Objective Effectiveness of two kinds of thermochemotherapy infusion from intraarterial approach were studied in the grafted liver VX2 tumors of rabbit.Methods VX2 tumor model was established in 30 Newzland rabbit's livers.Percutaneous transfemoral hepatic arterial catheterization with fixation of the cathether tip inside the feeding vessel was carried out under DSA guidance.All 30 rabbits were divided into three groups(n=10 in each group),normal temperature 100 ml saline+Adriamycin(ADM)infusion(group 1),60℃100 ml saline+ADM continuous perfusion(group 2)and 60℃100 ml saline+ADM intermittent perfusion(group 3).After the perfusion,the lasting time periods of 43-45℃for tumor tissue of group 2 and 3 together with the concentrations of ADM within tumor's tissue were measured.Results Concentrations of ADM were shown as(12.013?2.237)?g/ml,(17.622?1.368)?g/ml,and(11.519?1.225)?g/ml for group 2, group 3 and group 1 respectively.60℃intermittent perfusion vs 60℃continuous perfusion showed P＜0.05, 60℃continuous pefusion vs normal temperature perfusion also showed P＞0.05. 43-45℃period lasting time (min)for 60℃continuous pefusion vs 60℃intermittent pefusion were(4.1?2.7)min and(11.3?3.3)min respectively,the latter was three times more than the former.There were no differences shown betwen the temperature,respiration and heart rate of group 2 and group 3.Conclusion Intermittent intraarterial perfusion thermochemotherapy is a more effective interventional management among all thermochemotherapies.

Objective To explore the relationship between the expression of Cyr61 and the chemosensitivity, apoptosis of human glioma U251 cells by decreasing Cyr61 gene expression by RNA interference. Methods One pair of DNA template coding siRNA was synthesized against U251 to reconstruct pRNA-Cyr61, which was transfected into U251 cells. The Cyr61 expression in U251 cells was transfected with pRNAT-Cyr61, and it was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. MTT and flow cytometry (FCM) were used to observe the growth inhibiting ratio and apoptosis rate induced by cisplatin or temozolomide in U251 cells. Results RT-PCR and Western blot analyses demonstrated that pRNAT-Cyr61 could significantly inhibit the expression of Cyr61 in U251 cells (P＜0.01); MTT and FCM showed that when U251 cells were exposed to cisplatin or temozolomide, the growth inhibiting ratio and apoptosis rate of pRNAT-Cyr61 transfected cells were significantly increased compared with those of control group and negative group (P＜0.01). Conclusions pRNAT-Cyr61 can significantly inhibit the expression of Cyr61, increase chemosensitivity and apoptosis rate of U251 cells in vitro.

OBJECTIVETo study the differential expressions of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in the tissues of prostate cancer and normal prostate, and to find the role of RAGE in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer.

METHODSWe collected the tissue of prostate cancer and that of normal prostate from the same patient, and compared the differential expressions of RAGE at the tissue, protein and mRNA levels between prostate cancer and normal prostate tissues of 10 patients by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR.

RESULTSImmunohistochemistry exhibited a significantly higher expression of RAGE in the prostate cancer tissue than in the normal prostate tissue; Western blot showed that the RAGE protein expression was 2.13 times higher in the former than in the latter (P < 0.05); and real-time quantitative PCR revealed the RAGE mRNA expression of the former to be 4.2 times that of the latter (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONRAGE may play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of prostate cancer.

Blotting, Western ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Prostate ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products ; Receptors, Immunologic ; genetics ; metabolism

This paper is to explore the reasonable applications of automatic exposure control in computed radiography, and to improve the quality of CR images. It is very important to select a suitable KV value in automatic exposure control in computed radiography. At the same time, a suitable ionization chamber, correct density compensation and necesary post-processing should be selected.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Automation ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Head ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Infant ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quality Control ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; methods ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; standards

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the relationship between changes and clinical significance of serum glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and the degree of liver lesions in chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

METHODSExaminations of serum ALT, AST, GGT levels and liver biopsy were carried out and classification and staging of liver fibrosis and inflammation were performed for 70 patients with CHB. The relationship between ALT, AST, GGT and CHB was analyzed.

RESULTS(1) ALT, AST and GGT increased with the degree of inflammation and fibrosis, but their levels declined with the degree of G4 and S4. The correlation coefficients of ALT and GGT, AST and GGT were (0.322 and 0.328, P less than 0.05). With liver-protective treatment, in the cases with mild CHB, ALT was normalized quickly but GGT remained at a lower level. While ALT declined, GGT was still at a relatively high level for moderate and severe CHB cases, among them the level of GGT fluctuated.

CONCLUSIONSerum GGT reflects the degree of liver inflammation more accurately than ALT and AST do and GGT activity can provide important evidence for clinical assessment of chronic hepatitis B.

Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; Humans ; Male ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase ; blood

OBJECTIVETo construct an eukaryotic recombinant expression vector for retinoblastoma 1 gene (RB-1) and investigate the role of RB-1 in prostate cancer.

METHODSThe coding sequence of RB-1 gene tagged with FLAG was amplified from the plasmid CMV-RB by PCR method. The fragment was cloned into CMV expression vector and identified by restriction enzyme digestion and sequence analysis. Western Blotting was used to detect RB-1 expression and immunofluorescence was used to observe RB-1 distribution in PC-3 cells transfected with the recombinant.

RESULTSThe expression vector CMV-FLAG-RB was successfully constructed as confirmed by PCR, endonuclease digestion and DNA sequence analysis. RB-1 protein was highly expressed and showed a nuclear distribution in PC-3 cells transfected with the recombinant.

