Objective To explore the characteristics and laws of burned children,and to find the coping strategies on preventing and reducing the incidence of pediatric burns.Methods The age distribution,burn causes, degree of burn,easy -happening months and on -site treatment of 978 children under 12 years old were retrospective-ly analyzed.Results 978 pediatric burns patients made up 55.4% of all burned patients among which there were 601 male patients and 377 female patients.Most of them were 1 -3 years old.The main reason of burn was hot liquid. Most of them were minor and moderate burned.The easy -happing months were from May to September.Only 11.0%of these children were correctly treated.Most burn children were from countryside.Conclusion The main reasons of children being burned are poor management of hot liquid,carelessness and the indifference of safety consciousness. The cases of burned children are regular.It is important to strengthen the publicity and education of precaution and the consciousness of safety protection of custodian.The publicity of knowledge about burning safety and correct on -site treatment are important for prevention and cure of burned children.

In this paper, we advance a new treating method for rectectomy postoperative anus incontinence, which is called "artificial sphincter system with biofeedback-function". The system simulates the function of human's sphincter and has entered into a stage of simulation experiments on animals.
Anal Canal ; Animals ; Artificial Organs ; Biofeedback, Psychology ; Fecal Incontinence ; Humans ; Prosthesis Design ; Software Design

Objective To investigate the application value of the Perclose Proglide vascular devices in the thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) of aortic dissection.Methods Retrospective analysis of 106 patients who underwent TEVAR for Standford B type aortic dissection were performed.The femoral lumen was measured by CTA be fore,1 month and 1 year after TEVAR.Results A total of 223 Perclose Proglide vascular closure devices were used in the 106 patients,including 97 patients with 2 devices,7 patients with 3 devices,2 patients with 4 devices.The puncture femoral artery diameters had no significant differences between before and 1 month,1 year after TEVAR (all P ＞0.05).Conclusion Per close Proglide vascular closure devices can be effectively and safely used in the TEVAR,which has little influence on the femoral artery diameter,and is worth to be applied in the clinics extensively.

Objective:To produce rhBMP-4 with bioactivity in E.coli. Methods: The full-length human BMP-4 gene was mutated by PCR without changes in amino acid sequence, then the synthesized gene was cloned into plasmid pET-3c, transducted into BL21(DE)plysS, and induced by adding IPTG to a final concentration of 1.0 mmol/L. The protein product was purified using ion-exchange chromatography method and then renaturated, bioactivity was checked by C2C12 differentiation in vitro and mouse ectopic bone formation in vivo. Results: A 438 bp gene fragment encoding mature peptide of hBMP-4 was cloned , the protein product was mostly in the form of inclusion body, after renaturation, the engineering protein shows better bioactivity. Conclusion:The mutant strategy can enhance the expression of bioactive rhBMP-4 in E.coli expression system.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between the disturbance of nitric oxide/endothelin-I (NO/ET-1) and the hepatic injury following limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats as well as the regulation of NO/ET-1 system by limb ischemia preconditioning (IPC).

METHODSUsing limb ischemia/reperfusion injury model rats, animals were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6): control group, I/R group and IPC group. The contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the plasma as well as nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide/endothelin-1 (NO/ET-1) in the plasma and the liver were measured. The levels of total nitric oxide synthase (tNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) in the liver were determined. The expression of iNOS and endothelial NOS (eNOS) were detected by the immunohistochemical method. The morphologic changes stained with hematoxylineosin were observed under microscope.

RESULTSIt was found that the levels of NO, ET-1 in the plasma and the liver tissue all increased after reperfusion, while the values of ALT, AST, NO/ET-1 decreased. Liver pathology revealed that after limb I/R there were edema, villous microvascular congestion, infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN), cell degeneration in part cells of the liver. The hepatic damage was deteriorated. While the expression of iNOS elevated, cNOS (mainly eNOS) reduced and total NOS increased. The protection of the limb IPC attenuated the disturbance of NO/ET-1.

