0.05).In SVZ,nNOS expression in ischemic model group was reduced on days 1-14,but increased on day 21;after Ligustrazine administration,nNOS expression was obviously decreased on days 3-14 in all Ligustrazine dose groups,but began to increase on day 21.In CC,nNOS expression in ischemic model group was reduced on days 3-14,and began to increase on day 21;in the different-dose Ligustrazine groups,nNOS expression was significantly decreased on days 3-14,especially in medium-and high-dose groups,but increased on day 21.In striatum and cortex peri-infarction,nNOS expression in ischemic model group was obviously decreased on days 3 and 7,but enhanced on days 14 and 21;in various-dose Ligustrazine groups,nNOS expression was decreased on days 3-21,especially in medium-and high-dose groups,but increased slightly on day 21.In DG and CA1 areas,nNOS expression in ischemic model group was reduced on days 3 and 7,but began to increase on day 14;nNOS expression in all Ligustrazine groups were decreased during 3-21d.There were significant differences between ischemic model group and different-dose Ligustrazine groups at different time points(P

Objective:To study the effects of pioglitazone on atherosclerosis on ApoE-/-mice,and to investigate the roles of adiponectin and its receptors.Methods:ApoE-/-mice were fed with high-fat chow for the induction of atherosclerosis and were divided into three subgroups:placebo(n=10),low-dose[10 mg/(kg?d),n=10] pioglitazone therapy,and high-dose[20 mg/(kg?d),n=10] pioglitazone therapy.C57BL/6J wild type mice(n=9) were used as control.Aortic atherosclerosis and intima-media thickness(intima-media thickness,IMT) of abdominal aorta were monitored,and plasma adiponectin was also measured.Expression levels of the adiponectin receptor 1(AdipoR1)and adiponectin receptor 2(AdipoR2) in vessels were analyzed(RT-PCR).Results:(1) Aortic atherosclerotic lesions were observed in ApoE-/-mice but not in wild type mice.Interestingly,these lesions were significantly prevented by high-dose pioglitazone therapy.Compared with wild type mice,ApoE-/-mice had increased IMT of abdominal aorta [(0.290?0.063 vs 0.178?0.012) cm,P

Objective To explore the effect of Ligustrazine on neurogenesis in cortex after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by left middle cerebral arteryocclusion with asuture. Two hours later, injection of Ligustrazine (80 mg/kg, 1 time/d) was performed peritoneally. Four hours after the ischemia,5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) (50 mg/kg, 1 time/d) was injected peritoneally. At 7 d, 14 d and 21 d after ischemia,BrdU positive cells in the cortex were observed by immunohistochemical staining. Results In ischemic model group, at 7 day, sparsely-distributed BrdU positive cells were observed in the Ⅱ - Ⅵ layers of the ipsilateral cortex, with a band-like distribution in ischemic penumbra. With the prolongation of ischemia, the number of BrdU positive cells increased.In Ligustrazine group, BrdU positive cells were also observed in the Ⅱ - Ⅵ layers of the cortex, with an intense distribution in ischemic penumbra. The numbers of BrdU positive cells at 7 d, 14 d and 21 d were more than those in ischemic model group respectively. Conclusion Ligustrazine increases the proliferated cells in cortex after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. The results suggest that it may be useful for promoting self-repair after ischemia.

AIM AND METHODSTo observe the effect of myocardial mitochondrial L-arginine (L-Arg)/nitric oxide (NO) system on mitochondrial Ca2+ transport by using purified rat mitochondria and incubation of them in vitro.

RESULTSCompared with control group, incubation of mitochondria with L-Arg (10(-4) mol/L, NO substrate) or sodium nitroprusside (5 x 10(-7) mol/L, the donor of exogenous NO, SNP) increased significantly mitochondrial NO2- (66% and 89%, P < 0.01), respectively, and decreased the Ca2+ content (40% and 54%, P < 0.01). After L-Arg or SNP treatment, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake were decreased by 67% and 85%, respectively (P < 0.01), vs control. The rate of mitochondrial Ca2+ release decreased by 11% and 8%, respectively (P < 0.01). When L-NAME (NO synthase inhibitor) was incubated with mitochondria and the L-Arg together, it inhibited the effects of L-Arg, NO2 on the mitochondrial NO2 formation, Ca2+ content descending, and decrease of Ca2+ uptake and release.

