Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Extracorporeal Circulation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating ; Survival Rate ; Vena Cava, Inferior ; pathology ; surgery

Adult ; Aged ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; analysis ; Coal Mining ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; chemistry ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; metabolism ; Pneumoconiosis ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of pregnancy malnutrition on the occurrence of insulin resistance (IR) in rat offspring during adult stage and to find out the relationship between TNF-alpha and IR; and to find out a reasonable early nutritional intervention measure for the prevention of IR, through giving different diets to offspring.

METHODSAn IUGR model was built by maternal nutrition restriction. 80 newborn IUGR female pups were randomly divided into 4 groups, the mother rats were given the following diet respectively for 3 weeks after delivery, pups were fed by mother milk: (1) The IUGR (intrauterine growth retardation) rat model was used and the animals were divided into: IUGR control group (group S/N) fed with normal diet, (2) IUGR high-caloric diet group (group A), (3) IUGR high-protein and high-caloric diet group (group B) and (4) IUGR high-protein isocaloric diet group (group C). Each group had 20 pups and another 20 normal female pups were fed with normal diet as the normal control group (group C/N). All pups were weaned at the 4th week of age and fed with normal diet till the end of the experiment. At the 12th week (adulthood) and 48th week (senility) of life, body weight and length, the fasting blood glucose, insulin concentration, TNF-alpha of adipose tissue and body weight were measured. Body mass index (BMI), ISI (insulin sensitive index), IRI (insulin resistant index) and HBCI (beta cell insulin excretion index) and their correlation to TNF-alpha were calculated.

RESULTSAt 12th week and 48th week of life, the insulin sensitivity of IUGR model group was significantly lower than group C/N, although there was no significant difference of body weight between these two groups. TNF-alpha was negatively correlated with ISI, positively correlated with IRI and no relation to HBCI. Group A and B was fatter and developed more severe IR. There were no significant differences in ISI, IRI, HBCI and TNF-alpha between group C and group C/N.

CONCLUSIONSIUGR offspring of pregnancy malnutrition mother rats showed IR at the age of 12th week. TNF-alpha was closely related to the occurrence of IR in IUGR pups. IUGR pups fed with high caloric diet or high protein and caloric diet at the early postnatal period amplified the metabolic abnormality. The high protein isocaloric diet is effective early nutritional intervention measure for the prevention of occurrence of IR at adulthood.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; growth & development ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Dietary Proteins ; pharmacology ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; blood ; etiology ; Insulin Resistance ; physiology ; Malnutrition ; physiopathology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between the expression of turnor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA in fat tissue of intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) rats and insulin resistance, and the long-term effects of early different nutritional diet.

METHODSThe IUGR rat model was established by food restriction of pregnant rats. A total of 32 newborn IUGR rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: IUGR model (S/N) group, IUGR high caloric diet (A) group, IUGR high caloric and high protein diet (B) group, IUGR high protein diet (C) group. Only the mother rats were given those different diets individually, and all IUGR newborn pups were lactated for 3 weeks. From the beginning of the 4(th) week, all IUGR pups were weaned and fed with normal diet till the end of the experiment. Eight normal birth weight newborn rats were used as the control group fed with the normal diet. Weight, perirenal fat weight, fasting glucose and insulin concentration and quantified TNF-alpha mRNA expression in adipose cell were measured at the 48(th) week. The insulin sensitive index (ISI) and the relation index between TNF-alpha mRNA and fat weight, fat weight/body weight (fw/bw) ratio and ISI were calculated.

RESULTSISI of IUGR model group, IUGR A and B groups was lower than normal control group, while perirenal fat weight, fw/bw and the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in adipose cells were all significantly higher (P < 0.05 or 0.01). There were no significant differences in these indexes between IUGR C group and normal control groups (P > 0.05). A positive correlation was found between TNF-alpha mRNA and fat weight and fw/bw (r(1) = 0.755, r(2) = 0.782, P = 0.000). Significant inverse associations between ISI and TNF-alpha mRNA (r = -0.556, P = 0.000) and fw/bw (r = -0.513, P = 0.02) were also found.

