BACKGROUND:Cel replacement therapy as an effective strategy for reconstruction of the central nervous system has very broad application prospects.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of stereotactic transplantation of neural stem cels into the brain on the neuromotor function of craniocerebral trauma rats.
METHODS:Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were equivalently randomized into study and control groups. Animal models of craniocerebral trauma were made using the improved free-fal method in the rats. Then, model rats in the study and control groups were given parenchymal transplantation of embryonic neural stem cels and the same volume of culture medium with no stem cels at 1 day after injury, respectively. Neuromotor function of rats was assessed based on the neurological severity scores. At 2 weeks after transplantation, brain tissues were taken for hematoxylin-eosin staining, anti-BrdU, glial fibrilary acidic protein, β-tubulin III and tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The neurological severity scores in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group at 1 and 2 weeks after injury (P< 0.05). In the study group, there were many BrdU-positive neural stem cels in the brain tissues, some of which were positive for glial fibrilary acidic protein, β-tubulin III and tyrosine hydroxylase; while in the control group, there was no BrdU-positive cel in the brain tissues. Experimental findings show that neural stem cels stereotacticaly transplanted into the brain can proliferate and differentiate in the brain lesion, and thereby notably improve the neuromotor function of rats with craniocerebral trauma.

Objective To evaluate the effects of the laryngeal mask airway for spontaneous breath-ing in short pediatric operation under Sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia.Methods Eighty children undergo-ing hernia surgery, of whom ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ, in accordance with the random number table, were randomly divided into two groups( each 40 cases):the laryngeal mask airway for spontaneous breathing with Sevoflu-rane inhalation anesthesia in group A,and tracheal intubation for controlled ventilation with Sevoflurane inha-lationa nesthesia in group B.Children in the two groups were fasting for 6 hours and without drinking for 4 hours before anesthse ia.Anestheis a was induced with Sevoflurane inhalation fro all patients.The laryngela mask airway was insertde soon afet r induction of anesthesia with Sevoflurane inhalation,and anse thesia main-tained with Sevoflurane in halta ion in gor up A.P atients in gruo p B wereg iven cisatracurium 0.15 mg/kg intravenous injectio n before tracheal intubation, and anesthesia maintained with Sevoflurane inhalation, 40 minutes before the end of the surgeryt o sot p using muscle relaxant.Ten minutes before the end of the operation to stop Sevoflurane inhalation,in two groups.The end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure(PETCO2 ), mean blood pressure,heart rate,respiratory rate,pulse oxygen saturation and end-tidal sevoflurane partial pres-sure(PETSev) were recorded one minute before the induction of anesthesia,15 min,30 min,45 min,and 60 min after the induction of anesthesia.Both the time to regain consciousness and the time to remove laryngeal mask airway or tracheal catheter were recorded in two groups.Results The mean blood pressure, heart rate decreased in two groups after the induction of anesthesia(P<0.05).The value of PaCO2 increased and that of base excess decreased in 30 min after the induction of anesthesia in group A(P<0.05).The value of PETCO2 increased, and that of pH decreased in 45 min after the induction of anesthesia in group A (P<0.05).The movements of the limbs and head induced by operative stimulation in group A were more than those in group B(P<0.05),but the incidences of cough and laryngospasm induced by removing the laryngeal mask airw ay or tracheal catheter in group B were higher than those in group A(P<0.05).Both the time to regain consciousness and the time to remove laryngeal mask airway or tracheal catheter were shorter in group A than those in group B ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion It is safe that the laryngeal mask airway for spontaneous breathing with Sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia in short pediatric operation.The time of anesthe-sia is beyond half an hour during operation and the artificial respiration sholu d be implemented.

Currently, the basic network resource of the entire traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) industry is fragmented. Issues of data unify are not easily resolved. It seems that there is no new breakthrough in key technologies, especially on the problem of data sharing and resources' integration. In this context, a method of medical information data sharing is advocated to solve the problem. We use the RESTful style to define resources of the pharmaceutical industry, which is based on the UDDI Web services standards. The objective of this paper is to create a method of TCM resource URL defined and exchanged. Finally, this paper provided an easy way for TCM data network sharing.

