Objective; To explore mechanism of Zhongjiling tablet treats experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis on rats. Methods:Normal mice, immunosuppressive mice and EAMG rats were used to investigate the mechanism. Results:Zhongjiling tablet enhanced T and B cells proliferation of normal mice and immunosuppressive mice induced by ConA or LPS, and increased the production of IL-2. T cell proliferation of EAMG rats was improvement stimulated by AChR and decline by ConA. Zhongjiling tablet inhibited the improvement by AChR and enhanced the decline by ConA, and reduced the expression of IFN-? and IL-4 mRNA. Zhongjiling tablet also induced the apoptosis of CD4 + T lymphocyte stimulated by AChR. Conclusion: Zhongjiling tablet increased immunity of normal mice, immunosuppressive mice and EAMG rats. But it suppressed specific T lymphocyte proliferation induced by AChR and reduced the expression of IFN-? and IL-4 mRNA. It was probably one of mechanisms Zhongjiling tablet induced the apoptosis AChR specific CD4+T lymphocyte.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of emodin in the treatment of acute pancreatitis in rats.Methods Forty-five SD rats were divided into control group,pancreatitis group and treatment group.The apoptotic index of pancreatic acinar cells.the expression of NF-κB mRNA and Bax mRNA,the apoptosis rate of peripheral polymorphonuclear neutrophil(PMN),and the expression of PMN caspase-3 and PMN caspase-8 were detected.Results Compared with the panereatitis group,the apoptotic index of pancreatic acinax cells and PMN,and the expressions of NF-κB mRNA,Bax mRNA.PMN caspase-3 and PMN caspase-8 in pancreas tissue were significantly increased in the treatment group(F=853.199,327.126,143.586,48.857,231.750,96.552,P＜0.05).The histopathologic score of panereatitis Was negatively correlated with the apoptotic index of the pancreatic acinar cells and PMN(r=-0.96,-0.94,P＜0.05).The apeptotic index ofthe pancreatic acinar cells Was positively correlated with the expression of NF-κB mRNA,Bax mRNA in pancreas tissue(r=0.73,0.76,P＜0.05).The expression of NF-κB mRNA was positively correlated withthat of Bax mRNA(r=0.94,P＜0.05).The apoptotie index of PMN was positively correlated with the expression of PMN caspase-3 and PMN caspase-8 (r=0.99,0.99.P＜0.05).Conclusions Emodin alleviates acute pancreatitis via regulating the apoptosis of pancreatic acinar cells through Bax pathway,and regulating the PMN apoptosis through caspase pathway.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestation,pathological characteristics,neurological imaging,indications,operative approach and microsurgieal technique of surgery for brain stem tumor.Methods 17 cases of brain stem tumor treated by applying microsurgical skills were retrospectively analyzed from Jan.2002 to Dec.2007.Ten cases were operated via the suboccipito-retromastoid approach,among which 5 situated in pons,3 in medulla oblongata and 2 invoved both pens and medulla oblongata;4 cases were performed via the posteromedian-suboccipital approach,among which 2 located in pens,1 in medulla oblongata and 1 involved both midbrain and pens;3 lesions situated in varying sites of mesencephalon were operated by the suboceipito-supratentorial,infratemporal approach and pterional approach respectively.Results In the series of the patients,lesion was totally excised in 6 cases,subtotally in one,without surgical mortality.All patients were followed up for years ranging from 5 months to 4 years.During the follow-up period,seven patients resumed work and normal life;4 patients could perform physical labor;3 patients obtained self care capability;2 patients needed to be taken care of,1 patient died from pneumonia after discharge.Conclusion Fine therapeutic efficacy and low disability rate could be obtained while applying microsurgical techniques to resect brain stem tumors with correct indication,appropriate approach and elaborate microneurosurgical skills.

