Objective To investigate early reduction of the dose of immunosuppressive drug after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation(allo-PBSCT)for patients with refractory or relapsed leukemia.Methods Between Janaury 2004 and December 2006,15 patients with relapsed or refractory leukemia in Department of Hematology,the First Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-Sen University and Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital,CAMS & PUMC,received allo-PBSCT from their relatives,12 from HLA-identical siblings.The preparative regimens included BuCy and TBICy with or without cytarabine.Cyclosporine A(CsA)or tacrolimus was used for graft-versus-host disease(GVHD)prophylaxis,with rapid decreasing starting on day 30 of post transplant if no GVHD appeared in receipts of matched sibling tranplantation.Results(1)Faster engraftment was achieved in all patients.Grade Ⅰ~Ⅱ acute GVHD appeared in 5 patients.Chronic GVHD occured in 7 of 11 evaluable patients.(2)Of 9 patients with an lower CsA or tacrolimus dosage,only 1 developed grade Ⅰ acute GVHD,4 chronic GVHD,2 extramedullary relapse.(3)After a median follow-up of 328 days,8 patients has leukemia-free-survival(LFS),4 relapsed,and only 1 had transplantation-related mortality(TRM)in the first 3 months post-transplant.The estimated LFS at 1 year and 2 years was 51% and 25%,respectively.Conclusion Patients with advanced leukemia might benefit from allo-PBSCT with significant lower treatment failure incidence.Dose reductions of CsA and tacrolimus in early transplant might enhance graft-versus-leukemia effect,and improve long-term LFS.

Objective To study the clinical significance and changes of plasma nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic adernosine monophosphate(cAMP)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP) ratio in children with asthma.Methods NO,cAMP,cGMP levels and changes of cAMP/cGMP in 40 asthmatic children in acute attack stage and restoration stage and in 23 health children were measured by nitric acid reductase method and radioimmunoassay.Results 1.the amount of NO 3-/NO 2-in the plasma of asthmatic children in acute attack stage was obviously higher than that in restoration stage and in normal control group(P0.05);6.the results of linear correlation analysis showed that there were positive correlations between plasma NO 3-/NO 2- and plasma cGMP levels in acute attack stage (r=0.401 P

Objective To study the effect of the extract of Chrysanthemum Indicum(CI)on the expression of tumor necro-sis factor-α (TNF-α) and neutrophil function in chronic bronchitis (CB)rats and to explore the therapeutic mechanism for chronic bronchitis. Methods The extract of CI was prepared. Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, Chuanxiling group, and low-, middle-and high-dose CI extract groups. Rat model of CB was established by intratracheal injection with low-dose lipopolysaccharide. After drug intervention, the expression of TNF-α in rat serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was detected by ELISA method. Phagocytic function of the neu-trophil and respiratory burst of the rats were measured by flow cytometry (FCM). Results Compared with the blank con-trol group, the phagocytic function of the neutrophil, respiratory burst of the rats, and the expression of TNF-α in rat serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the model group were increased significantly. CI extract significantly decreased the abnormal rising of the above indexes. Conclusion Down-Regulation of TNF-α expression, and decrease of the neutrophil phagocytic function and rat respiratory burst may be one of the therapeutic mechanisms of Chrysanthemum In-dicum extract for the treatment of CB.

Objective To investigate the pharmacokinetics of cephapirin sodium in healthy volunteers.Methods Twelve healthy volunteers were enrolled and ad ministered with single doses of 0.5,1.0,4.0 g or multiple doses of 1.0 g cephapirin sodium injection by intravenous drip infusion.The concentrations of cephapirin in human plasma and urine were determined by HPLC-MS/MS.The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with WinNonLin 6.3 software. Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of cephapirin after single dose of 0.5,1.0,4. 0 g and 1.0 g multiple dose cephapirin sodium injection were as follows:Cmaxwere (34.86 ±6.93),(74.77 ±24.23),(319.0 ±44.5),(89.26 ±28.04)μg/mL,AUC0-twere (12.86 ±3.46),(28.31 ±7.46),(163.21 ±34.57),(27.30 ±7.22)μg/(mL·h),t1/2were (0.55 ±0.21),(0.72 ±0.22),(0.71 ±0.27), (0.72 ±0.25),accumulative urine excretion rate of 8 h(1 g)was (44.9 ±12.66)%.Conclusion The process of cephapirin in the dosage range of 0.5 ~4.0 g show linear dynamic feature.There is no accumulation after multiple dosing.Cephapirin sodium was much eli minated from urine in parent drug.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that Clematis chinensis Osbeck can promote articular chondrocyte proliferation, maintain and promote the synthesis of cartilage proteoglycan and type II col agen in chondrocytes. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound can effectively improve the carticular chondrocyte proliferation, increase the cellmembrane permeability, and promote chemicals or genes delivery, so as to improve the biological effects of chemicals.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound mediated Clematis chinensis Osbeck on the proliferation of cartilage cells and the expression of type II col agen and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 of rabbit knee articular chondrocytes cultured in vitro, and explore the effect and mechanism of Clematis chinensis Osbeck mediated by low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on cartilage damage.
METHODThe rabbit knee articular chondrocytes were isolated and cultured in vitro. cells of the second generation in logarithmic growth phase were randomly divided into four groupcontrol group, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) group, Clematis chinensis Osbeck (CCO) group, and CCO+LIPUS group. After cells were cultured under different conditions for 3 days, cellproliferation was measured with cellCount Kit-8 assay. The secretion of type II col agen was detected by cytochemical staining method, and the expression of TGF-β1 was assayed by western blot analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The number of cells in the other three groups were significantly higher than that in control group at 3 days after culture (P<0.05), while the CCO+LIPUS group had the most cells. Cytochemical staining showed that the area and absorbance value of type II col agen in cartilage cells were significantly increased in CCO+LIPUS group, compared with control group (P<0.05), and the difference with control group was larger than the amount of that of LIPUS group and CCO group with control group. Western blot analysis showed that TGF-β1 was significantly expressed in CCO+LIPUS group, and the relative gray value was significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.05). Both low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and Clematis chinensis Osbeck can promote the proliferation of cartilage cells and expression of type II col agen and t-β1 of rabbit knee articular chondrocytes cultured in vitro. The combined method could produce synergistic effects.