Aortic valve calcification (AVC) is a pathological process correlated with multiple disease causes and actively regulated by cardiac valve cells. In this study, porcine aortic valve myofibroblasts cultured in vitro were treated with 50 μg z L(-1) of pathological factor tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Tanshinone II A (TSN) with the concentration of 50 mg x L(-1) and TNF-α were combined in incubating cells for 72 h (3 d) and 120 h (5 d). The Western blotting and Real-time PCR were adopted to detect the changes in smooth muscle α actin (α-SMA), bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in cells, and expressions of key effect proteins GSK-3β and β-catenin on Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. According to the findings, TNF-α can significantly increase the expression of myofibroblasts α-SMA and add the transformation activity to them, with nearly no expression of BMP2, ALP and mRNA in the control group and the TSN group but significant increase in their expressions in the TNF-α group (P < 0.01), which showed osteoblast-like phenotype. Moreover, TNF-α down-regulated the expression of up-streaming regulator GSK-3β and mRNA expression (P < 0. 01) , notably increased the expression of key effect protein β-catenin, but with no significant difference in mRNA with the control group and the TSN group. The result demonstrated that TSN showed a certain inhibitory effect on TNF-α's pathological impact (P < 0.05) in a time-dependent manner. Inflammatory factor TNF-α may promote the transformation of aortic valvular myofibroblasts to osteoblast-like phenotype by activating Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway in aortic valvular myofibroblasts, so as to cause AVC. Tanshinone II A can have a preventive effect in AVC by activating GSK-3β proteins and regulating signal transduction of Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway.
Animals ; Aortic Valve ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ; Myofibroblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Swine ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; metabolism ; beta Catenin ; genetics ; metabolism

To investigate the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of the main flavonoid components of Silybum marianum (S. marianum) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we identified nine flavonoids in S. marianum through TCMSP, PubChem database and corresponding literatures. The potential therapeutic targets of NAFLD were predicted by SwissTargetPrediction, GeneCards and Venny 2.1.0 platform, while the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of potential targets was analyzed using String platform and Cytoscape software. Then GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed using David 6.8 database, followed by molecular docking verification using AutoDock software. In vitro, components with higher degree value in the "components-targets-pathway" network were chosen for further analysis. L02 cells were used to establish lipid accumulation model and treated with different components. Furthermore, the effects of four pure active compounds from S. marianum on lipid accumulation in hepatocytes were analyzed by oil red O staining. The results showed that the main nine flavonoids extracted from S. marianum contained 24 potential NAFLD targets. Several critical pathways closely related to NAFLD process were identified by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) pathway, type 2 diabetes pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathway and insulin resistance pathway. The results of molecular docking further indicated that the core components displayed strong binding abilities with key targets respectively, and silandrin showed better binding activity as compared to other components. The results obtained from L02 cells showed that the lipid accumulation was reduced by treatment with isosilybin A, isosilybin B, silydianin and silychristin, while the activity of isosilybin B was better than that of isosilybin A. Taken together, we concluded that the main flavone components of S. marianum could improve lipid accumulation through multiple signaling pathway in hepatocytes, and this could be a potential new strategy for the treatment of NAFLD.

