Food Contamination ; prevention & control ; Public Health Practice

Emergencies ; Food Services ; organization & administration ; Foodborne Diseases ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Risk Assessment

A large number of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in tumor tissues create a favorable environment for the development of tumor. CAFs inhibit immune cells activation and viability by cytokine secretion, and CAFs prohibit drugs and immune cells infiltration by producing extracellular matrix to weaken cancer treatment efficacy. Regulating CAFs or overcoming CAFs barriers are new strategies for cancer therapy. Hence, designing nano-carriers for regulating CAFs to suppress tumor progression or promoting drug delivery to tumor site by overcoming CAFs barriers has attracted much attention. Therefore, this manuscript reviewed the recent progresses of nano-carriers for CAFs-targeting cancer therapies, in order to provide a reference for clinical cancer treatment.

Adult ; Efficiency ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Psychometrics ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To explore the guidance significance of the functional MRI and DTI (fMRI ,DTI) ,intraoperative ultra-sound(IOUS) ,neuronavigation ,electrocorticography(EcoG) monitoring used in surgical treatment of low-grade gliomas with epi-lepsy as main symptom located near the eloquent brain regions .Methods 23 neurosurgical patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University during 2009-2010 were performed the retrospective analysis .The preoperative fMRI ,DTI deter-mined the positional relation between the lesions with the conduction bundle and the eloquent brain regions ,the electrophysiological and imageological examinations positioned the epileptogenic focus and lesions ,the MRI-mediated neuronavigation system was adopt-ed to formulate the surgical plan and choose the best surgical approach ,IOUS was used to perform the realtime monitoring for pre-cisely positioning the lesion range and determining the extent of resection ,and the intraoperative EcoG was adopted to determine the epileptogenic focus localization ,the lesions and the epileptogenic focus was dealed by the operating microscope for avoiding the func-tional region ,and the patient′s prognosis was evaluated and recored in detail after operation .Results By the precisely positioning the lesions and epileptogenic focus by fMRI ,DTI ,neuronavigation and ultrasound ,the lesion resection degrees by the operative mi-croscope and intraopertaive pathological guidance were 17 cases of Ⅰ-Ⅱ grade ,4 cases of Ⅲ grade and 2 case of Ⅳ-Ⅴ grade .1 case of motor aphasia ,4 cases of hemiplegia and monoplegia and 1 case of disturbance of consciousness after operation were improved by the treatment of neurotrophy ,dehydration and hyperbaric oxygen and discharged from hospital with rehabilitation .No death case occurred .The evaluation of the life quality :20 cases ofⅠ-Ⅱ grade ,3 cases of Ⅲ grade and no vegetable survival case of Ⅳ grade . The evaluation of resection clinical effect :20 cases of cure ,3 cases of improvement ,no case of as before and exacerbation .After fol-lowed up for 6-24 months ,according to Engel classification of seizure efficacy assessment :Ⅰ-Ⅱ grade in 21 cases ,Ⅲ grade in 2 case ,no case of Ⅳgrade .Conclusion fMRI ,DTI ,neuronavigation ,IOUS and EcoG for guiding the operation of low grade gliomas located near the eloquent brain regions can resect the lesion to the largest extent and simultaneously deal with epileptogenic focus , effectively protect the neurological function of the functional region ,greatly reduce the side-injury of the normal brain tissues in the functional region ,at the same time increase the curative effect of symptomatic epilepsy .

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of testosterone undecanoate (TU) in the treatment of late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) by meta-analysis.

METHODSWe searched Pubmed (until April 1, 2014), Embase (until March 28, 2014), Cochrane Library (until April 17, 2014), CBM (from January 1, 2001 to February 2, 2014), CNKI (from January 1, 2001 to February 2, 2014), Wanfang Database (from January 1, 2000 to February 2, 2014), and VIP Database (from January 1, 2000 to Febru ary 2, 2014) for randomized controlled trials of TU for the treatment of LOH. We evaluated the quality of the identified literature and performed meta-analysis on the included studies using the Rveman5. 2 software.

RESULTSTotally, 14 studies were included after screening, which involved 1 686 cases. Compared with the placebo and blank control groups, TU treatment significantly increased the levels of serum total testosterone (SMD = 6.22, 95% CI 3.99 to 8.45, P < 0.05) and serum free testosterone (SMD = 4.35, 95% CI 1.86 to 6. 85, P < 0.05) but decreased the contents of luteinizing hormone (WMD = -2.23, 95% CI -4.03 to -0.42, P < 0.05), sex hormone binding globulin (WMD = 2.00, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.63, P < 0.05). TU also remarkably reduced the scores of Partial Androgen Deficiency of the Aging Males (WMD = -9.49, 95% CI -12.96 to -6.03, P < 0.05) and Aging Males Symptoms rating scale (WMD = -2.76, 95% CI -4.85 to -0.66, P <0.05) but increased the hemoglobin level (SMD = 2.35, 95% CI 0.29 to 4.41, P < 0.05) and packed-cell volume (SMD = 4.35, 95% CI 1.36 to 7.33, P < 0.05). However, no significant changes were shown in aspertate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, prostate-specific antigen, or prostate volume after TU treatment (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTU could significantly increase the serum testosterone level and improve the clinical symptoms of LOH patients without inducing serious adverse reactions. However, due to the limited number and relatively low quality of the included studies, the above conclusion could be cautiously applied to clinical practice.

