedrae were identified by TLC. The content of Muscone was determined by GC. Results Under the selected conditions, the clear and distinguished spots were obtained. For content determination, the linear range of Muscone was 0.101 2 ? g～ 1.012 ? g, r=0.999 9, the average recovery was 99.11 % ( n=5) and RSD was 3.59 % . Conclusion The methods are proved to be simple, specialization with a good reproducibility, and can be used to control the quality of Zaizao Nongsuo Wan.

OBJECTIVETo explore the alterations of after depolarization and triggered activity in myocardiac muscle during progression of mouse aortic stenosis.

METHODSAfter the establishment of mouse aortic stenosis model, the heart was collected and intracellular potential was recorded using standard glass microelectrode. After the recording, the action potential (AP), early after depolarization (EAD), delayed after depolarization (DAD) in papillary muscles were analysed.

RESULTS(1) Compared with that of time-matched control mice, there were no changes of the action potoutial duration at 90% repolarization(APD90) in model mice at 2 and 5 weeks, whereas the APD90 was progressively prolonged at 9 and 13 weeks. (2) During the 30 minites of the experiment, spontaneous EADs and DADs were frequently present in medel mice at 9 and 13 weeks, were not in control and model mice at 2 and 5 weeks. (3) Compared with those of control group, EADs and DADs triggered by hypokalaemia or isoproterenol were increased significantly. The incidence rate of triggering EADs and DADs was progressively increased over time.

CONCLUSIONEAD, DAD and trigger activities increase gradually during the process of aortic stenosis, and it suggests that the myocardium electrical-instability is markedly increased in the insult hearts.

Action Potentials ; physiology ; Animals ; Aortic Valve Stenosis ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Mice ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo find the characteristic parameters from electrocardiogram (ECG) which is most related to pathological progress, surface ECG was performed in mice at 2, 5, 9 and 13 week post surgery.

METHODSElectrocardiogram recordings: The mice were anaesthetized with tribromoethanol (250 mg/kg, i.p.). Lead II surface ECG were acquired by using the Biopac System MP150 at a rate of 5 kHz.

RESULTS(1) No arrhythmia was observed in Sham and 2-week Band mice. Spontaneous arrhythmias were observed in ECG recordings, with an incidence of 15%, 28% and 63% in 5-, 9- and 13-week Band mice, respectively. Tachyarrhythmias, such as frequent premature ventricular extrasystole, bigeminy, trigeminy, and paroxysmal tachycardia were found. (2) Analysis of ECG recordings revealed a significant prolongation of QT and QTc intervals. Compared with age-matched Sham mice, the increment in QT and QTc intervals was 20.4%, 32.7%, 49.7%, 61.0% and 27.1%, 32.1%, 43.9%, 59.1% at 2, 5, 9 and 13 week, respectively (P < 0.01). (3) The characteristic change in electrocardiogram was on the J wave. The amplitude of J wave was upward in Sham mice, and it was significantly flattened or inverted in Band mice. (4) Except that RR interval at 2 week showed a slight decrease, there was no significant change in PR interval and RR interval in Band mice.

CONCLUSIONIn the present study, we found that the increase incidence of spontaneous arrhythmias, prologation of QT interval and changes in the amplitude of the J wave in the surface ECG during progression of mouse cardiac hypertrophy and failure, and the progressive pattern indicated that a gradual aggravation of the ventricular repolarization delay in this mouse model.

Animals ; Cardiomegaly ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electrocardiography ; Male ; Mice

Icarrin is the main monomer extracted and purified from Epimedium koreanum Nakai. Using dependentcell lines and LDH release assay,the synergistic effects of icarrin on inducing IL-2, 3, 6 and enhancing NK,LAK cell activity were studied. Results showed that icarrin can induce tonsil mononuclear cells to produce IL-2, IL-3,and IL-6 in collaboration with PHA in a dose-dependent manner. IL-2 and IL-6 peaked at 48h after reaction,and IL-3 peaked at 72h. Icarrin enhanced NK and LAK cell activity dose-dependentlylthe LAK activitypeaked on the 5th day. These results suggested that icarrin may be an effective BRM agent

Objective To investigate the electrocardiogram analysis of electronic colonoscopy on patients with coronary artery heart disease,and to evaluate the safety of colonoscopy on patients with coronary artery heart disease.Methods Sixty patients who underwent colonoscopy from Jun.2012 to Jun.2013 were divided into experimental group (patients with coronary artery heart disease,Heart function class Ⅰ-Ⅲ) and control group (patients without coronary artery heart disease).The changes of electrocardiography during colonoscopy and before performance were compared between two groups through dynamic electrocardiogram.Results Heart rate of the two groups were no statistically significant difference before colonoscopy process (t =0.537,P ＞ 0.05).During the inspection process,there was heart rate increase at different degree in two groups.The heart rate in patients of experiments group was increased from (73.20 ± 7.91) times/min to (88.67 ± 7.79) times/min,which waas more than that in control group (from (73.40 ±6.44) times/min to (74.88 ±7.82) times/min),and the difference between the two groups was significant(t =4.462,P ＜ 0.05).During colonoscopy inspection,the arrhythmia rate arrhythmia in experiment and control group were 46.67％ (14/30),20.00％ (6/30),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =4.8,P ＜0.05).Meanwhile,ST-T change rates in experimental group and control group were 26.7％ (8/30) and 10.0％ (3/30) (x2 =45.72,P ＜ 0.05).The rate of subjective discomfort the two groups were 40％,30％ (x2 =0.659,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion During the inspection process of colonoscopy,patients with coronary heart disease are more susceptible to increase heart rate,cardiac arrhythmia,ST-T change than those without coronary heart disease.However,no serious electrocardiographic changes.It is relatively safe to get colonoscopy in patients with coronary heart disease.