CONCLUSIONThe data suggest that myocardial mitochondrial L-Arg /NO systems take part in the regulation of cardiomyocytes Ca2+ transportation.

Animals ; Arginine ; metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Mitochondria, Heart ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

In this study, we observed the levels of adrenomedullin (ADM) and proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) in myocardium and aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) in comparison with Wistar-kyoto (WKY) rats. Contents of ADM and PAMP were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in plasma, myocardium and aorta. The amount of Pro-ADM mRNA of myocardium and aorta was determined by competitive quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In SHRs the amounts of Pro-ADM mRNA of myocardium and aorta were 66.7% (P<0.01) and 73% (P<0.01) higher than those in WKY rat, respectively. In SHRs, the levels of ADM in plasma, myocardium and aorta were 29%, 76.7% and 79% (all P<0.01) higher than those in WKY rats, respectively. The level of PAMP in SHRs was increased by 42.5% in plasma (P<0.01), 47.2% in myocardium (P<0.0.1) and 27.3% in aorta (P<0.05) compared to WKY rats, respectively. In addition, the ratio of ADM content to PAMP content in SHRs group was increased compared with that in WKY group (2.0+/-0.25 vs 1.64+/-0.3 and 2.2+/-0.18 vs 1.56+/-0.28, in myocardium and aorta, respectively, P<0.01). These results suggest that ProADM gene expression is up-regulated and the increase in ADM and PAMP is different in SHRs. The significance of inconsistency of increase in ADM and PAMP in SHRs needs to be further investigated.
Adrenomedullin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Aorta ; metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Inbred WKY ; Up-Regulation

The aim of this study is to establish the method of loop-mediated indirect PCR assay for detection of Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) infection and differentiation of highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) and lowly pathogenic PRRSV (LP-PRRSV). Based on the alignments of ORF2 gene sequences and ORFla gene sequences of PRRSV Chinese isolates deposited in GenBank, two pairs of specific probes were designed and labeled to both ends of the soybean Lectin gene fragment by PCR, respectively. The probe-labeled soybean Lectin genes were used to be reporter genes for detection and differentiation of PRRSV. After one round strand displacement reaction, the reporter genes were amplified by reverse PCR. The specific PCR products were 193bp, 355bp for HP-PRRSV and 193bp, 442bp for LP-PRRSV, respectively. The method could detect 5. 6 TCID50/mL LP-PRRSV RNA and 18 TCIDs0/ mL HP-PRRSV RNA, and co-infection did not affect detection sensitivity. No amplification was observed with other porcine originated pathogens including CSFV, PPV, PRV, PCV2, ETEC and Haemophilus parasui. Twenty clinical samples were used for comparative testing with conventional PCR. Fourteen samples were found positive for PRRSV by the loop-mediated indirect PCR, of which 4 were LP-PRRSV, 9 HP-PRRSV and 1 LP/HP-PRRSV co-infection, consistent with the conventional PCR test results. In conclusion, the loop-mediated indirect PCR is a simple, rapid, sensitive and specific etiologic diagnosis tool, and suitable for the differential diagnosis of HP/LP-PRRSV, especially for identification of mixed infection of HP/LP-PRRSV.
Animals ; Coinfection ; veterinary ; DNA Primers ; genetics ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Genes, Reporter ; Genetic Markers ; genetics ; Humans ; Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome ; diagnosis ; virology ; Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; veterinary ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Swine ; Time Factors ; Viral Proteins ; genetics

AIMThe present study was designed to determined the cardiovascular effects of IMD1-53 in rats and its possible mechanism.

METHODSIsolated rat hearts were perfused by Iangendorff mode, and ventricular function was measured after IMD1-53 perfusion. Meanwhere, we investigated the effects of IMDI) on arterial pressure after intravenous administration of IMD. And cAMP content was detected in rat ventricular and aortic tissues.