CONCLUSIONThe occurrence of insulin resistance in IUGR rats is possibly associated with central obesity and accumulation of the abdominal fat and adipose cell over-expression of TNF-alpha. The adipose TNF-alpha may be an important pathogenic factor of insulin resistance of IUGR. High protein diet is a reasonable nutritional intervention. Because it promotes the skeleton muscle catch-up growth but not fat catch-up growth, it can avoid the occurrence of central obesity and insulin resistance in IUGR rats.

Adipose Tissue ; metabolism ; Animals ; Diet ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Insulin Resistance ; Nutritional Status ; Pregnancy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of early nutritional intervention on the serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), intestinal development, and catch-up growth of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) rats by giving the IUGR new born rats different protein level diet.

METHODSIUGR rat model was built by starvation of pregnant female rats. Twenty-four IUGR pups and 8 normal pups were divided randomly into 4 groups: normal control group (C group); IUGR control group (S group), IUGR low-protein diet group (SL group), and IUGR high-protein diet group (SH group). Detected the serum IGF1, IGFBP3, body weight, body length, intestinal weight length, intestinal villi height (VH), crypt depth (CD), villi absorbing area (VSA), mucous thickness (MT), and disaccharidase at the 4th week.

RESULTS(1) The SH group showed the fastest catch-up growth, serum IGF1, IGFBP3, VH, and VSA were significantly higher than those of normal control group and IUGR control group. The intestinal weight and length, and the activities of lactase and saccharase of the SH group also reached the normal control group level. (2) The SL group kept on small size, the serum IGF1, IGFBP3, and most of intestinal histological indexes were all significantly lower than other groups. (3) IGF1, IGFBP3 were positively correlated to intestinal VH, VSA, saccharase, body weight and length.

CONCLUSIONSThe serum IGF1 was a sensitive index to the catch-up growth. The early nutritional intervention of high-protein diet after birth is helpful for the catch-up growth of IUGR through promoting the intestinal development and the absorption of nutrition.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; growth & development ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Dietary Proteins ; pharmacology ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; blood ; etiology ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 ; blood ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; metabolism ; Intestines ; growth & development ; pathology ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Pregnancy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVEAbout 20 - 50% individuals with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) could not achieve catch-up growth and remain small in size till adulthood. There are few reports on the relation between intestinal development and body catch-up growth of IUGR. Studies showed that early "nutritional programming" would results in long-term effects on the body growth and organic function, and gastrointestinal development is closely related to the body development as well. The authors aimed to study the effect of early nutritional interventions on serum IGF1, IGFBP3, intestinal development and catch-up growth of pups with IUGR by using diets with different protein and caloric levels during the first four weeks of life.

METHODSAn IUGR rat model was established by maternal nutrition restriction during pregnancy. Thirty-two IUGR female pups were divided randomly into 4 groups (8 pups in each group) and eight normal female pups as control. The groups and interventions were (1) Normal control group (C group); (2) IUGR control group (S group), (3) IUGR low-protein diet group (SL group); (4) IUGR high-protein diet group (SH group); (5) IUGR high-caloric group (SA group). The serum IGF1, IGFBP3, body weight, body length, and intestinal weight, length, intestinal villi height (VH), crypt depth (CD), villi absorbing area (VSA), mucous thickness (MT) were measured at the 4(th) week of life.

RESULTS(1) At the 4(th) week, the serum IGF1 (724.0 +/- 153.5 ng/ml), IGFBP3 (9.69 +/- 3.13 ng/ml), and VH (416.9 +/- 46.3 microm), VSA (115.9 +/- 24.0 x 10(3) microm(2)), MT (583.9 +/- 68.5 microm) in the SH group were significantly higher than those of normal control group (539.4 +/- 198.4 ng/ml, 4.77 +/- 2.98 ng/ml and 322.1 +/- 25.8 microm, 85.8 +/- 17.8 x 10(3) microm(2), 480.0 +/- 61.5 microm) and IUGR control group (P < 0.05). The intestinal weight (1.91 +/- 0.16 g) and length (80.67 +/- 9.47 cm) in the SH group was not significantly different from the normal control group (2.24 +/- 0.22 g and 74.77 +/- 9.06 cm, P > 0.05). The SH group showed the fastest catch-up growth. Their body weights (40.14 +/- 11.03 g) at the 3(rd) week and body lengths (23.61 +/- 0.49 cm) at the 4(th) week of life reached the normal ranges of the control group (44.65 +/- 5.36 g and 23.10 +/- 1.42 cm, P > 0.05). (2) The serum IGF1 (346.7 +/- 85.3 ng/ml), IGFBP3 (1.4 +/- 0.21 ng/ml), body weight (21.41 +/- 3.54 g) and body length (15.96 +/- 1.29 cm) and the most of intestinal indexes in the SL group were markedly lower than other groups at the 4(th) week of life (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe serum IGF1 was a sensitive marker to reflect the catch-up growth and nutritional status, and IGF1 was positively correlated with the intestinal development and body growth. When given different nutritional interventions during the first four weeks of life, high protein diet is more helpful for the IUGR catch-up growth by promoting the intestinal development and the absorption of nutrition.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; growth & development ; Dietary Proteins ; administration & dosage ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; blood ; diet therapy ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; analysis ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Rats