CONCLUSIONSThe eukaryotic expression vector for RB-1 has been successfully constructed and can be efficiently expressed in PC-3 cells. The expression of RB-1 is located in the cell nuclei.

Base Sequence ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Retinoblastoma Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transfection

BACKGROUNDMany studies have suggested that cigarette smoking and polymorphisms of resistin and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) genes are closely correlated with the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, few reports have investigated these associations with respect to NAFLD susceptibility. We, therefore, examined the distribution of polymorphisms in GPx-1 and resistin genes in NAFLD patients and healthy controls and analyzed the relationship between these polymorphisms and smoking status.

METHODSNine hundred NAFLD patients and 900 healthy controls were selected, and the genetic polymorphisms of resistin gene promoter-420C/G and GPx-1 gene Pro198Leu were analyzed by polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. Interactions between the two mutants and the gene-environment interaction with cigarette smoking were also analyzed.

RESULTSGenotype frequencies of -420C/G (GG) and Pro198Leu (LL) were significantly higher in NAFLD cases (49.56% and 50.11%, respectively) compared with healthy controls (23.67% and 24.22%, respectively) (P = 0.0069; P = 0.0072). Moreover, the risk of NAFLD with -420C/G (GG) was significantly higher than in controls (odds ratio [OR] =3.1685, 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.9366-5.2073). Individuals carrying Pro198Leu (LL) had a high risk of NAFLD (OR = 3.1424, 95% CI = 1.7951-5.2367). Combined analysis of the polymorphisms showed that the -420C/G (GG)/Pro198Leu (LL) genotype was significantly more common in the NAFLD group than in the control group (39.44% vs. 12.78%, respectively, P = 0.0054), while individuals with -420C/G (GG)/Pro198Leu (LL) had a high risk of NAFLD (OR = 5.0357, 95% CI = 3.1852-7.8106). Moreover, the cigarette smoking rate in the NAFLD group was significantly higher than in the control group (OR = 1.8990, P = 0.0083 in the smoking index (SI) ≤400 subgroup; OR = 5.0937, P = 0.0051 in the SI >400 subgroup), and statistical analysis suggested a positive interaction between cigarette smoking and -420C/G (GG) (γ = 5.6018 in the SI ≤400 subgroup; γ = 4.4770 in the SI >400 subgroup) and Pro198Leu (LL) (γ = 5.7715 in the SI ≤400 subgroup; γ = 4.5985 in the SI >400 subgroup) in increasing the risk of NAFLD.

CONCLUSIONNAFLD risk factors include -420C/G (GG), Pro198Leu (LL) and cigarette smoking, and these three factors have a significant additive effect on NAFLD risk.

Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Resistin ; genetics ; Smoking ; genetics

AIMTo study the chemical constituents of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F.

METHODSVarious column chromatographies with silica gel were used for the isolation and purification. The structures of compounds were established on the basis of its IR, MS, UV, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS, 1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C COSY and NOESY.

RESULTSFour diterpenoids were isolated: 16-hydroxytriptolide (I), triptolidenol (II), tripdiolide (III), 2-epitripdiolide (IV).

CONCLUSIONCompound IV is a new diterpenoid.

Diterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical efficacy and safety of acupuncture in treating gastroesophageal reflux (GER).

METHODSSixty patients with confirmed diagnosis of GER were randomly assigned to two groups. The 30 patients in the treatment group were treated with acupuncture at acupoints Zhongwan (CV 12), bilateral Zusanli (ST36), Sanyinjiao (SP6), and Neiguan (PC6), once a day, for 1 week as a therapeutic course, with interval of 2-3 days between courses; the 30 patients in the control group were administered orally with omeprazole 20 mg twice a day and 20 mg mosapride thrice a day. The treatment in both group lasted 6 weeks. Patients' symptoms and times of reflux attacking were recorded, the 24-h intraesophageal acid/bile reflux were monitored, and the endoscopic feature of esophageal mucous membrane was graded and scored at three time points, i.e., pre-treatment (T0), immediately after ending the treatment course (T1) and 4 weeks after it (T2). Besides, the adverse reactions were also observed.

RESULTSCompared with those detected at T0, 24-h intraesophageal pH and bile reflux, endoscopic grading score and symptom score were all decreased significantly at T1 in both groups similarly (P<0.01), showing insignificant difference between groups (P>0.05). These indices were reversed at T2 to high level in the control group (P<0.05), but the reversion did not occur in the treatment group (P>0.05). No serious adverse reaction was found during the therapeutic period.

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture can effectively inhibit the intraesophageal acid and bile reflux in GER patients to alleviate patients' symptoms with good safety and is well accepted by patients.

Acupuncture Therapy ; adverse effects ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bile Reflux ; complications ; physiopathology ; Esophageal pH Monitoring ; Female ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the injury of high intensity focused ultrasound combined with radiotherapy (RT) to the pancreas,the unintended abdominal tissues and organs of swine in vivo.MethodsAccording to the criterion to grade the gross and histological injury of the pancreas and the unintended tissue,the scores of injury between the groups to get the data of safety and feasibility of high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)combined with RT were compared.Results There was a better tolerance in each group and no fatal complication was observed.For the pancreas there was significant difference for the combined group compared with the other groups.For the unintended target tissue there was no significance difference except the control group with the other groups.Conclusion HIFU combined with RT can increase the injury to the pancreas of the swine compared with HIFU alone; while there was no increase for the injury to the unintended target tissue.The main toxicity of combination treatment is the toxicity of RT and can be tolerated by the animals.If the HIFU treatment is strictly controlled,the combination of HIFU and RT is safe and feasible.