CONCLUSIONThe hepatic injury following limb I/R is related to the disturbance of NO/ ET-1. The protection of the limb IPC might be conducted by its regulation of NO/ET-1 system. The elevation of endothelial NOS and the reduction of non-endothelial NOS generated the NO in this situation.

Animals ; Endothelin-1 ; metabolism ; Extremities ; blood supply ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control

The retinoid N-4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide (4-HPR also known as fenretinide), a synthetic derivative of all trans retinoic acid (ATRA), has shown as an efficient chemopreventive, chemotherapeutic agent and a potent inducer of apoptosis in various cancer cell types in vitro, including leukemic cells. However the mechanisms by which 4-HPR has the apoptotic effects is not completely elucidated. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of 4-HPR on several leukemic cells and explore its mechanisms of effect on U937 cells. The cell growth and proliferation experiments were performed [corrected] cell apoptosis was detected by annexin V; reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsim) were determined; protein [corrected] expression was detected by Western blot. The results showed that 4-HPR inhibited the proliferation of U937 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. 4-HPR markedly [corrected] induced apoptosis in U937 cells, triggered the generation of ROS, induced the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, decreased the expression of procaspase-8 and procaspase-3. Pretreatment of L-ascorbic acid suppressed the generation of ROS, disruption of mitochondrial potential, activation of caspases and apoptosis. It is concluded that the generation of ROS followed by the disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential plays an important role on 4-HPR-induced apoptosis in leukemic cells, suggesting that 4-HPR may be one of mitochondrial-targeted agents with clinical potential in treating cancer.
Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Blotting, Western ; Caspases ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fenretinide ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; drug effects ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; U937 Cells

To investigate and compare the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in different organs of the mice with endotoxic shock induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), protein and mRNA of ICAM-1 were measured by Western blotting and RT-PCR respectively in different organs of BALB/c mice administered intraperitoneally with 5 mg/kg LPS. The results showed that the constitutive expression of ICAM-1 protein and mRNA was the greatest in the lungs, followed by the spleen, kidney and intestine. After LPS stimulation, the upregulation of ICAM-1 was still greatest in the lungs, followed by the liver, spleen, heart, kidney and intestine. Compared with the normal mice, the expression of ICAM-1 protein in endotoxic shocked mice increased by 4.5-fold in the lungs, 3.0-fold in the kidney, 1.5-fold in the spleen; the expression in the liver and heart was negative under normal condition and changed into positive during endotoxic shock; but ICAM-1 expression in the intestine did not change significantly. The expression of ICAM-1 mRNA also increased consistently. These data highlight that LPS can up-regulate ICAM-1 protein and mRNA expression in different tissues of the mice with endotoxic shock. The difference in ICAM-1 expression among the organs may lead to different sensitivity of organ damage in endotoxic shock. This suggests that inhibition of ICAM-1 expression may be a useful principle for prevention and treatment of endotoxic shock.
Animals ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; biosynthesis ; Kidney ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Lung ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; Shock, Septic ; chemically induced ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of the immunonanoparticles loaded with adriamycin in reversing multidrug resistance (MDR) in liver cancer in a nude mouse model and explore the possible mechanisms.

METHODSThe cytotoxicity of adriamycin, adriamycin-loaded nanoparticles, and adriamycin-loaded immunonanoparticles was assessed in a nude mouse model bearing implant tumors of adriamycin-resistant hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721/ADM. The concentration of adriamycin in the tumor tissue was determined.

RESULTSAdriamycin-loaded immunonanoparticles showed significantly stronger cytotoxicity against the implant tumors of SMMC-7721/ADM than adriamycin-loaded nanoparticles and adriamycin. Administration of adriamycin-loaded immunonanoparticles resulted in significantly higher drug concentrations in the tumor tissue than adriamycin-loaded nanoparticles and adriamycin.