Objective To evaluate the effect of stellate ganglion block (SGB) on cellular immune function in diabetic rats.Methods Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 3 months,weighing 240-280 g,were used in this study.Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal 1％ streptozotocin 60 mg/kg and confirmed by blood glucose ≥ 16.7 mmol/L 3 days later.Forty-eight rats with diabetes mellitus were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=24 each) using a random number table:diabetes mellitus group (group DM) and group SGB.Another 24 healthy rats,aged 3 months,were selected and served as control group (group C).At 1 week after successful establishment of the model,unilateral transection of cervical sympathetic trunk (TCST) was performed in group SGB,while the right cervical sympathetic trunk was only exposed in C and DM groups.Before TCST (T0) and on 1,3,7 days after TCST (T1-3),6 rats were randomly selected from each group,and blood samples were collected from the inferior vena cava for determination of the blood glucose,plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentrations (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay),and levels of T lymphocyte subsets CD3+,CD4+ and CD8+ in whole blood (using FACSCalibur flow cytometer).C D4+/CD8+ratio was calculated.The rats were weighed before sacrifice,and the rats were sacrificed to obtain the thymus which was weighed.The thymus index (thymus weight/body weight) was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the blood glucose was significantly increased,and the levels of CD3+ and CD4+ in whole blood,CD4+/CD8+ ratio,and thymus index were significantly decreased at T0-3 (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in CD8+ levels in DM and SGB groups (P＞0.05),the plasma NE concentrations were significantly decreased at T1-3 in group SGB (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in plasma NE concentrations in group DM (P＞0.05).Compared with group DM,the blood glucose and plasma NE concentrations were significantly decreased,and the levels of CD3+ and CD4+ in whole blood,CD4+/CD8+ ratio,and thymus index were significantly increased at T1-3 (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in CD8+ levels in group SGB (P＞0.05).Conclusion SGB can improve the cellular immune function in diabetic rats.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of mild hypothermia (MH) in treating the infants with moderate-to-severe neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE),and to make a follow-up of the nerve motor development of the infants at 18 months old after discharge.Methods Totally 61 neonates with moderate-to-severe HIE in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) from Jan.2007 to Dec.2013 were retrospectively analyzed.According to before and after MH therapeutic apparatus was used by NICU of Shanghai Children's Hospital,61 neonates of HIE were divided into 2 groups,the conventional treatment group(25 cases) and MH treatment group(36 cases).The patients in both groups were measured respectively by using the amplitude integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) before MH treatment and at 72 hours after M H treatment,by neonatal behavioral neurological assessment(NBNA) on the 28th day after birth,and by adopting Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 18 months old.The adverse reactions,serious disability cases and deaths of MH treatment were recorded.Results Compared with the conventional treatment group,aEEG recording before treatment showed no statistically significant differences in MH treatment group [maximum voltage:(22.4 ±3.1) μV vs(18.6 ±2.5) μV,maximum voltage:(8.2 ±2.6)μV vs(6.5 ±1.9) μV,t =1.264,0.852,all P ＞ 0.05].However,aEEG recording at 72 h after treatment showed statistically significant differences in MH treatment group [maximum voltage:(24.1 ± 3.2) μV vs (30.6 ± 2.8) μV,maximum voltage:(9.7 ± 3.4) μV vs (13.3 ± 2.2) μV,t =6.376,4.257,all P ＜ 0.05].Severe disability cases [24.0％ (6/25 cases) vs 5.6％ (2/36 cases),x2 =4.405,P ＜ 0.05] and deaths [16.0％ (4/25 cases) vs 0 (0/36 case),x2 =6.1 64,P ＜ 0.05] in MH treatment group were significantly decreased,and there was significantly difference in NBNA on the 28th day after birth[(35.9 ± 2.1) vs(39.1-± 1.6),t =3.361,P ＜ 0.05],and scales of neurobehavioral evaluation through follow-up of 18 months old [mental development index (MDI):(85.2 ± 10.7) vs (96.5-± 13.1),t =7.839,P ＜ 0.05].Very few neonates had apnea,coagulation dysfunction,arrhythmia and other adverse reactions in MH treatment course.Conclusions MH treating moderate-to-severe HIE is safe and effective.MH is effective in reducing death and major disabilities in neonates with moderate-to-severe HIE and without significant side effects.MH can obviously improve the development of nervous system disorders in 0-18 months infants,and can significantly improve these infants' Bayley developmental scale neurobehavioral scores.

Objective To explore the effect of macrolide antibiotics(erythromycin) on tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and interleukin(IL)-8 in hyperoxia-induced lung tissue of premature newborn rats,and to study the intervention effect of erythromycin on hyperoxia-induced lung injury.Methods One-day old preterm Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups by random number table method:air + sodium chloride group,air + erythromycin group,hyperoxia + sodium chloride group,hyperoxia + erythromycin group.Hyperoxia groups were continuously exposed to oxygen (oxygen ＞ 0.85) and air group in room air.After 1,7,14 days of exposure,the preterm rats of four groups were sacrificed,whole lung of these rats were isolated,the lung histological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining,TNF-α and IL-8 in pulmonary tissue homogenate were detected by ELISA.Results The results showed that:(1) Compared with air + sodium chloride group,TNF-α and IL-8 expression in hyperoxia + sodium chloride group were significantly increased(P ＜ 0.05) after 1,7 days of exposure [1 d:TNF-α:(16.163 ± 0.574) ng/ml vs.(21.923 ±2.066) ng/ml,IL-8:(18.214 ±3.649) ng/ml vs.(23.546 ± 5.240) ng/ml ;7 d:TNF-α:(15.940 ±0.821) ng/ml vs.(19.688 ±0.764) ng/ml,IL-8:(18.541 ± 4.114) ng/ml vs.(24.255 ±4.692) ng/ml],in particular,TNF-α expression appeared to increase earlier,their expression became significantly weak in 14 days (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Compared with hyperoxia + sodium chloride group,TNF-α and IL-8 expression in hyperoxia +erythromycin group became significantly weak after 1,7,14 days of exposure(P ＜0.05) after the intervention of erythromycin [1 d:TNF-α:(21.923 ± 2.066) ng/ml vs.(18.903 ± 1.851) ng/ml,7 d:IL-8:(24.255 ±4.692) ng/ml vs.(23.508 ±3.543) ng/ml,14 d:TNF-α:(16.443 ±5.466) ng/ml vs.(14.453 ±0.963)ng/ml],but their expression became weaker in 14 days than that in 1,7 days.Conclusion The release of inflammatory mediators TNF-α and IL-8 induced by oxidation outbreak participates in the development of hyperoxia induced lung injury,erythromycin may regulate immune function,inhibits the levels of oxidant-mediated TNF-α and IL-8 induced by oxidation outbreak,and alleviate hyperoxia lung injury in premature rats.