Androgens ; therapeutic use ; Hemoglobin A ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; blood ; drug therapy ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Male ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin ; metabolism ; Testosterone ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacology

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in critical hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD).Methods The data from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSChost, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid, China Biology Medicine disc, Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Citation Database, and other references and grey literatures were retrieved, screening out all those related to clinical trials on treating critical HFMD by IVIG.Standard methods of the Cochrane Collaboration were employed to evaluate the methodological quality of the trials.Meta analysis was performed with Rev man 5.3 software.Results Eleven trials including 967 cases were investigated.The meta analysis showed that IVIG had significantly clinical efficacy (OR =6.84,95％ CI:3.74-12.52 ,P ＜ 0.05).IVIG could significantly decrease duration of fever (MD =-1.94,95％ CI:-3.07--0.81 ,P ＜0.05) ,hospitalization time (MD =-4.56,95％ CI:-8.95--0.17,P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in duration of fever (MD =-0.28,95 ％ CI:-0.59-0.03, P ＞ 0.05), duration of herpes (MD =0.18,95％ CI:-0.22-0.59, P ＞ 0.05), hospitalization time (MD =-0.12,95％ CI:-0.47-0.23, P ＞ 0.05) when the dosage of injection was adjusted.Conclusions IVIG is recommended for treating critical HFMD because it is effective in decreasing the duration of fever and hospitalization.Well designed studies with more sample in multi-center are required in further study to explore the efficacy and safety of IVIG on critical HFMD.

Tongluo Xingnao effervescent tablet (TLXNET) is a patented prescription, which comes from modified Xionggui decoction and can improve cognitive function. However, its effect on the urine metabolites and anti-dementia mechanism in the dementia model rats induced by hippocampal injection with Aβ25-35 remains unclear. The experiment focused on the changes in trajectory and inter-relationship among the urinary metabolite of rats in the blank group, Aβ25-35 hippocampal injection dementia model group and the TLXNET intervention group, in order to determine theirs characteristic metabolic markers and explain the anti-dementia effect of TLX-NET base on the change of metabolic trajectory of these bio-markers. According to the experimental results, 5, 6-indolequinone, 4-hydroxyphenyl pyruvic acid (4-HPPA), cortisol and 3-thiosulfate lactic were preliminarily identified as the characteristic metabolic markers. They mainly participate in dopamine system, glucocorticoids and energy metabolic pathways. TLXNET can apparently downregulate the disturbances of metabolic trajectory of the four bio-markers. The experiment indicates that the dementia model induced by injecting Aβ25-3 into hippocampus has its characteristic endogenous metabolic markers in urine, and ELXNET can ameliorate dementia by down-regulating the disturbances of metabolic trajectory.
Amyloid beta-Peptides ; metabolism ; toxicity ; Animals ; Biomarkers ; urine ; Dementia ; drug therapy ; urine ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Peptide Fragments ; metabolism ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tablets ; administration & dosage ; Urine ; chemistry

Objective To evaluate the success rate, safety and efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) after Billroth Ⅱ gastrectomy. Methods Data of 75 patients with biliary disease after Billroth Ⅱ gastrectomy, who underwent ERCP from January 2007 to November 2009, were retrospectively analyzed. Results In 75 patients, afferent loop intubation was achieved in 69 (92%) and selective cannulation of bile duct were successful in 68 (68/69, 98. 5%). Diagnostic procedures were carried out in 3 patients, and therapeutic in 65 others, which included EST plus stone removal and ENBD in 16, ERBD in 19, EMBE in 18 and EBD plus stone removal and ENBD in 12. Afferent loop perforation occurred in 1 patient (1.3%) and was treated surgically, and 2 acute pancreatitis (2. 6%) were treated conservatively.There was no complication of bleeding. Conclusion ERCP after Billroth Ⅱ gastrectomy is safe and efficiency for biliary disease.

Objective To discuss the value of different staging systems for gallbladder cancer.Methods The clinical data of 132 patients with gallbladder cancer who had been admitted to Xinhua Hospital from October 1992 to December 2006 were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical stage and postoperative survival of patients in each stage were analyzed by Nevin staging system,staging systems of AJCC 5th and 6th edition.The survivals of patients were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and the comparison between groups was analyzed by Log-rank test.Results According to the Nevin staging system,the accumulative survivals of patients with stages Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ or Ⅴ were 80.3%,75.6%,43.2%,16.2% and 6.5%,respectively.The accumulative survivals of patients with stages Ⅰ,Ⅱ or Ⅲ were significantly higherthan those with stages Ⅳ or Ⅴ(χ~2=7.239,6.152,3.992,12.354,13.171,15.084,P＜0.05).According to the AJCC 5th edition staging system,the accumulative survivals of patients with stagesⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ or Ⅳ were 71.4%,40.9%,10.2% and 5.8%,respectively.The accumulative survivals of patients with stages Ⅰ or Ⅱ were significantly higher than those with stages Ⅲ or Ⅳ (χ~2=18.286,23.729,5.541,13.607,P＜0.05),and the survivals of patients with stage Ⅲ were significantly higher than those with stage Ⅳ (χ~2=7.758,P＜0.05).According to the AJCC 6th edition staging system,the accumulative survivals of patients with stages Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ or Ⅳ were 51.1%,11.7%,8.2% and 6.5%,respectively.Patients with stages Ⅰ or Ⅱ had a comparatively low survival,while the survivals of patients with stage Ⅰ were significantly higher than those with stages Ⅱ,Ⅲ or Ⅳ(χ~2=15.300,21.956,31.397,P＜0.05).Patients with stage Ⅱ had a higher survival than those with stage Ⅳ(χ~2=8.789,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in survival between patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ,and between patients with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ.Conclusions The AJCC 5th edition staging system is still the perfect staging system of gallbladder cancer.The Nevin staging system is not integrating enough,while AJCC 6th edition staging system is too strict.