Objective To discuss the clinical effect of intertrochanteric fracture treated with InterTan intramedullary nail. Methods Between Jan 2011 and June 2006 , 100 consecutive patients with intertrochanteric fracture were treated with a new nail (InterTan). We recorded the operation time, blood loss, blood transfusion volume and the modified Harris hip score was used to evaluate outcomes. Results All cases were received follow-up of 6 to 15 months. All cases got bone healing and did not appear various complications. The modified Harris hip score were (75.1 ± 13.4) points. Conclusion The InterTan device appears to be a reliable implant for treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fractures.

Objective To study the effects of different parameters (thickness,orthodontic displacement,elastic modulus) from Invisalign on canine displacement and periodontal ligament (PDL) stress during mandibular canine intrusion treatment.Methods Forty-eight different Invisalign models were used to simulate canine intrusion treatment by using the finite element method.Results The initial displacement of the canine and stress on canine PDL were proportional to the thickness,intrusion displacement,and elastic modulus of the Invisalign,and the intrusion displacement had the greatest influence on canine displacement.During canine intrusion treatment,the compressive stress on PDL was the most sensitive and changed easily with the change of parameters.Conclusions The canine displacement may increase with the thickness,intrusion displacement and elastic modulus of Invisalign increasing,however,the stress on PDL will also increase,showing the largest increasing magnitude in compressive stress on PDL meanwhile.Therefore,to accelerate tooth movement in Invisalign treatment,it is suggested to use the assisted devices or some other measures such as attachment,supplement of bracket-wires treatment,or implant anchorage.

Objective To explore the relationship between physical activity(PA) and the risk of colon cancer. Methods Cohort studies on physical activity and risk of colon cancer were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Chinese Bio-medicine and Chinese Wanfang databases from January 1979 to December 2009. Results from the individual studies were synthetically combined in our study. Inverse variance weighting was used in fixed effects model and the random effects estimate was based on the DerSimonian-Laird method. Variance-weighted least squares method was used for trend test of summarized dose-response data. Results A total of 28 studies were included in our analysis. An inverse association between physical activities and the risk of colon cancer was observed with the relative risks (RR) as 0.75 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66-0.86] in males and 0.85(95%CI: 0.76-0.95)in females, respectively. However, the findings from those documents with high quality showed significant and borderline significant associations between PA and colon cancer in both males (RR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.61-0.90) and females (RR=0.99, 95% CI: 0.95-1.02). Meanwhile, the dose-response trend was not observed either in males (P=0.142) or in females (P=0.417). For men, the pooled RRs differed by subsites were 0.62(95%CI:0.45-0.85) and 0.74 (95%CI:0.56-0.99)for highest level PA, compared with lowest level PA in proximal colon and distal colon cancer,respectively. For women, the pooled RRs were 0.84 (95%CI: 0.69-1.01 ) in proximal colon and 0.75(95%CI: 0.53-1.05)in distal colon cancer, respectively. Conclusion These results added to the evidence for the protective effects in colon cancer among men and women.

Objective To study the effects of different parameters (thickness, orthodontic displacement, elastic modulus) of Invisalign on canine displacement and periodontal ligament (PDL) stress during mandibular canine intrusion treatment. Methods Forty-eight different Invisalign models were used to simulate canine intrusion treatment by using the finite element method. Results The initial displacement of the canine and stress on canine PDL were proportional to thickness, intrusion displacement, and elastic modulus of Invisalign. The intrusion displacement had the greatest influence on canine displacement. During canine intrusion treatment, the compressive stress on PDL was the most sensitive parameter and changed easily with the change of parameters. Conclusions The increase of Invisalign thickness, intrusion displacement and elastic modulus can increase canine displacement, however, the stress on PDL also increases, with the largest increasing magnitude in compressive stress on PDL. Therefore, to accelerate tooth movement in Invisalign treatment, it is suggested to use the assisted devices or measurements, such as attachment, supplement of bracket-wires treatment, or implant anchorage.

Objective To compare mechanical responses from mandibular canine with different movement types in orthodontic treatment with Invisalign. Methods Based on computed tomography images of the teeth and their supporting tissues, the finite element model of the mandible and periodontal ligaments was established. The translation, inclination and rotation movements of the canine in buccolingual direction were simulated to obtain displacements and stresses of the canine and periodontal ligaments under the three different movements. Results The initial movements of the canine and stress distributions on periodontal ligaments were mainly determined by different movement types of the canine. The stress distributions on periodontal ligaments were similar when the canine was in translation and inclination movements. The bodily movement trend of the canine was much larger in rotation movement than that in translation movement under the same displacement magnitude. Conclusions The mechanical responses and its degrees from canine would be different under different movement types. To get better understanding with such different responses can help design more reasonable orthodontic treatment with Invisalign, avoid the damage to periodontium and achieve the orthodontic treatment with less time.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between diabetes and risks of primary liver cancer.

METHODSA Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled relative risk (RR) to evaluate the relationship between diabetes and the risk of primary liver cancer from cohort studies, which were identified by searching in Medline, Chinese CNKI and Wanfang databases from January 1989 to February 2010. A total of 28 publications were found according to this method. Adjusted RRs and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated by using the fixed-effect and random-effect model in our analysis. We also conducted a number of sub-groups analysis stratified by some important variables, such as source, gender, region and quality of study.

