The hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) results can reflect the average level of blood glucose over the past 2-3 months,its clinical application value is transforming from evaluation indicator to diagnosis indicator.The application of HbA1c as a diagnostic indicator of diabetes is limited by many factors,such as multi-factor influence on measurement and its late start on standardization process in our country,optimal cut-point and the defect of HbA1c existing in the molecular level,etc.Therefore,clarifying the limitations of HbA1c in the practical application is of great significance for its clinical application.

Objective To review our clinical experience on 12 patients with retroperitoneal infection who were treated with retroperitoneal laparoscopic debridement.Method This retrospective study included 12 patients with retroperitoneal infection who were treated with retroperitoneal laparoscopic dehridement and drainage.Results All the 12 patients recovered well and were finally discharged home.Conclusions Retroperitoneal laparoscopic debridement and drainage for retroperitoneal infection is a mini-invasive procedure.It was found to be safe,produced minimal bleeding and resulted in rapid postoperative recovery.It can be used as the first choice treatment in properly selected patients.

Communicable Diseases ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; genetics ; Influenza, Human ; diagnosis ; virology ; Microspheres ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; methods ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; methods ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Objective To study the value of microwave coagulation therapy for liver malignant tumors.Methods Under local anesthesia,19 cases with hepatic malignant tumors treated with microwave knife under CT-guided.Results There were totally 23 tumors in 19 cases,13 tumors with≤3.5 cm in diameters were destroyed absolutely after the first treatmet,10 tumors among them were followed-up for 6-12 months and no recurred.10 tumors with＞3.5 cm in diameters treated at multiple points or angle,3～6 months later,CT showed that the tumors were destroyed completely in 6 and mostly in 4,by the hot condensate treatment secondly,3 tumors of 4 were destroyed completely 3 months later.There were no obvious complications.Conclusion The therapeutic effect under CT-guided microwave coagulation therapy for liver tumor which are ≤3.5 cm in diameter of the tumors is very reliable,the tumors＞3.5 cm in diameter can be destroyed mostly or completely by microwave treatment.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of one stage posterior vertebral osteotomy for correction of severe and rigid congenital scoliosis associated with Ⅰ, Ⅱ type of diastematomyelia.Methods According to the diastematomyelia packet,52 patients were divided into type Ⅰ group performed with mediastinum resection combined with spinal osteotomy, group Ⅱ without treatment of diastematomyelia direct spinal osteotomy.Group Ⅲ spinal osteotomy directly without diastematomyelia.Results The mean operation time was (548.6±113.2) min,the average amount of bleeding was (3 728.6±1 436.5) ml.In group Ⅰ,the mean operation time was (608.6± 123.2) min, significantly longer than those of group Ⅱ ((521.3 ±102.4) min,t=2.787,P＜0.01).In group Ⅰ the average amount of bleeding was (5 018.3 ±2 174.2) ml, significant more than that of group Ⅱ((2 615.3± 1 132.8) ml,t=5.182,P＜0.01).Patients with preoperative Cobb angle measurement for (95.2± 14.3) degrees, postoperative for (35.2± 14.8) degrees, follow-up of 2 years for (37.6± 16.1) degrees, group Ⅰ included preoperative (92.3 ± 12.8) degrees, postoperative (32.6 ± 15.8)degrees, 2 years later (35.8 ± 17.2) degrees;group Ⅱ before operation (99.2 ± 17.3) degrees, postoperative (37.3±14.3)degrees, 2 years later (40.2± 15.3) degrees.The postoperative Cobb angle correction rate and correction loss rate showed no significant difference between two groups (P ＞0.05), a posterior spinal osteotomy for the treatment of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ with diastematomyelia severe rigid congenital scoliosis has good correction effect.This group of patients, the complication rate was 21.2％ (11/52);where in Ⅰ group the incidence rate of 36.4％ (8/22) was significantly higher than that of Ⅱ group 10.0％ (3/30) (P =0.021).Conclusion One stage posterior vertebral osteotomy for severe rigid with diastematomyelia of congenital scoliosis with the feasibility, effectiveness and safety, patients with type Ⅰ diastematomyelia should first bony mediastinum resection, Ⅱ type of diastematomyelia there is no need for treatment of diastematomyelia.

Objective To investigate the specific immune therapeutic effect of the T cell fusion peptide vaccine from group II allergens from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(Der p2). Methods Thirty mice were randomly divided into three groups, namely a negative control group(a PBS group),positive control group(an asthma group)and protein Der p2 T cell fusion epit?ope for specific immunotherapy(SIT)group(a Der p2 T group). The extract of house dust mites(HDM)was used to establish the asthmatic models in BALB/c mice,and the PBS group was always used with PBS buffer. Thirty minutes before spray inhala?tion from 25 to 27 days,the mice of the Der p2 T group were respectively injected subcutaneously with the therapeutic proteins for SIT,then the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were collected. ELISA was used to assay the levels of IFN?γ, IL?4,and IL?13 in BALF,as well as serum levels of specific IgE and IgG2a. The lung tissue sections were stained with haematox?ylin and eosin(H&E)for pathological examinations. Results The ELISA detection revealed that the number of eosinophil in BALF of the asthmatic mice was(5.57 ± 0.64)× 105/ml,which was significantly higher than that in the PBS group[(0.50 ± 0.30)× 105/ml,P < 0.01],the number of eosinophil in the Der p2 T immunotherapy group decreased significantly[(3.45 ± 0.36)×105/ml,P<0.01]. The content of IFN?γin the PBS group,asthma group and Der p2 T group were(267.00 ± 21.98), (155.80 ± 20.53)pg/ml and(234.40 ± 24.46)pg/ml respectively. Compared with the asthma group,the mice with Der p2 T vac?cine specific immune treatment produced a high level of IFN?γ(P<0.01). The content of IL?4 in the PBS group,asthma group and Der p2 T group were(23.40 ± 5.96),(53.28 ± 8.26)pg/ml and(30.00 ± 5.50)pg/ml respectively. Compared with the asth?ma group,the content of IL?4 in the mice of the Der p2 T treatment group was significantly lower(P<0.01). Compared with the asthma group[(308.10 ± 28.32)pg/ml],the content of IL?13 in BALF of the mice in the Der p2 T treatment group was signifi?cantly decreased,which was[(174.50 ± 25.99)pg/ml,P<0.01]. The content of IL?13 in the PBS group was(95.99 ± 31.14) pg/ml. The lung tissue sections showed that the lung inflammation in the p2 T Der group was significantly less than that in the asthma group,and the inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly decreased,and airway epithelial construction remodeled. Conclusion The Der p2 T cell fusion epitope,which is as vaccines for specific immunotherapy with asthma models,can allevi?ate effectively allergic inflammation of airway and lung in the mice,and it may be used as a candidate vaccine for asthma.