Objective To investigate changes of the interhemispheric coordination integrity in patients with hemi-parkinsonism using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI) homotopy technique called voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity(VMHC).Methods Sixteen Parkinson disease(PD) patients with right body side motor symptom onset(RPD),15 patients with left side onset(LPD),and 19 age-,gender-,and education-matched healthy controls(HC) were included in this study.rs-fMRI scanning and pre-processed the raw data were performed.Then by using analysis of variance(ANOVA) and two sample t tset,we performed VMHC analyses on rs-fMRI data of these participants(P＜0.05,corrected with AlphaSim,clusters≥16 voxels).Exploratory linear correlations analyses were performed between the VMHC of regions showing significant group differences and the clinical features of LPD or RPD patients.Results Compared with HCs,patients with LPD had significantly reduced VMHC in visual regions,sensorimotor regions,and the cerebellar cortex(voxels size of 17-77,t=-5.06--3.42,P＜0.05).Patients with RPD exhibited decreased VMHC in the prefrontal cortex and sensorimotor regions.Both LPD and RPD groups had increased VMHC in subcortical regions.When compared with the RPD group,the LPD group displayed decreased VMHC in the visual regions,sensorimotor regions(voxels=16 and 18; t=-3.68and-3.87,respectively,both P＜0.05) and increased VMHC in the supramarginal gyrus(voxels=4,t=4.72,P＜0.05);ROI-based correlation analyses indicated that the VMHC in the inferior occipital gyrus and the postcentral gyrus was negatively correlated with the BDI-Ⅱ scores in the LPD group(r=-0.58 and-0.59,respectively; both P＜0.05),and positively correlated with the MMSE scores(r=0.56 and 0.52,respectively;both P＜0.05).In the RPD group,a positive correlation was found for the VMHC in the supramarginal gyrus and the illness duration(r=0.56,P＜0.05) and for the VMHC in the postcentral gyrus and the(mini-mental state exam) MMSE(r=0.53,P＜0.05).Conclusions The differential pattern of deficits in the interhemispheric coordination integrity in hemi-parkinsonism reflected by VMHC may provide insights into the neurological pathophysiology underlying the asymmetry of symptom appearance in PD.

Ex-RAD (ON01210) is a novel and efficient anti-radiation drug with low toxicity developed by US army and Onconova Pharmaceuticals in recent years. The significant survival advantage and low toxicity of Ex-RAD have contributed to the approval by the FDA as an investigational new drug in December 2008. Meanwhile, the drug is currently in phase I clinical trials in humans. In this paper, the chemical structure, synthesis route, detection method and pharmacological action of Ex-RAD were reviewed, and the appli-cation prospect of Ex-RAD was also explored.

OBJECTIVE:To develop a method for the determination of valsartan concentration in human plasma and urine. METHODS:Plasma sample were acidified and extracted with diethyl ether for analysis,and urine sample was diluted directly for analysis. The samples were all determined by LC-MS/MS,and the separation was performed on a Aglient ZORBAX SB-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid (gradient elution) at flow rate of 0.2 ml/min. Ion transition was determined ESI ion source under multiple ion reaction monitoring with quantitative pair m/z 436.4→253.2 and qualitative ion pair m/z 436.4→291.3 for valsartan,and quantitative pair m/z 423.4→207.1 and m/z 423.4→180.2 for internal standard losartan. RE-SULTS:The linear range of valsartan were 4-5 000 ng/ml in plasma and 20-50 000 ng/ml in urine;the limit of quantification were 4 ng/ml and 20 ng/ml;plasma extraction recovery of valsartan were 61.21%-70.30%. The variation coefficient of internal standard normalized matrix effect were 3.20% and 11.21%. The within-day and between-day RSDs were no more than 8.34%. CONCLU-SIONS:The method is proved to be rapid and sensitive,and suitable for the determination of valsartan in human plasma and urine and pharmacokinetics study.

Objective To evaluate the blood supply features and effectiveness of arterial chemoembolization for pedunculated hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods Angiography and chemoembolization via supplying blood arteries of tumor were performed in five patients with pedunculated hepatocellular carcinoma.Interventional procedure was carried out with tumor vascular infusion of 350 mg hot elemene emulsion and tumor embolization by cisplantin-lipidol emulsion(cisplantin 60-80 mg+lipidol 8-15 ml)and glutin.Results Ten interventional procedures(TACE)were undertaken in 5 patients.Angiography showed that tumor blood supply mainly coming from collateral circulation adjacent to the tumors,but partially from hepatic artery.Tumor sizes decreased from 30% to 50% in 5 cases,and AFP declined in 4 cases after the treatment. Conclusion Pedunculated hepatocellular carcinoma possessing different blood supply features from intrahepatocellular carcinomas.But transarterial ehemoembolization is still an effective method of choice for this treatment.