BACKGROUND: Serious scalding leads to dysfunction of each aspect in immune system, and activated macrophage can secret many bioactive transmitters. The relationship between macrophage dysfunction and signal conduction after scalding is unclear at present.OBJECTIVE: To observe the alternation of tumor necrosis factor- alpha(TNF-α) at different time points after scalding and the activity of nuclear factor κB(NF-κB) and alternation of protein kinase C (PKC) after the application of specific modulator H-7 to explore whether PKC participates in the modulation of TNF-α in macrophage on signal conduction level for the clarification of some mechanisms of macrophage dysfunction.DESIGN: A randomized controlled experimental study by employing experimental animals as subjectsSETTING: An institute of burn research of a military medical university MATERIALS: The study was conducted in the Laboratory (state) of the Institute of Burn Research, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA between January and December 1999. Experimental animals were 32 healthy clean inbreeding Kunming white mice.METHODS: 15% Ⅲ scalding was created in mice for the establishment of routine scalding model. Mice were randomly divided into 6 groups according to different time points before or after scalding, I.e. 0(normal control group), 2, 6, 12, 24, or 48 hours group. Celiac macrophages were collected for the detection of TNF-α content by radioimmunoassay, NF-κB activity by electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA), and membrane or plasma PKC activity by isotope analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① TNF-α content; ② NF-κB activity; ③Membrane or plasma PKC activity RESULTS: After scalding, macrophage excessively secreted TNF-α and reached its peak of (1 085.65 ± 122.99) ng/L at 12 hours, which was significantly higher than that of control group( t = 14.92, P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared with control group, membrane PKC activity increased after scalding, which significantly heightened to(231.80 ± 31.66) nmol/min · g at 2hours( t = 7. 930, P ＜ 0.01 ), slightly decreased to close to normal level of (174.29±16.80) nmol/min· gat 6hours(t=2.531, P ＜0.05), and rapidly elevated at 12 hours [512. 10 ±33.42) nmol/min · g] and 24 hours [ (454.70 ± 21.06) nmol/min · g] to reach its peak of(530.49 ± 28.54)nmol/min. G at 48 hours( t = 29.42, 28.03, 30. 19, P ＜ 0. 01 ). Correlation analysis of the alternation between TNF-α and membrane PKC indicated a significant positive correlation( r = 0. 796 4, P ＜ 0. 05) . As indicated by EMSA image, NF-κB activity significantly elevated after scalding. Twelve hours after scalding was set as modulation point, NF-κB activity was significantly inhibited by the application of H-7.CONCLUSION: The secretion of TNF-α and the activities of PKC and NF-κB are significantly activated in celiac macrophage after scalding, and PKC-NF-κB signal pathway participates in the modulation of TNF-α expression, which provide experimental data for the modulation of immune function and rehabilitative intervention during scalding.serious scalding.

BACKGROUND: Severe scald injury leads to a variety of disorders in the immune system. Activated macrophages are known to secrete many kinds of biologically active transmitter, but the relation between the functional disorder of the macrophages and signal transduction after burn injury has not been fully understood.OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes in nuclear factor(NF) -κκB activity and expressions of IκκB-α and tumor necrosis factor(TNF) -α in peritoneal macrophage of mice at different time points after severe scald injury and after the application of specific NF-κκB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), thereby to explore the mechanism of macrophage dysfunction in light of signal transduction.DESIGN: A randomized controlled experimental research.SETTING: State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the State Key Laboratory of Institute of Burn Research, Third Military Medical University during the period from January to June, 1999, using 30 healthy clean-grade Kunming mice of inbred strain.INTERVENTIONS: Common scald injury models(with third degree burn of 15% total body surface area) were established in the mice, which were randomized into 6 groups according to different time points after the injury for observation, namely 0 hour(normal control group) and postburn 2, 6, 12,24 and 48 hours. Peritoneal macrophages were collected at these time points for examining TNF-α content using radio-immunoassay and NF-κκB activity by means of electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA). The expressions of IκκB-α and TNF-α mRNA were determined by immunoblotting method and reverse transcription-PCR, respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Examinations of ① the content of TNF-α, ② NF-κκB activity,③ expression of IκB-α, and ④ expression of TNF-α mRNA.RESULTS: Macrophage secretion of TNF-α was enhanced postburn, reaching the peak level at 12 hours[(1085.65 ± 122.99) ng/L], which was significantly higher than that in the normal control group( t = 14.92, P ＜ 0.01) .Postburn NF-κκB activity significantly increased after the injury, peaking at 2 hours[ (56. 8 ± 7.3)RDU], which occurred much earlier than the peak of TNF-α secretion( t=13. 31, P ＜ 0.01 ). Compared with that in the normal control group, IκB-α expression decreased significantly 2 hours postburn ( t =4. 23, P ＜ 0. 01) to 0. 632 ±0. 086, followed by gradual increase to the peak level to 1. 161 ± 0. 097 24 hours after the burn injury( t = 7.06, P＜ 0. 01) and then by slight decrease to 1. 149 ±0. 167 till 48 hours(t = 4. 82, P ＜ 0.01) . Twelve hours after injury was the time point for intervention with PDTC application, when NF-κκB activity and TNF-α mRNA expression both decreased significantly( P ＜ 0.01 ).CONCLUSION: NF-κB activity and TNF-αmRNA expression decrease significantly after severe scald. At high levels, IκB-α and NF-κκB maintain an interaction for their restriction. After burn injury, NF-κκB signal transduction pathway is involved in the modulation of TNF-α expression in mouse peritoneal macrophage.

