Objective: To study the effects of growth factors, altitude, and illumination (shady slope and sunny slope) on anthraquinones and tannins in medicinal rhubarb, and to find the theoretical basis for choosing the optimum growth conditions for rhubarb. Methods: The contents of aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, emodin, chrysophanol-1-O-glucoside, emodin-8-O-glucoside and (+)-catechin of different growth years at different altitudes and with different illumination were analyzed by variance analysis. Results: The mean contents of free anthraquinones in 1-, 2-, and 3-year rhubarb were 4.26, 5.18, and 8.10 mg/g, respectively. The mean contents of conjugated anthraquinones were 4.67, 5.62, and 6.76 mg/g, and the contents of (+)-catechin were 3.12, 4.18, and 4.72 mg/g, respectively. There were significant differences among the three altitude ranges of (1 300 ± 50), (1 500 ± 50), and (1 700 ± 50) m. There were significant differences between (1 300 ± 50) m and (1 500 ± 50) m and (1 700 ± 50) m in three different growth years (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between shady slope and sunny slope in three different growth years and different altitudes (1 300 ± 50 m, 1 500 ± 50 m, 1 700 ± 50 m) (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The contents of anthraquinones and tannins in rhubarb increase significantly with the increase of altitude with the same growth range and in the same growth year. There is significant difference between the growth years. When the illumination (shady slope and sunny slope) was different, there is no significant difference in the anthraquinone and tannin contents, but the average contents of anthraquinone and tannin in the sunny slope are higher than those in the shady slope. Artificial cultivation of medicinal rhubarb should be selected at an altitude of 1 400 m above the growth year of not less than 3 years, direct sunshine environment, which is conducive to improve the total contents of anthraquinone and tannin in medicinal rhubarb.

Objective: To establish an HPLC method for determing nine components from the leaves of Rheum officinale, such as gallic acid, senna glycosides B, rhubarb phenol-1-O-glucoside, emodin-8-O-glucoside, aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, rhubarb, and emodin methyl ether, as well as to explore the scientific evidence for reasonable exploitation and utilization of medicinal rhubarb leaf. Methods: Takeing C18 chromatographic column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 microns), methanol-0.2% acetic acid water as mobile phase, gradient elution and flow rate of 1 mL/min, column temperature 30℃, and detection wavelength of 260 nm. Results: Gallic acid, senna glycosides B, rhubarb phenol-1-O-glucoside, emodin-8-O-glucoside, aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, rhubarb, and emodin methyl ether had the good linear relationship, respectively in the range of 20.2-606.0, 79.3-2 379.0, 10.1-301.8, 14.8-443.7, 0.7-2.2, 0.13-3.9, 12.4-372.0, 38.8-1 164.0, 6.2-185.4 ng (r > 0.999 6); The nine kinds of the ingredients of the average recovery were 95.76% - 95.76%, RSD was 1.46% - 2.43%. Conclusion: This method is simple and accurate, and with good effect and reliable results for the separation and determination of the components from the leaves of R. officinale, which can provide the reference for its rational development and utilization.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the relative association of soft tissue tension and cervical physiological curvature chang in patients with scapula muscle fasciitis.

METHODSFrom February 2012 to December 2012,29 patients with scapula muscle fasciitis were investigated. There were 10 males and 19 females with an average age of 27.77 years old (ranged from 22 to 40 years old). Routine AP and lateral cervical X-rays were done in all patients. Cervical lordosis was measured according to Borden's method and the pain point tension was measured by soft tissue tension meter. Finally,perform statistic analysis to bove data.

RESULTSLateral X-rays showed 9 cases were normal cervical lordosis, 18 cases were cervical lordosis decreased, 2 cases were cervical lordosis increased. The regression equation of cerical lordosis changes D(Y) and soft tissue tension displacement D0.5 kg (X) was Y = -15.069 + 3.673X.

CONCLUSIONThere is linear relationship between soft tissue tension and cervical physiological curvature change. With the soft tissue tension increases, the cervical lordosis trend to decrease.

Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cervical Vertebrae ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Fasciitis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mechanical Phenomena ; Scapula ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Young Adult

Objective To discuss the role of leukocyte activation and inflammatory processes in the disease of chronic venous insufficiency(CVI).Methods The relevant literatures about the role of leukocyte activation and in- flammatory reaction in CVI were reviewed.Results The role of inflammatory reaction in occurrence and develop- ment of venous diseases has been studied a lot in recent years.It was found that the leukocyte activation and inflam- matory reaction are involved in the structural remodeling of venous valves and walls,leading to valvular incompe- tence and formation of varicose veins.Conclusion Leukocyte activation and inflammatory processes take important roles in the occurrence and progression of CVI.

AIM : To investigate the effects of the new K ATP channel opener, iptakalim (Ipt), on the Parkinsonian symptoms induced by haloperidol in rats. METHODS : Using L -DOPA as the positive drug, the influences of Ipt on latency time, walking time, rearing and grooming of the parkinsonian-like rats induced by haloperidol were observed. RESULTS : Ipt ameliorated hypolocomotion and assuaged catalepsy induced by haloperidol in rats. Moreover, the effects of Ipt ( 0.5 mg?kg -1) were better than those of L -DOPA (100 mg?kg -1). CONCLUSION : Opening of K ATP channels may play a key role in improving Parkinsonian symptoms induced by haloperidol in rats.

Objective To evaluate Persicae Semen-Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (PS-RRR) of different compatibility of acute blood stasis rats blood rheology and blood coagulation function, and to reveale the effect of PS-RRR for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis effect scope, nature, and degree of interaction. Methods With ice water bath and injected adrenaline hydrochloride copy of acute blood stasis rats model, different ratio (0:1, 1:5, 2:5, 2:3, 1:1, 3:2, 5:2, 5:1, and 1:0) of different concentration of PS-RRR was given for later. Through the determination of whole blood viscosity (WBV), blood sedimentation (ESR), erythrocyte aggregation index (EAI), prothrombin time (PT), partial thrombin (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB) content of coagulation, thrombin time (TT), and the blood rheology of blood stasis rats was observed, the influence of the blood coagulation indexes. Then response surface analysis and multi-index comprehensive index method of PS-RRR different compatibility of promoting blood circulation was used to remove blood stasis effect comprehensive comparative analysis. Results The ratio of PS-RRR between 2:3 to 3:2 showed obvious synergy (strength of synergy: -0.8); In PS dose from 5.5-10 g and RRR dose from 2.1-5.8 g area showed the antagonism function (antagonism effect strength maximum: 0.6); While other percentage did not show obvious synergy or antagonism. Conclusion The results of reveal that scope, nature, and degree of PS-RRR for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis interaction effect, the and its prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and clinical use of PS-RRR 1:1 is consistent with the highest frequency of conclusion. PS-RRR provides scientific basis for clinical applications.

Objective To evaluate preventive effect of polysaccharides from Lycium ruthenicum Murray against photodamage in HaCaT cells,and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods Ultrasoundassisted extraction was used to extract polysaccharides from Lycium ruthenicum Murray in Qaidam Basin.In vitro cultured HaCaT cells were randomly divided into 3 groups:control group receiving no treatment,ultraviolet B (UVB) group irradiated with 30 nJ/cm2 UVB alone for 1 hour,experimental group pretreated with 2 g/L Lyeium ruthenicum polysaccharide solution followed 6 hours later by 30 mJ/cm2 UVB radiation for 1 hour.At twelve hours after UVB radiation,an inverted microscope was used to observe cell morphology.Then,MTS assay was performed to estimate cell proliferation,flow cytometry to detect cell apoptosis,an enzyme-labeled antigen method to detect levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px),as well as to evaluate the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT),and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure levels of intedeukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in HaCaT cells and their culture supernatant.Results Compared with the control group,the UVB group showed obscure cell morphology,cell death and floating phenomenon,while cells became swollen but renained morphologically distinct in the experimental group.MTS assay revealed that the cell proliferative activity significantly differed among the above 3 groups (F =48.88,P ＜ 0.01),and the cell proliferative activity was significantly lower in the UVB group (1.72 ± 0.12) than in the control group (2.34 ± 0.11,P ＜ 0.05) and experimental group (2.11 ± 0.10,P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,the apoptosis rate was significantly higher in the UVB group (82.41％ ± 2.49％) than in the control group (3.98％ ± 0.19％,P ＜ 0.05) and experimental group (22.79％ ± 0.97％,P ＜ 0.05),as well as higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group,the UVB group showed significantly higher levels of MDA,supernatant levels of IL-1 and TNF-α,and intracellular levels of TNF-α,but significantly lower GSH-Px levels and activity of SOl and CAT (all P ＜ 0.05).However,there was no signifi-cant difference in the intracellular level of TNF-α between the UVB group and control group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Lycium ruthenicum polysaccharide has protective effects against photodamage in HaCaT cells,likely by reducing the synthesis and secretion of inflammatory substances as well as free radicals.