RESULTSThe results showed that perfusion with IMD significantly enhanced cardiac function and resulted in higher LVSP, +dp/dt(max) and -dp/dt(max) by 45%, 51% and 37%, respectively, compared with control and increased coronary infusion flow. The effects of IMD1-53 on cardiac function were antagonized by H-89, an inhibitor of PKA. The content of cAMP in the ventricular tissues after IMD perfusion was 131% higher than control. In addition, intravenous administration of IMD induced a potent decrease in arterial pressureand heart rate, and in aortic tissues, IMD incubation resulted in a 236% increase in cAMP content compared with control group.

CONCLUSIONThe study reveals that IMD can increase cardiac function and decrease arterial pressure in rat and the effects may be related to cAMP pathway.

Adrenomedullin ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena ; drug effects ; Cyclic AMP ; metabolism ; Heart ; drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Neuropeptides ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Ventricular Function ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo study the efficacy of total knee anhmplasty (TKA) for the treatment of hemophilic knee arthropathy, and to explore the operative characteristics, the selection of prothesis, the effectiveness and safety of clotting factor replacement treatment.

METHODSFrom January 2008 to June 2010, 10 patients (12 knees)with hemophilic anhropathv underwent TKA. The average age was 33.6 years old (ranged, 17 to 49 years). There was 8 cases of type A hemophilia and 2 cases of type B hemophilia. According to Arnold and Hilgartner classification: 7 knees were IV degree and 5 knees were V degree. The level of VIII factor for replacement treatment was more than 80% on operation day, more than 60% within 3 days after operation, more than 40% from the third day to the second week after operation. Added prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) to improve the level of IX factor, and the level of IX factor for replacement treatment was more than 40% on operation day, more than 30% within 3 days after operation, more than 20% from the third day to the second week after operation. Functional training was mainly based on continuous passive motion (CPM) device after surgery. Clinical assessment included hospital for special surgery knee score (HSS) and the individual scores (including pain, function, activity, muscle strength, flexion deformity and stability).

RESULTSTen patients (12 knees) were followed-up, and the average duration was 11 months (ranged, 6 to 24 months). The average preoperative HSS score was (44.9 +/- 12.5) (ranged, 29 to 62 scores), whereas the average postoperative HSS score was (84.4 +/- 10.2) (ranged 72 to 96 scores) (P < 0.01). The preoperative individual score including pain, function, activity, muscle strength flexion deformity and stability were significantly improved compared with pre-operation, the differences between them were statistically significant (P < 0.01 ). TKA had the distinct role in relieving pain from preoperative (8.5 +/- 4.1) to postoperative (24.5 +/- 4.4).

CONCLUSIONUnder the strict perioperative coagulation factor replacement therapy, TKA is a safe and an effective treatment for hemophmc anhmpathy of knee joint, whicht can effectively relieve pain and improve joint function.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arthritis ; surgery ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; methods ; Female ; Hemarthrosis ; surgery ; Hemophilia A ; complications ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Cell Line ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; drug effects ; Humans ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; pharmacology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; pharmacology ; Wound Healing ; drug effects

We investigated the infection situation,serotype distribution,sources of etiological food and drug resistance of Salmonella in foodborne disease patients in Henan Province in 2015 and 2016.We evenly arranged 15 sentinel hospitals in Henan Province in 2015 and 2016,and a total of 5 720 patient defined cases were monitored,whose information was collected.A total of 221 Salmonella strains were isolated from the fecal of diarrhea patients,who were studied on serotyping,drug resistance and traceability of related etiological food,and the results were analyzed statistically.Results showed that the S.enteritidis,S.typhimurium and S.thompson were dominant types for serotyping in the 221 Salmonella strains,and 221 strains were widely distributed in 46 serotypes,the serotype distribution was more extensive;dairy and dairy products and meat and meat products were main suspicious etiological foods types caused by Salmonella.For drug susceptibility test of 11 kinds of antibiotics,the susceptibility of Salmonella to Cefoxitin,Cefotaxime,Chloramphenicol and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and that to Ciprofloxacin,Ampicillin,Tetracycline and Ampicillin/Sulbactam decreased significantly (P＜0.01);only that to Ciprofloxacin,Nalidixic acid and Gentamicin decreased insignificantly (P＜0.05).Relevant departments should strengthen the meat and meat products market supervision,to make great efforts for control the use of antibiotics,strengthen the active surveillance of Salmonella disease and drug resistance,and to reduce the incidence of foodborne diseases.