CONCLUSIONAdriamycin-loaded immunonanoparticles may reverse the MDR of liver cancers in vivo probably resulting from the close binding of the particles with the tumor cells to produce a high local concentration of adriamycin in the tumors.

Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Doxorubicin ; chemistry ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoconjugates ; chemistry ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the therapeutic effects of Nexavar on liver cancer and its relation to the expressions of Ki-67 and CD34.

METHODSTwenty-eight patients with liver cancer were treated with Nexavar. The therapeutic efficacy of Nexavar on liver cancer was observed. Liver cancer tissues were examined for the expressions of Ki-67 and CD34 by immunohistochemistry. Microvessel density (MVD) was calculated according to the expression of CD34.

RESULTSOf 28 patients, none achieved a complete response (CR), 12 had a partial response (PR), 7 had stable disease (SD), and 9 progressive disease (PD). The efficacy of Nexavar was associated significantly with Ki-67 expression. The mean MVD count was 346.03-/+146.98 in PR patients, and 89.14-/+45.66 in PD patients. There was a significant difference in MVD between PR and PD patients.

CONCLUSIONThere is a better efficacy of Nexavar in treatment of liver cancer in the patients who had Ki-67-positive expression and high MVD count.

Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Niacinamide ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Phenylurea Compounds ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo detect and analyze the characteristic miRNAs profile of anal fistula and explore their possible target genes and potential clinical significance.

METHODSThe anal mucosa close to the hemorrhoids were collected from three patients undergoing fistulectomy and hemorrhoidectomy (fistula group) as well as three patients receiving only hemorroidectomy(hemorrhoids group), matching with fistula group in age, gender and body weight. miRNA microarray was used to compare the expression of 1 285 human miRNAs of the anal mucosa between two groups. Cluster analysis was adopted to analyze the accumulation of the differentially expressed miRNAs(P<0.05, fold≥2.0 or ≤0.5) and their target genes were predicted with 10 softwares such as DIANAmT, miRanda, miRDB, miRWalk etc. Comprehensive scoring was performed to identify genes with highest predictive score. Gene ontology (GO) concentration technique was used to analyze the target gene-associated biological process. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine protein expression of genes with the highest score.

RESULTSAmong 1285 miRNAs in fistula group, 13 miRNAs were differentially expressed with those in hemorrhoid group, including 2 of up-regulation and 11 of down-regulation. Paired t test showed that in fistula group, miRNA-3609 up-regulation was 5.98 folds(P=0.0231) and miR-181a-2-3p down-regulation was 0.13 folds(P=0.0067) compared to those in hemorrhoid group, which had the greatest differential expression. Cluster analysis suggested that up-regulated miR-3609 and miR-6086 had similar change trend in both groups. Among 11 down-regulated miRNAs, miR-125bp-1-3p and miR-548q had similar expression and other 9 miRNAs had similar expression as well, including miR-1185-1-3p, miR-532-3p, miR-1233-5p, miR-769-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-99b-3p, miR-141-3p, miR-138-5p, and miR-181a-2-3p. Target gene prediction analysis of above 13 genes showed that 7 miRNAs(53.8%) were eligible to predict their potential target genes, yielding totally 104 possible target genes. The rest of 6 miRNAs(46.2%) failed to predict any target gene. The highest score in prediction of target gene was chitinase 1(ChIT1) and its corresponding differential miRNA was miR-769-5p(r=-0.94286, P=0.0167). Gene ontology analysis showed that the most associated biological process related with these 104 target genes was keratinization, immune response and signal transduction. Immunohistochemistry revealed ChiT1 expression of anal mucosa in fistula group was significantly higher compared to hemorrhoid group(P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThere is a characteristic miRNAs profile in anal fistula patients, which may play a role in the occurrence and development of anal fistula.

Cluster Analysis ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; Rectal Fistula ; genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Up-Regulation