Neuroglobin(NGB),widely and specially expressed in neurons of various vertebrates,was reported to be a scavenger of reactive oxygen species and/or a stress-responsive sensor for neuroprotection of hypoxic and ischemic insults.However,the underlying mechanism remained unknown.It is important for the functional study of NGB by preparing the protein samples.To address it,the human neuroglobin cDNA fragment was amplified by RT-PCR from human fetus brain and cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pBV220,and then transformed into E.coli HB101 cells for expression.The expressed protein was purified by gel filtration and anion exchange column followed with SDS-PAGE and Western blot identification,and then desalting by sephadex G-25 medium.The prepared neuroglobin was further identified by mass spectrometry and N-terminal amino acid sequencing analysis.The expressed bacterium,the lysate supernatant and the purified protein samples had visible red color,showing a typical activity of the globin family proteins.In conclusion,the neuroglobin was not only expressed in soluble form with high-efficiency in E.coli,but could also be easily purified with only two steps.The preparation of the NGB proteins will advance the neuroprotective function and mechanism studies of the novel globin.

· AIM: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of anterior lens capsule inclusion in combined trabeculectomy and cataract surgery in preventing scar formation of the filtering bleb in rabbit model.· METHODS: Twerty-Four eyes (12 rabbits) with glaucoma model were studied, anterior lens capsule inclusion in trabeculectomy with the small-incision cataract surgery were performed on all right eyes (experimental group) and no implants were applicator in trabeculectomy with the small-incision cataract surgery on all left eyes (control group). These operated eyes were followed up from day 1 to 6 months postoperatively. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured and filtering blebs were observed after surgery. Other main outcome measures: cornea、conjunctiva、formation of the anterior chamber, anterior chamber depth、inflammatory reaction、achievement ratio of operation and complications were analyzed. On week 1, 2, 4, 12 and 24 after surgery the animal were killed in batch. Tissue was harvested from the bleb area and was made pathological section. HE staining、light microscope and micro photo analysis technique were applied to observe the cytological and histopathologic characteristics of the filtering tunnels.· RESULTS: There were significant differences between the two groups on IOP (1, 2, 4 weeks)、filtration bleb, achievement ratio of operation and complications. In experimental group, at the first month postoperatively, anterior lens capsule absorption started with inflammatory characteristics. The peak of inflammatory reaction occurred 1 week after operation and all the cells in the filtrating tunnel disappeared 6month after surgery. The fibroblast proliferation in control group occurred at I week and the filtrating tunnel closed with angiogenesis at 1 month after surgery. Fibroblast proliferation started 1week after surgery with no statistical difference during the time course (P ＞0.05). Significant statistical differences were observed by comparing the fibro blasts numbers per unit area in the filtrating tunnel in experimental group and those in control groups (P＜0.05).· CONCLUSION: Anterior lens capsule was totally absorbed at 6 months postoperatively. Anterior lens capsule inclusion in trabeculectomy with cataract surgery can possibly control intraocular pressure effectively, long-term sustainability of functional filtration bleb, inhibition of the proliferation of fibroblasts and opening of the filtrating pathway in the experimental animal models were satisfied. Compared to the control group, anterior lens capsule application has less complication.

AIM: To report one case of huge fungal granuloma in the deep maxillofacial region with its clinical findings,diagnosis and treatment process to improve our understanding of fungal granuloma and lessen misdiagnosis.METHODS: The literature was reviewed with combination of case report.RESULTS: The clinical and imaging findings of fungal granuloma had no specificity and were very subject to misdiagnosis. Confirmed diagnosis needed histopathological examination and bacterial culture.CONCLUSION: Deepened understanding of this disease can decrease misdiagnosis and benefit prompt and proper treatment.