Objective To evaluate the effect of stellate ganglion block (SGB) on postoperative synaptic structure in hippocampal CA3 region in aged rats.Methods Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 20-22 months,weighing 550-650 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),operation group (group O) and SGB + operation group (group SGB).Group SGB received right SGB with 0.25％ bupivacaine 0.15 ml.Groups O and SGB underwent 30 min of exploratory laparotomy starting from 15 min after the end of administration.Y-maze test was performed on 1 day after operation in 6 rats chosen from each group for assessment of cognitive function.The frequency of standard training and standard time were recorded.Six rats were chosen from each group on 1,3 and 7 days after operation and sacrificed and the hippocampal CA3 region was isolated for microscopic examination and for measurement of synaptic structure.Results Compared with group C,the standard time was significantly prolonged,and the frequency of standard training was increased in groups O and SGB,the width of synaptic cleft was increased,the thickness of post-synaptic density was decreased,the length of active zones was shortened,and the curvature of the synaptic interface was decreased on 1,3 and 7 days after operation in group O (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant changes were found in each synaptic structure parameter in group SGB (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group O,the standard time was significantly shortened,the frequency of standard training was decreased,the width of synaptic cleft was decreased,the thickness of the post-synaptic density was increased,the length of active zones was prolonged,and the curvature of the synaptic interface was increased on 1,3 and 7 days after operation in group SGB (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which SGB improves the postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged rats may be related to inhibition of changes of synaptic structure in hippocampal CA3 region.

Objectives To explore the effect of erythromycin on glutathione hormone (GSH) and γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) in premature newborn rats exposed to hyperoxia, to study the intervention effect of erythromycin on hype-roxia-induced lung injury. Methods One-day old preterm SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group, eryth-romycin group, hyperoxia group, erythromycin+hyperoxia group. Hyperoxia group and hyperoxia+erythromycin group were continuously exposed to oxygen (oxygen concentration>0.85), control group and erythromycin group were in room air. Via cau-dal vein, the preterm rats was injected with erythromycin in erythromycin group and hyperoxia+erythromycin group, sodium chloride in control group and hyperoxia group daily. After 1,7,14 day(s) of hyperoxia (or air ) exposure, the preterm SD rats of four groups were killed, whole lung of these rats were isolated and histological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, GSH andγ-GCS of pulmonary tissue homogenate were detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme linked im-munosorbent assay. Total lung RNA was extracted andγ-GCS mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain re-action. Results The results showed that:After 1 and 7 day(s) of exposure, the expression of GSH、γ-GCS andγ-GCS mRNA in four groups showed significant differences(P<0.05). Among them, GSH expression in erythromycin + hyperoxia group was higher than that in the other three groups in 1,7,14 day(s) of exposure with significant differences (P<0.05);GSH expression in erythromycin+hyperoxia group and hyperoxia group reached the peak after 7 days of exposure. The expression ofγ-GCS andγ-GCS mRNA in erythromycin+hyperoxia group and hyperoxia group were higher than the other two groups after 1and 7 day(s) of exposure, the expression ofγ-GCS mRNA in erythromycin+hyperoxia group were higher than that of hyperoxia group with significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusions The expressions of GSH andγ-GCS in the lung of premature SD rats were abnor-mal by oxidation outbreak. Erythromycin may increase the activity ofγ-GCS, improve the anti-oxidation ability of GSH, and al-leviate hyperoxia mediated lung injury in premature rats.