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the correlation between scoliosis angle and the asymmetric index of degenerative lumbar scoliosis, the degree of intervertebral disc degeneration, decreased bone density.

METHODSAs a retrospectively study, a total of 96 patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis were retrospectively enrolled from January 2002 to August 2010 as scoliosis group, meanwhile 96 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis matched in gender, age and body mass index (BMI) were selected as control group. All patients were studied with plain radiographs, MRI and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at presentation. Radiographic measurements include Cobb angle, the height of the convex and concave side of the apical disc and the contiguous disc superiorly and inferiorly, the height of the convex and concave side of the apical and the contiguous vertebral body superiorly and inferiorly in scoliosis group, the height of L(2-3), L(3-4), L(4-5) discs and the height of L(2-4) vertebral body in control group. The average relative signal intensity of lumbar intervertebral disc and cerebrospinal fluid in T2WI sagittal image was measured in apex intervertebral disc and adjacent discs by Adobe Photoshop 6.0 in scoliosis group, which was measured in L(2-3), L(3-4), L(4-5) disc in control group. The bone density of lumbar, femoral neck, trochanter, and Ward's triangle regions were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

RESULTSThe intervertebral disc height in convex side was greater than the height in the concave side [(40 ± 7) mm vs. (28 ± 7) mm, P < 0.01], the vertebral body height in convex side was greater than the height in the concave side [(76 ± 12) mm vs. (72 ± 10) mm, P = 0.016] in scoliosis group. There was significant statistically difference in the degenerative degree of intervertebral discs between two groups (P = 0.003). There was significant statistically difference of the average T-value and the rate of osteoporosis between two groups (P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the asymmetric disc index, the degenerative degree of intervertebral disc and osteoporosis were the predominant correlative factors, which affected the development of degenerative lumbar scoliosis.

CONCLUSIONSDegenerative lumbar scoliosis is always accompanied by the height asymmetry of intervertebral discs and vertebral body from convex and concavity sides. There is positive correlation between the angle of scoliosis and the asymmetric disc index, the degeneration of intervertebral disc, and negative correlation between the angle of scoliosis and the bone density (T-value).

Aged ; Bone Density ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; pathology ; Linear Models ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Stenosis ; pathology

OBJECTIVESTo analyze the correlation between intervertebral disc-endplate degeneration and bony construction parameter and to explore its roles in adult degenerative scoliosis.

METHODSThe imaging data of 79 patients with adult degenerative scoliosis from March 2005 to March 2010 were retrospectively reviewed as the study group. The imaging data of 41 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were selected as the control group. The vertebral body and intervertebral height in both sides on frontal X-ray, and the facet joint orientation in both sides on CT scan were measured respectively. The average vertebral body height, average intervertebral disc height and average facet orientation were regarded as bony structural parameters. The quantitative grading methods were used in the intervertebral disc and endplate degeneration. The relationship of bony construction parameter and intervertebral disc-endplate degeneration, and the relationship of bony construction parameter and Cobb's angle of scoliosis were analyzed by comparing all bony construction parameters in both groups.