Objective This study aims to investigate the mutation spectrum and frequency of GJB2 , mtDNA12SrRNA,and SLC26A4 genes in Hui people,Tibetan,Tu nationality,and Mongolian patients with non-syndromic hearing loss in Qinghai province.Methods Peripheral blood samples were obtained from a total of 211 minority patients with nonsyndromic hearing loss in Qinghai province to extract genomic DNA.Three genes of GJB2,mitochondrialDNA12SrRNA,and SLC26A4 were screened for mutations in our study cohort using SNPscan technology.Results Among these 211 patients,5 Tu patients and 1 Mongolian patient were found to carry the ho-moplasmic mtDNAA1555G mutation.The GJB2 mutations detection rates were 11.38%,4.55%,5.88%,and 10%in Hui people,Tibetan,Tu nationality,and Mongolian patients,respectively.No statistically significant differences in the GJB2 mutations detection rates were found among all four ethnicities (P>0.05).c.235delC was the most prevalent mutation in both Tu patients and Mongolian patients.The allele frequency was 2.94% and 5%,respec-tively.While for Hui patients,c.299 300delAT was the most prevalent mutation with the allele frequency of 4.47%.The mutations detection rates of SLC26A4 were 6.5%,4.55%and 2.94%in Hui people,Tibetan,and Tu nationality patients,respectively.No statistically significant differences in the SLC26A4 mutations detection rates were found among all three ethnicities (P>0.05).c.235delC was the most prevalent mutation in Hui patients,the allele frequency was 2.44%.While for Tibetan patients,c.1226G>A was the most prevalent mutation with allele frequency of 2.27%.Conclusion A total of 10.9% of deaf patients have inherited hearing impairment caused by GJB2,SLC26A4,and mtDNAA1555G mutations.The mutation spectrum of GJB2 and SLC26A4 genes has the eth-nic specificity in nonsyndromic hearing loss patients of minority ethnicities in Qinghai province.

Objective To investigate the CT characteristics of retroperitoneal extra-adrenal paraganglioma(PGL).Methods CT findings of 11 patients with pathologically confirmed retroperitoneal extra-adrenal PGL were analyzed retrospectively,and the relevant literature was reviewed.All patients received plain CT as well as contrast-enhancement CT scan.Results All of the 11 tumors were located in the retroperitoneal space around large blood vessels,including 2 functional and 9 unfunctional extra-adrenal paragangliomas.Eight of 11 cases were benign tumors which presented as round or oval masses with sharp margins,separated from surrounding structures clearly;while the rest 3 cases,which with indistinct edge,even more with the invasion of surrounding structures (renal artery,renal venous and pancreas),were confirmed to be malignant.Most of the tumors were heterogeneous on plain CT.It was common to see intratumoral necrosis or cystic degeneration in the tumors (9 cases),while hemorrhage or calcification was uncommon,which was found in 3 and 2 cases,respectively.Homogeneous intensity was only observed in 2 masses with diameter less than 4 cm.On contrast-enhanced CT image, the solid part of the tumors presented continuously significant enhancement.Dilated feeding artery was found in or around the masses (8 cases) in artery phase.Conclusion There are certain characteristics of retroperitoneal extra-adrenal paraganglioma on CT scanning, which are helpful for preoperative diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Objective To research whether the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) level in prenatal and postpartum women af‐fect the incidence of postpartum depression .Methods 102 eligible and voluntary parturients of full‐term normal delivery were se‐lected and the serum specimens before labor and on postpartum 3 ,42 d were respectively collected for detecting serum PUFAs lev‐els .The perinatal depression related factors questionnaire and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were filled in and the scores were evaluated for analyzing the incidence of postpartum depression .Results Among 102 pregnant women and parturi‐ents ,the postputum depression appeared in 28 cases with the positive rate of 27 .5% .The incidence rate of postpartum depression in the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) low values group and the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) low and medium values groups was higher than that in the high values groups ;the incidence rate of postpartum depression in the arachidonic acid (AA) high value group was the higher than that in the low value group .Conclusion The lower the EPA and DHA levels ,the easier to develop depression .

Objective To analyze sleep quality in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma and its relationship with eyesight, which would provide the basic data for improvement of clinical therapy of primary angle-closure glaucoma.Methods Sleep quality of 49 patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma was evaluated by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQ I) and the relationship between sleep quality and eyesight was analyzed.Results 93.9% primary angle-closure glaucoma patients had sleep disorder.Differences were detected between the scores of PSQI and those in Chinese Norm(P