RESULTSA total of 3800 cases of liver cancer and 3 672 248 study subjects from 14 prospective cohorts were included in our analysis. The pooled RR of primary liver cancer was 3.33 (95%CI: 1.82 - 6.10) for persons with diabetes when compared to subjects without diabetes. The results showed a significant association between diabetes and the risk of primary liver cancer based on these cohort studies. Subgroup analysis indicated that the pooled RRs for diabetes were 3.76 (95%CI: 1.69 - 8.38) in the population-based cohorts and 2.41 (1.34 - 4.32) in the hospital-based cohorts. In terms of the sex groups, the pooled RRs for diabetes were 2.32 (95%CI: 1.70 - 3.17) for males and 1.63 (95%CI: 1.08 - 2.47) for females, respectively.

CONCLUSIONAs one of independent risk factors, diabetes was associated with an increased risk of primary liver cancer.

China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes Complications ; physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; Male ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the causes, therapeutic methods and prognosis of recurrent extramammary Paget's disease of the penis and scrotum.

METHODSWe retrospectively studied the clinical presentations, therapeutic methods and prognosis of 18 cases of recurrent penile and scrotal Paget's disease, all diagnosed by biopsy and treated by surgical resection of the diseased sites. The incision reached the deep fascia. Frozen and olefin sections of the samples were pathologically examined to identify the involvement of the incisal edge. Seven cases had inguinal lymph node metastasis and underwent unilateral or bilateral inguinal lymph node resection.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up for 6 months to 8 years (mean 34 months). Four died of distant metastasis and the other 14 experienced no recurrence.

CONCLUSIONFor the cases without metastasis of recurrent penile and scrotal Paget's disease, extended lesion-resection is a preferred option and the prognosis is good. And those with local lymph node metastasis need to undergo local lymph node resection.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Genital Neoplasms, Male ; surgery ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paget Disease, Extramammary ; surgery ; Penile Neoplasms ; surgery ; Prognosis ; Scrotum

OBJECTIVETo explore the time trends of colorectal cancer incidence rates in urban Shanghai from 1973 to 2005.

METHODSData on the incidence rates of colorectal cancer were obtained from a population-based cancer registry in Shanghai. A total of 32 962 colon cancer patients and 24 662 rectal cancer patients were registered. Population estimation were based on periodic censuses, with age- and sex-specific annual estimates derived for the remaining years. The rates were adjusted to the world standard population by using the direct method. Annul percent changes (APCs) in rates were estimated by means of a linear regression of the logarithm of the respective rates on calendar, weighted by the number of incidence cases.

RESULTSThe incidence rates of colorectal cancer increased steadily during 1973 to 2005, the age-adjusted incidence rates of colon cancer increased from 6.09 and 5.70 to 14.70 and 14.35 per 100 000 in male and female respectively. The APCs were 3.03% (t = 14.77, P < 0.01) and 3.21% (t = 22.15, P < 0.01). The rates of rectal cancer increased from 7.68 and 6.51 to 11.45 and 8.28 per 100 000 in male and female respectively. The APCs were 1.34% (t = 7.28, P < 0.01) and 0.93% (t = 7.34, P < 0.01). The top APCs for colon and rectal cancer in female were 5.86% and 2.79% at age above 85 and in male those were 4.64% and 2.38% at age of 80-. The APCs of colon cancer were greater than those of rectal cancer at the groups above 45 years old. The average ages when diagnosed were delayed from 57 - 60 to 66 - 70 during these 33 years. The average diagnosed ages of colon cancer were later than those of rectal cancer slightly (from 2003 to 2005, the onset age of male colon cancer: 68.61 +/- 12.17, male rectal cancer: 66.81 +/- 12.62, t = 4.90, P < 0.01; female colon cancer: 69.20 +/- 12.13, female rectal cancer: 67.75 +/- 12.54, t = 3.81, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe incidence rates of colorectal cancer increased steadily during 1973 to 2005, especially for colon cancer. Further research is needed to identify the causes resulting in these changes.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sex Distribution ; Young Adult

This paper introduces an automatic microscopic urinary sediment analyzer. A set of basic algorithms, including pretreatment and picking up characteristics is brought forward to realize the automatic segmentation of urinary sediment. This paper also characterizes the visible components in urinary sediment in morphology and has sum up 7 morphology parameters and a simple method of classification.
Algorithms ; Artificial Intelligence ; Computers ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation ; methods ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; methods ; Software Design ; Urinalysis ; instrumentation ; methods

The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) is a prominent component of the descending modulatory system involved in the control of spinal nociceptive transmission. In the current study, we investigated melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) expression in the RVM, where the neurons involved in modulation of nociception reside. Using a line of mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the MC4R promoter, we found a large number of GFP-positive neurons in the RVM [nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) and nucleus gigantocellularis pars α (NGCα)]. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry revealed that approximately 10% of MC4R-GFP-positive neurons coexpressed tyrosine hydroxylase, indicating that they were catecholaminergic, whereas 50%-75% of those coexpressed tryptophan hydroxylase, indicating that they were serotonergic. Our findings support the hypothesis that MC4R signaling in RVM may modulate the activity of serotonergic sympathetic outflow sensitive to nociceptive signals, and that MC4R signaling in RVM may contribute to the descending modulation of nociceptive transmission.
Animals ; Female ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata ; cytology ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neural Pathways ; cytology ; metabolism ; Neurons, Afferent ; cytology ; metabolism ; Nociception ; physiology ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Serotonergic Neurons ; metabolism ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ; metabolism