RESULTSAnalyzed by paired-t test, the intervertebral height, vertebral body height and facet joint orientation between convex and concave sides of the study group were of significant difference (t = 3.411, 2.623 and 2.085, P < 0.05). The intervertebral height between convex and concave sides of the control group were of significant difference (t = 3.276, P < 0.01), while the vertebral body height and the facet joint orientation were of no statistical significance (t = 1.572 and 1.493, P > 0.05). By linear correlation and regression analysis, the asymmetric degree of bony construction parameter showed good correlation with the score of intervertebral disc-endplate degeneration (-1 < r < 1, P < 0.05), which was positively correlated with Cobb's angle of scoliosis (0 < r < 1, P < 0.05). Linear regression existed between asymmetric degree of bony construction parameter and Cobb's angle (F = 427.342, P < 0.01). The regression function was obtained: Cobb's angle = -8.904+8.136 × IAD + 3.274 × VAD-0.713 × FAD (IAD: intervertebral asymmetry degree, VAD: vertebral asymmetry degree, FAD: facet joint asymmetry degree).

CONCLUSIONSThe asymmetric change of bony construction exists in adult degenerative scoliosis, which significantly correlated with intervertebral disc-endplate degeneration and Cobb's angle of scoliosis. The asymmetric bony construction parameter probably plays a biomechanical role in the progression of scoliosis, which maybe the reason for the asymmetric degeneration of intervertebral disc-endplate.

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; pathology ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Scoliosis ; pathology

BACKGROUNDDegenerative lumbar scoliosis is common in older patients. Decreased bone density and the degeneration of intervertebral discs are considered to be correlated with degenerative lumbar scoliosis. A means of quantifying the relative signal intensity for degenerative disc disease has not been previously discussed. The purpose of this study was to compare bone mineral density and intervertebral disc degeneration between degenerative lumbar scoliosis and lumbar spinal stenosis patients in a nine-year retrospective study.

METHODSFrom January 2001 to August 2010, 96 patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis were retrospectively enrolled and 96 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis were selected as controls. Cobb angle, height of the apical disc and the contiguous disc superiorly and inferiorly on convex and concave sides, the height of the convex and concave side of the apical and the contiguous vertebral body superiorly and inferiorly were measured in the scoliosis group. The height of L2/L3, L3/L4, L4/L5 discs and the height of L2/L4 vertebral body was measured in the control group. The grade of intervertebral disc degeneration was evaluated using T2WI sagittal images in both groups. The bone density of lumbar vertebrae was measured with dual-energy X-ray.

RESULTSIn scoliosis group, the intervertebral disc height on the convex side was greater than the height on the concave side (P < 0.001). The vertebral body height on the convex side was greater than the height on the concave side (P = 0.016). There was a significant difference between the scoliosis group and the control group (P = 0.003), and between T-value and the rate of osteoporosis between the two groups (both P < 0.001).

RESULTSwere verified using multiple linear regression analysis.

CONCLUSIONSDegenerative lumbar scoliosis is accompanied by height asymmetry between the intervertebral disc and vertebral body regarding the convex and concave surfaces. There is a positive correlation between the angle of scoliosis and the disc index, the degree of degeneration of the intervertebral disc, and a negative correlation between the angle of scoliosis and bone density.

Aged ; Bone Density ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; pathology ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Linear Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Scoliosis ; pathology ; Spinal Stenosis ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the difference in the expressions of C-erbB-2 gene between the coal miners with pneumoconiosis complicated by pulmonary cancer and the controls with single pulmonary cancer, and its relation to clinical pathology.

METHODMeasuring the expressions of C-erbB-2 in 32 cases of pneumoconiosis complicated by pulmonary cancer and those in 30 cases of pulmonary cancer by means of immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThe positive expression rate in 32 cases of pneumoconiosis complicated by pulmonary cancer was 53.13% whereas that in 30 cases of single pulmonary cancer was 26.67% (P < 0.05); the positive expressions of C-erbB-2 in patients with lymph node metastasis (70.59% in pneumoconiosis group, 50.00% in controls) were significantly different from those without lymph node metastasis (33.33% in pneumoconiosis group, 11.11% in controls) (P < 0.05). The prognosis on patients with positive expressions of C-erbB-2 was poor, and was not related to pathologic category.

CONCLUSIONC-erbB-2 gene may be an important regulating gene in the coal miners with pneumoconiosis complicated by pulmonary cancer, and as a reference index to determine lymph node metastasis and prognosis.

Aged ; China ; Coal Mining ; Gene Expression ; Genes, erbB-2 ; Genotype ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; complications ; genetics ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; complications ; genetics ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Survival Analysis