Objective To investigate the relationship between cross‐sectional area (CSA) and average CT value of posterior vertebral extensor group and bone mineral density(BMD) in postmenopausal women .Methods Totally 114 postmenopausal women being eligible for inclusion were enrolled .All the subjects ,ages range from 55 to 87 years old ,underwent quantitative computed tomography(QCT) scans from December 2015 to December 2016 in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital .The original image was transmitted to the image postprocessing workstation ,using Mindways QCT Pro software ,vertebral bone mineral density of L2-L4 were meas‐ured .CSA and average CT value of bilateral posterior vertebral muscles were measured by 2 diagnostic physicians in the L4 verte‐bral body horizontal axis CT images ,and analyzed respectively .Results Average CT values of posterior vertebral muscles between the left and the right side had a significant difference (P<0 .01) .The average CT value of bilateral posterior vertebral muscles was positively correlated with lumbar bone mineral density measured by QCT(P<0 .01) .There was no significant correlation between the CSA of posterior vertebral extensor group and BMD .Conclusion The loss of posterior vertebral muscle mass may be an impor‐tant risk factor for osteoporosis .The average CT value of posterior vertebral extensor group is more promising than CSA in the e‐valuation of the degenerative muscles .

Objective To explore the clinical features and treatment of eosinophilic lymphoid granuloma(ELG) in children,in order to increase understanding of the disease.Methods Clinical features,laboratory examination,pathological examination,treatment and the-(rapeutic) effect of 5 patients with ELG were retrospectively studied,and the related literature were reviewed.Results Five cases were all boys.They all presented many subcutaneous swellings and lymphadenopathy.A case among them was associated with nephrotic syndrome,and 2 cases had the complication of eczema repeatedly,and 1 case ever had 2 times episodes of asthmatiform bronchitis.All of them had no hepatomegaly and splenomegaly,physically was well developed.Only chemotherapy was supplied to all the patients.During the course of therapy,4 cases among them recurred.After that,they were successfully treated with irradiation of lesion or cyclosporine(CsA).Conclusions ELG in children is as same as adult in clinicopathological features.It tends recur only with chemotherapy.We can get better curative effect with the synthetic treatment of chemotherapy,radiotherapy,operation or oral CsA and so on.

Objective To assess and analyze the current status of clinical guidelines for hypertension in the world by using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) instrument.Methods The clinical guidelines for hypertension were identified and approved by searching China hownet,WANFANG database,PUBMED database,MEDLINE,Embase and related institutions and authorization web site from 1995 to January 2012,and relevant Web sites of agencies and organizations that produce and/or endorse guidelines.Names of the guidelines,published years and organizations,methodology of development and reference number were descriptively analyzed.AGREE instrument was used to evaluate the qualities of latest edited clinical guidelines for hypertension in countries all over the world.Results Nine guidelines were enrolled.The results showed that the hypertension guidelines scored the highest average of 88.4％ for clarity of presentation and reliability field; for applicability fields,scored an average of 86.1％; the scope and goal field scored an average of 83.8％; participants field scored an average of 71.7％; editorial independence field scored an average of 64.1％ ; rigor of development field scored the lowest average of 62.9％.The overall assessment showed that NICE 2011,Canada 2012,ESC 2009,Australia 2010 editions were the positively recommended guidelines,JNC7,Japan 2009,China Taiwan 2010,China 2010,South Africa 2011 editions were the recommended guidelines (still need to supplement and improve).No recommend or uncertain guide was found.Conclusions The quality of the hypertension guidelines is higher in general,but some common deficiency in the rigor of development and editorial independence in Asian and African guidelines formulated by the states still exists.There still exist certain gaps in evidence-based medical requirement.And the contents and quality are needed for further regulating and enhancing.A set of scientific systemic hypertension clinical guidelines evaluation system should be established.

Objective To investigate the effect of Bunao capsule on learning,memory and antioxidative abilities of rats with Alzhheimer’s disease(AD)induced by D-galactose combined with amyloid β-protein(Aβ25-35 ),and provide experimental basis for the prevention and treatemtn of AD. Methods A total of 90 SD male rats were randomly divided into model control group,piracetam group,sham operated group,Bunao capsule(0.79,1.58,3.15 g·kg-1 )groups(n= 15 each).The rat models were established by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose and injection of Aβ25-35 into the bilateral lateral cerebral ventricle.Then rats were given corresponding drugs by gavage in different groups for 8 weeks.The learning and memory abilities were meseured by Morris water maze test.The morphology of brain cells was observed by HE staining.The activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and superoxide dismutase( SOD),and the malondialdehyde( MDA)contents in the brain tissues were measured by spectrophotometry. Results The target quadrant residence time was(20.39±7.75)s and(20.82±5.09)s in Bunao capsule (1.58,3.15 g·kg-1 )groups,which were significantly increased as compared with that in model control group[(12. 35 ± 6.95)s](P<0.01).Brain nerve cell morphology in Bunao capsule(1.58,3.15 g·kg-1 )groups was obviously improved as compared with that in model control group,and was close to that in sham operated group.The activities of GSH-Px and SOD were significantly increased,and MDA contents decreased in Bunao capsule groups as compared with those in model control group (P<0.01). Conclusion Bunao capsule can dose-dependently improve the learning,memory and antioxidative abilities of AD rats.The mechanism may involve upregulation of antioxidative enzyme activities and removal of oxidative products.

Diagnostic Errors ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; Meningioma ; Myocardial Infarction ; diagnosis