The incidence of breast tumors has increasing trend year by year recently.Ultrasound has become a main means of screening and diagnosis in breast tumors for its lack of radiation,harmlessness to op- erator and patient,convenience and repeatrbility.Grey-scale uhrasonography,color doppler flow imaging,col- or doppler energy contrast enhanced ultrasonogrphy,3-D ultrasonography,elastomography,ultrasound-guided biopsy are main methods for both detection and differentiation in breast tumors.The purpose of this paper is to review the applications of these techniques in breast tumors diagnosis.

Object To select the cell line of Ginkgo biloba L that may produce high yield of ginkgolide B (GB) in suspension culture and to study the stability of GB in subculture Methods Calculus was induced with stem, root and leaf of selected elite species and high yield suspension cell lines chosen by hypoxia stress Results Seven suspension cell lines with improved yield of GB were obtained Among which cell line MH 3 gave a 3 71 fold increase of cellular bioproduct with an increased content up to 302 ?g/g DW after culturing for 18 d, a leading record country wide In shaking bottle culture, it showed a consistent yield of GB with a content of 291 ?g/g DW in 6 successive subcultures, coefficient of variation=0 131 Conclusion The suspension cell line selected by hypoxia stress gave a higher yield and stability in successive transfer culture

Objective To investigate the differences in sex hormone levels between hypospadias and circumcision groups.Methods Fifty cases of circumcision and 137 cases of hypospadias the dihydmtestosterone (DHT) value was tested with radioimmunoassay,and testosterone was tested with lightimmunoassay.Results DHT value was (64.51 ±32.10)pg/ml in circumcision group,and (46.72 ±28.94)pg/ml in hypospadias group (P ＜0.05).DHT value in hypospadias type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ were (50.20 ±32.90)pg/ml,(46.63 ±25.67)pg/rnl,(51.60 ±32.16)pg/ral,and (39.02 ±26.32)pg/ml,respectively (P =0.29).The differences between circumcision and hypospadias groups were statistically significant (P =0.00).Luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) in children with hypospadias were significantly lower than those in children in the circumcision group (P ＜ 0.05).No statistically significant difference was found between two groups in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),estradiol (F2),and prolactin (PRL) (P ＞ 0.05).No statistically significant differences were found in FSH among all types of hypospadias (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Inadequate secretion of T or activity insufficiency and functional deficiency of 5 alpha reductase (SRD5A) are likely found in children with hypospadia.Inadequate secretion and low T value might be found in LH-T shaft in children with hypospadia.The normal T value in some children with hypospadia does not show that androgens produced during pregnancy are normal.

BACKGROUND:Distal femur is a predilection site for primary bone tumors, most of which are treated with salvage treatment. There are many reports on the early-stage, mid-term and prognosis of the distal femur tumor-type artificial knee joint prosthesis, but reports on long-term function and prognosis are less.
OBJECTIVE:To study the long-term prognosis and limb function after treatment with rotating-hinge knee prosthesis.
METHODS:Thirty-four patients with distal femoral bone tumors admitted to the Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between January 2000 and June 2008 were retrospectively analyzed, including 19 males and 15 females. Al patients were subjected to rotating hinge knee prosthesis replacement.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The mean fol ow-up period was 62.4 months (range 11 to 126 months). At the final of fol ow-up, 23 patients were event-free alive and 11 patients were dead. Seven of 23 survival patients suffered from prosthesis related complications, including four cases of prosthesis revision and three cases of amputation. The event-free survival rate of 23 patients undergoing replacement of domestic tumor prosthesis around the knee was 67.6%in 5 years. The mean functional score of affected limb was 19.30 (7 to 27 points):excellent in 6 cases, good in 16, fine in 5 and poor in 2. The excellent-good rate was 75.9%. The clinical outcomes suggested that the satisfactory limb function and survival rate could be achieved with the application of domestic tumor prosthesis replacement for treatment of malignant bone tumors around the knee.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) on salivary gland function in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Methods:In total, 101 NPC patients who were admitted from March 2010 to November 2012 were enrolled in this study. The parotid gland, the submandibular gland, and the oral cavity were sketched as the organs at risk (OARs). The patients were treated with IMRT and were evaluated through a face-to-face interview using a dry mouth assessment ques-tionnaire during the follow-up visits at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. The dose volume histogram of the salivary gland of the patients was also considered. Results:The mean doses (MDs) in the parotid gland were 37.4 and 33.8 Gy in the affected and uninjured sides, respec-tively. Meanwhile, the MDs in the submandibular glands were 51.6 and 45.7 Gy in the affected and uninjured sides, respectively. The MD of the oral cavity was 38.2 Gy. At 6 months after the treatment, the symptom of xerostomia was significantly improved in 77.2%of the patients (78/101). One year later, only less than 5%of the patients complained of having G3 or higher-grade xerostomia. Conclu-sion:With time, xerostomia significantly improved after the radiotherapy. At least one of the V30 to V35 of the parotid gland was≤50.0%, whereas at least one of the V40 to V45 of the submandibular glands was≤66.7%~50.0%. The MD for the oral cavity should be<40 Gy to effectively protect salivary gland function.