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of shenduqing Granules on chronic renal insufficiency in rats. Methods: The rat model of chronic renal insufficiency was made by feeding 0.75% adenine forage. The blood biochemical indexes, ion concentration in serum of rat was measured and the pathological changes of rat kidney were observed. Results: Shenduqing Granules obviously increased thymus index (TI). The weight of rat kidney in the treatment group was lighter than that of the model group. The kidney histomorphological study showed that Shenduqing Granules obvionsly reduce the pathological changes. The drug crystals were also reduced. Conclusion: Shenduqing Granules has the potential protection against chronic renal insufficiency in rats.

Objective: To explore cytokine mechanism of Zhongjiling Tablet therapy to experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). Methods: Lewis rats were immunized with N2-AChR(from Torpedo's electrical organ)in CFA. ELISA were adopted to determine IFN-?,IL-4,TGF-? levels in serum and surpernatant fluids and anti-N2-AChR total IgG,IgG1,IgG2 titers in serum of EAMG on week 7 post immunization and treatment.Results:In serum and surpernatant fluids:IFN-?,IL-4 level in model group were dramatically higher than CEA group ( P

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct stenting technique in emergent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)for pa?tients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI). Methods Totally 460 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent emergent PCI during August 2010 to July 2013 were involved,among whom 346 patients were assigned to the control group(traditional balloon dilation and stenting),114 patients were assigned to the experiment group(direct stenting). The safety and efficacy of direct stenting technique was observed. Results In the control group,7 cases had no reflow during operation,2 cases had reflow after the pre?expansion and 5 cases after stent implanta?tion,no similar cases in the experiment group(P=0.125 9). The follow?ups showed the control group had 2 cases of major adverse cardiac events including 1 case of acute stent thrombosis who required urgent revascularization,and 1 case of cardiac death at four days after operation;the experi?ment group had 1 case of stent thrombosis,there was no statistically significant difference(P=0.730 7). Conclusion Direct stenting technique may be performed selectively for certain coronary diseases when performing emergent PCI for AMI.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of balloon dilation in acute thrombus disease. Methods After coronary angiography, 137 patients with acute thrombus disease who were performed percutaneous coronary artery interventional therapy (PCI) from August 2010 to August 2012 were enrolled. In them, 53 patients (control group) didn′t undergo balloon dilation after PCI, and 84 patients(observation group)underwent balloon dilation after PCI. The intraoperative complications and the major adverse cardiac events (MACE) rate were observed. Results The rate of residue stenosis in observation group was lower than that in control group:(6.7 ± 1.3)% vs. (17.1 ± 1.8)%, and there was significant difference (P<0.05). The operation time in observation group was higher than that in control group:(57 ± 26) min vs.(48 ± 32) min, and there was significant difference (P<0.05). The no-reflow or slow flow after PCI in observation group was 3.8%(2/53), in control group was 3.6%(3/84), and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The follow-up time was (0.9 ± 0.2) years. In control group, myocardial infarction occurred in 2 patients, 7 patients reviewed coronary angiography, and 2 patients underwent revascularization. In observation group, there was no MACE. Five patients reviewed coronary angiography, and no patient underwent revascularization. Conclusions The method of balloon dilation after PCI in acute thrombus disease is safe and feasible. It can reduce the incidence of MACE, and did not increase the rate of no-reflow or slow flow.

This paper analyzes the reason of spurious image and discusses how to control quality and correct image for the requirement of quality control.