Curcumin is a principal polyphenolic curcuminoid extracted from turmeric rhizome, which has been used for treating inflammation of joints, ulcers, jaundice and other disorders in Asian traditional medicine. In recent years, many studies have indicated that curcumin plays important roles in treatment of liver diseases. Curcumin attenuates liver injury and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by lowering the release of inflammation cytokines, minimizing oxidative stress, enhancing the sensitivity of insulin and altering lipid metabolism. Curcumin shows potent anti-fibrosis activity, contributing to inhibit the activation of hepatic stellate cells and reduce the deposition of extracellular matrix by its regulation of PPAR-γ, NF-ΚB and TGF-β signaling pathways. Moreover, curcumin exhibits anti-cancer effect by inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in several hepatoma cell lines. However, poor water solubility and low bioavailability of curcumin limit its clinical applications. To overcome its limited systemic bioavailability, many new approaches have been explored to deliver curcumin effectively. This article focuses on advances in the effects of curcumin and its derivatives for treatment of liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinoma.
Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Curcumin ; pharmacology ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; drug effects ; Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; Liver Diseases ; drug therapy ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; PPAR gamma ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; metabolism

One case of Klinefelter syndrome with complicated 46,XY/47,XXY/48,XXXXY and metabolic syndrome was reported.

To design the lecture introduction of the sketch of RPD in prosthodontics by the following ways: such as textbooks, teaching aim, the key and difficulty points in teaching, the arrangement of the lecture, the preparation of teaching aids, learning, teaching methods process, preparation, situation creation, leading-in of new lessons, discussion, impartment and points, case demonstration, display of blackboard-writing, summary and conclusion as well.

Objective To investigate the protective effect and mechanisms of NF-?B decoy oli- godeoxynucleotides(ODNs)on rat liver graft following ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods Ani- mals were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=8 in each group):control group,ischemia-reperfusion (IR)group,and decoy ODNs group,in which donor grafts were transfected with 120?g NF-?B decoy ODNs before graft procurement.Following 2 h of reperfusion,Kupffer cells(KCs)were isolated,and NF-?B biding activity was detected with electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA),and TNF-?、IL- 6 mRNA expression was assayed by using RT-PCR method.Meanwhile,the liver and serum samples were collected,the histopathologic change of liver was examined by light microscope,and liver func- tion was analyzed.Results The NF-?B biding activity,TNF-?,IL-6 mRNA expression,and the ALT,TBIL levels in serum were significantly increased following 2 h of reperfusion in IR group as compared with those in control group(P＜0.01).A large amount of degeneration and necrosis in hep- atocytes accompanied with obvious congestion in hepatic sinusoid occurred.However,these tested in- dexes were significantly ameliorated in decoy ODNs group as compared with those in IR group(P＜0.01),and the architecture of hepatic lobules was remained.Conclusions KCs NF-?B activation fol- lowing reperfusion plays an important role in IRI in liver transplantation.Decoy strategy shows appar- ent effect on suppression of NF-?B activation,and thus inhibits the production of downstream cyto- kines,which protects the liver graft from IRI.

Dioscin, a typical saponin, is widely present in the family of Dioscoreaceae, Liliaceae, Caryophyllaceae and Rosaceae, especially in Dioscoreaceae, including Discorea nipponica Makino, Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright and Dioscorea panthaica Prain et Burkill. Traditional Chinese medicine reported that dioscin plays a role in expectorant, relaxing the muscles and stimulating the blood circulation, aiding digestion and diuresis. With the development of science and technology in recent years, some new extraction and separation techniques and methods have been applied to the study of dioscin, and more and more pharmacological effects were found. Modern pharmacology studies have confirmed that dioscin had some activities on desensitization, anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, anti-tumor, hepatoprotection and anti-viral. After oral administration, dioscin is metabolized to diosgenin, which is the true active ingredient and is an important raw material to synthesize steroid hormone drugs. Therefore, the studies on dioscin are valueable and promising. In this review, we make a summary on the researches of dioscin including the extraction technology, separation and prepara- tion, chemical synthesis, drug metabolism, determination and pharmacological researches.
Animals ; Biological Products ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Diosgenin ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Plant Extracts ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the effect of Shenmai injection on cytokines and ESAT-6/CFP-10 levels in patients with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)with pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods158 patients with COPD with pulmonary tuberculosis from the Department of Respiratory in our hospital were selected and divided into 2 groups, 79 cases in the control group treated with routine treatment, 79 cases in the experiment group treated with Shenmai injection on the basis of the control group, levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, serum ESAT-6 protein, CFP-10 protein, IFN-γ levels, cytokine levels, peripheral blood immune cell levels, and the clinical effect and the focus absorption efficiency were compared after the treatment.ResultsThe clinical total effective rate in the control group(84.81%)was lower than that in the experiment group(94.94%), with significant difference (P<0.05);the focus absorption efficiency in the control group(87.33%)was lower than that in the experiment group(96.21%), with significant difference (P<0.05);compared with the control group, serum ESAT-6 protein、 CFP-10 protein、IFN-γ levels were lower after treatment in the experiment group, the serum levels of TNF-α、IL-6、sIL-2R were lower, peripheral blood levels of NK cells, CD4+T lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ were higher, peripheral blood level of CD8+T lymphocytes was lower, with significant difference (P<0.05).ConclusionShenmai injection can significantly reduce the serum levels of TNF-α、IL-6、sIL-2R and ESAT-6/CFP-10 in patients with COPD with pulmonary tuberculosis, improve cellular immune function, promote the absorption of lesions effectively,and improve clinical efficacy.