Objective To investigated the protective ways of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)for submandibular gland function in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods From March 2010 to November 2012,101 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were enrolled into study.They were treated with IMRT and evaluated by face to face dry mouth questionnaire during the follow-up of 3,6,12,18,24 and more than 24 months,meanwhile,their dose volume histogram of submandibular gland were taken into consideration.Results The average contralateral median dose and that of ipsilateral submandibular gland were (45.69±7.22) Gy and (51.64±8.20) Gy,respectively,and the V35,V40,V45,V50 were 95.82 ％,69.99 ％,46.90 ％,25.50 ％,and 100 ％,96.50 ％,82.24 ％,60.98 ％,respectively.There were positive relationship between the xerostomia grading of 3,6,and 12 months after radiotherapy and the average dose of submandibular gland or the V35,V40,V45,V50.After 6 month,the xerostomia in 77.2 ％ (78/101) was significantly improved,and after 12 months,less than 5 ％ of patient complained about G3 or more grade of xerostomia.Conclusions When using IMRT in nasopharyngeal carcinoma,it' s necessary to reduce the irradiated volume and the dose of submandibular gland.It is confined that the median dose of contralateral submandibular gland should be less than 40-45 Gy,and V40 or V45 ≤66.7 ％ or ≤50 ％,which can effectively protect the function of salivary gland.

Animals ; Brain Injuries ; metabolism ; therapy ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical effect and related risk factors of Gartland type II-III supracondylar fractures of humerus in children in the emergency closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation.

METHODSFrom January 2008 to June 2013,112 children of Gartland type II to III supracondylar humeral fractures were treated in children in emergency closed reduction and percutaneous K-wire fixation, including 72 males and 40 females with an average age of 6.2 years old ranging from 2 to 11 years old. Among them,74 cases were in Gartland type II fractures,38 cases were in type III; The duration from injury to surgery time was 2.5 to 8 hours (averaged 4.6 hours). Elbow cast was applied after operation with the elbow extended of 100 degrees for 4 to 6 weeks, then the gypsum and Kirschner wires were removed.

RESULTSAll patients were follow-up from 6 to 60 months (averaged 12 months). All fractures reached clinical healing. The final follow-up was assessed by Flynn criteria, the result was excellent in 86 cases, good in 23 cases, general in 3 cases, excellent and good rate was 97.3%. Three patients had mild cubitus varus deformity without orthopedic treatment. No pin tract infections, iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury, compartment syndrome, and complications such as Volkmann ischemic contracture occurred.

CONCLUSIONClosed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation had advantages of exact reduction, firm fixation, fewer complications ,less pain in children undergoing emergency surgery, and.high success rate, so it is a safe and efficient treatment for humeral supracondylar fracture in children.

Bone Wires ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; surgery ; Male ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures

OBJECTIVETo investigate the typical features of contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging in malignant lymphoma after treatment with integrated Chinese and Western medicine.

METHODSTen patients with malignant lymphoma after different treatment cycles were examined with contrast-enhanced sonography, including 21 lymphnodes (in the neck, space of iliac blood vessels, retroperitoneum) and 7 spleen infiltrations.

RESULTSThe blood flow pattern distribution in lymph node before freatment was significantly different from that after trentment showed either by color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) or by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS, P < 0.05), and the difference in splenic lesion was shown by CEUS (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONContrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging is a valuable tool for the follow-ups of malignant lymphoma after chemotherapy and guiding subsequent treatment.

Contrast Media ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Lymphoma ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color

Objective Our study was aimed to study the clinical effect of carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of adult laryn -geal papilloma . Methods Clinical data of patients with adult laryngeal papilloma received treatment at our hospital from January 2012 to June 2014 was retrospectively analyzed .Patients were divided into two groups according to the type of treatment , observation group:received carbon dioxide laser treatment;control group:received tumor forceps treatment .Participants included 61 cases of pa-tients, the observation group of 26 cases, control group 35 cases.Compare the general clinical data , short-term clinical effects(opera-tion time, length of hospital stay , complications , short-term curative effect ) , the change of immune inflammation indexes before and after operation and postoperative recurrence in 1 year of two groups patients. Results The operation time and the length of hospital stay in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group[(33.66 ±4.71)min vs (37.19 ±5.21)min,(4.07 ±1.25)d vs (4.83 ±1.38)d, P<0.05].On the 3th day, The levels of CRP、IL-6、TNF-αand IL-1βin observation group were ( 6.15 ±1.67 ) mg/L, (6.51 ±1.12)ng/L, (23.56 ±4.16)ng/L, (5.25 ±1.21) ng/L, those in control group were (12.20 ±3.41)mg/L, (15.63 ±
4.11) ng/L, (36.16 ±7.37) ng/L, (12.63 ±4.12) ng/L.The differences of these parameters between the two groups were signifi-cant (P<0.001).Observation group patients had a lower rate of recurrence 1 year after surgery than that of control group patients (12.00%vs 37.93%, P=0.029). Conclusion In the treatment of adult laryngeal papilloma , carbon dioxide laser can achieve a better minimally invasive and lower postoperative recurrence when compare to tumor forceps treatment .