Objective To study the imaging manifestations and clinical significance of simple cochlear nerve canal(CNC)stenosis. Methods The HRCT findings of 14 patients(1 7 ears)with simple CNC stenosis diagnosed sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL)were retrospectively analyzed.The width of CNC and internal auditory canal was measured and compared with the normal ears,the data were statisti-cally analyzed by SPSS1 6.0.Thin-sliced MRI of internal auditory canal (axial and oblique sagittal position)was performed in 8 cases. Results HRCT displayed obvious CNC stenosis in all 14 patients(1 7 ears),2 ears with cochlear nerve canal atresia.Width of CNC and internal auditory canal was (0.5±0.3)mm and (4.6±1.0)mm,it was (2.1±0.2)mm and (5.1 ±1.3)mm in normal ears (1 1 ears),the width of CNC was of significant difference between normal ears and ears with SNHL,and there was no statistical sig-nificant difference in width of internal auditory canal.12 ears(from 1 7 ears with simple CNC stenosis)were lacking of fissure in the cribriform area,1 1 ears(normal ear)were existence of fissure in the cribriform area;cochlear nerves were not shown in 8 patients with MRI examination.Conclusion CNC stenosis can be isolated from internal auditory canal stenosis,MRI could display cochlear nerve dysplasia(CND).

OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical efficacy and safety of Carboxymethylstarch sodium solution in auxiliary treatment of pediatric bronchial asthma. METHODS:Totally 102 children with bronchial asthma selected from our hospital during Mar. 2015-Mar. 2016 were divided into observation group and control group according to admission order,with 51 cases in each group. Control group was given aerosol inhalation of Budesonide suspension for inhalation 0.5-1 mg,tid+ aerosol inhalation of Ipratropi-um bromide solution for inhalation 1-2 mL+Ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution 2.5-15 mL,po, bid. Observation group was additionally given Carboxymethylstarch sodium solution 7 mL(1-<4 years old),10 mL(4-12 years old),po,tid. Both groups received treatment for 3 months. Clinical efficacy,the time of cough and wheezing relief,the time of lung wheezing disappearance,hospitalization time and the levels of immune indexes (IgG,IgM,IgA) were observed in 2 groups, and the occurrence of ADR was recorded. RESULTS:Total response rate of observation group(90.2%)was significantly higher than that of control group(70.6%),and the time of cough and wheezing relief,the time of lung wheezing disappearance and hospitaliza-tion time of observation group were significantly shorter than those of control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the levels of IgG,IgM and IgA between 2 groups before treatment(P>0.05). After treatment,above immune indexes of observation group were significantly higher than before treatment and control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). No obvious ADR was found in 2 groups during treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Carboxymethylstarch sodium solution in aux-iliary treatment of pediatric bronchial asthma shows good therapeutic efficacy and improves immunity of children with good safety.

For promoting the quality evaluation of Gardenia resource,a UPLC method for the determination of 4 compounds (geniposidic acid,geniposide,crocin-1 and crocin-2) in Gardeniae Fructus was established.The UPLC separation was performed on an Waters Acquity UPLC BEH-C18 (2.1 mm× 100 mm,1.7 μm) column eluted with the mobile phases of acetonitrile-0.1％ formic acid solution in a gradient mode at a flow rate of 0.3 mL· min-1.The detection wavelengths were 240 nm and 440 nm,respectively.Under the optimum conditions,the calibration curves of four analysis were linear in the range of 0.0065-0.0096 μg· mL-1,with correlation coefficients more than 0.9995.The limits of detection (LODs) of four analysis were in the range of 0.0386-0.1875 μg· mL-1.As the results of determination of 4 compounds of 12 batches of Gardeniae Fructus showed,there was great differences between the contents of the 4 compounds,the contents of geniposide were 2.44％-6.96％,while the contents of crocin-1 were 1.26％-3.04％.In addition,fingerprints of 12 batches of Gardenia resources were built using ChemPattern software,and analysis and exploration over the detection results of several samples were carried out using multivariate statistical method (similarity analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis).The present study provided a reference to value the importance of this method in the quality evaluation and quality control of Gardeniae resources and slices.

Licorice root has been frequently used as antitode in traditional Chinese medicine. As the main active component of Licorice root, glycyrrhetic acid (GA) is mainly metabolized in liver. This study was designed to investigate the in vitro metabolism of GA by human liver microsomes (HLM) and human recombinant cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms. The results indicated that GA was metabolized mainly by CYP3A4. The K(m), V(max) and CL(int) of GA in HLM were 18.6 micromol x L(-1), 4.4 nmol x mg(-1) (protein) x min(-1) and 0.237 mL x mg(-1) (protein) x min(-1), respectively. At concentration up to 50 micromol x L(-1), GA inhibited CYP2C19, CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 enzyme activities with the inhibitory potencies up to 50%.