OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for the simultaneous determination of contents of 4 heavy metal elements in cultured Cordyceps militaris. METHODS:The samples were digested by nitric acid heating method and then determined by ICP-MS including radio-frequency power of 1.15 kW,sampling depth of 65 nm,auxiliary gas flow rate of 1.0 L/min,cooling gas flow of 13.0 L/min,temperature of 25 ℃,automatic plasma. RESULTS:The linear ranges of arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),mer-cury (Hg) and lead (Pb) were 0-20 μg/mL(r=0.9970),0-10 μg/mL(r=0.9995),0-5 μg/mL(r=0.9955),0-20 μg/mL(r=0.9960),respectively. Detectio limit were 0.128,0.003,0.002,0.004 mg. RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 6.5%. Recoveries of them were 90.4%-100.6%(RSD=3.45%,n=9),94.3%-101.3%(RSD=2.93%,n=9), 90.0%-102.3%(RSD=4.03%,n=9),92.3%-103.0%(RSD=3.53%,n=9),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is sim-ple,precise,stable,reproducible,and can be used for simultaneous determination of contents of 4 heavy metal elements in cul-tured C. militaris. The contents of As,Cd,Hg and Pb in 10 batches of sample are all in line with related national standards.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 5 nucleoside from different parts of cultured Cordyceps militaris. METHODS:HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on InertSustain C18 column with mobile phase consisting of methanol-0.02 mol/L monobasic potassium phosphate solution (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm,the column temperature was 30 ℃. RESULTS:The linear ranges of uridine, inosine,guanosine,adenosine and cordycepin were 0.568-3.408 μg(r=0.9999),0.284-1.704 μg(r=0.9999),0.264-1.584 μg(r=0.9999),0.232-1.392 μg(r=0.9999)and 1.672-10.032 μg(r=0.9998),respectively. RSDs of precision,stability and repeatabili-ty tests were all lower than 3.0%. The recoveries were 98.2%-103.9%(RSD=1.97%,n=9),96.2%-101.6%(RSD=1.76%,n=9),96.7%-102.0%(RSD=1.94%,n=9),95.1%-99.4%(RSD=1.43%,n=9) and 95.6%-101.3%(RSD=1.82%,n=9). CON-CLUSIONS:The method is simple,precise,stable and repeatable,and can be used for simultaneous determination of 5 nucleoside from cultured C. militaris,the content of nucleosides are different in different parts of C. militaris.

BACKGROUND: Tibia open fracture is a common disease, and intramedullary fixation has become the first choice, but the high risk of postoperative infection limits its clinical application.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the early prevention effect of vancomycin-hydroxyapatite (VCM-HA) coated titanium intramedullary nail in a rabbit model of open femoral fracture combined with wound infection.METHODS: Titanium intramedullary nails coated with three different concentrations of VCM-HA were prepared using biomimetic deposition, and subsequently in vitro bacteriostasis experiment was performed. Forty healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were selected and the model of mid-femur open fracture with wound infection was prepared. The rabbit models were then divided into ordinary intramedullary nail, low-, middle- and high-concentration VCM-HA coated intramedullary nail groups (n=10 per group). The wound appearance of the animals was dynamically observed. The body mass, anal temperature, white blood cells and C-reactive protein contents in the venous blood were monitored. The pathological examination of the soft tissue around the fracture and injured limb X-ray were conducted regularly.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The prepared VCM-HA coated titanium intramedullary nail exerted obvious antibacterial effects in vitro. The anal temperature in the ordinary nail group was significantly higher than that in the other three groups at 3 days after modeling (P < 0.05). The white blood cells and C-reactive protein contents in the venous blood in the VCM-HA groups were significantly lower than those in the ordinary nail group at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after modeling (P < 0.05). The hematoxylin-eosin staining of the peripheral tissues displayed the inflammatory response in the VCM-HA groups was milder than that in the ordinary nail group at each time point after modeling. The injured limb X-ray displayed that the callus grew slowly accompanied with sequestration in the ordinary nail group, while the callus growth in the VCM-HA groups was significantly better than that in the ordinary nail group. To conclude, the VCM-HA coated intramedullary nail can effectively reduce postoperative infection in an animal model of open femoral fracture combined with wound infection.

Objective To measure the volume of hippoeampal formation(HPF) in healthy Chinese Han adults and provide database for researching on a variety of diseases associated with alteration of hippocampal structure. Methods This is a clinical multi-center study. One thousand Chinese healthy volunteers (age range = 18 to 70) recruited from 15 hospitals were divided into 5 groups, i. e. , Group A (age range = 18 to 30), B (age range =31 to40), C (age range =41 to 50), D (age range=51 to 60),and E (age range =61 to 70). Each group contained 100 males and 100 females. All of the volunteers were scanned by MR using T1 weighted three-dimensional magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequence. The margin of HPF were outlined manually for each side. Using multiple linear regression,relationships between hippocampal volume and sex, age, weight and height were analyzed respectively.Independent two sample t test was used to study the differences between male and female and between lcft and right. The differences of hippoeampal volume among age groups were analyzed by ANOVA. Results Hippocampal volume for left and right side were (4752 ± 659) and (5032 ± 660) mm3 respectively. The volume of HPF is significant correlated with gender and age, but without relevance to height and weight ( left and right r = 0. 283,0. 311, F = 30. 127,37. 050 ,P < 0. 01 ). The volumes of left and right hippocampus were (4897 ± 670), (5192 ± 667)mm3 respectively for men, and (4647 ± 624) and (4904 ± 630) mm3 for women. The right hippocampal volume was larger than the left ( t = 7. 030,6. 696, P < 0. 05 ). On both sides, men have larger hippocampus than that of women ( t = 6. 586,7. 326, P < 0. 01 ). The volumes of the left hippocampus among the five age groups in the male were (4981 ± 684), ( 5003 ± 609 ), (4976 ± 657 ),(4841 ± 631 ), (4631 ± 681 ) mm3 respectively, while the volumes of the right hippoeampus were (5340 ±647) ,(5276 ±582), (5264 ±620), (5133 ±661 ), (4894 ±699) mm3 respectively. Among age groups,the differences were statistically significant ( left and right F = 5. 737,7. 607, P < 0. 01 ). For male, there was significant difference of bilateral hippoeampus between the 18-30, 31-40, 41-50 years group and 61-70 years group ( P < 0. 05 ) and there was no significant difference among the other groups ( P > 0. 05 ).There was no significant difference of hippocampal among different groups in women (P > 0. 05 ).Conclusions With high-resolution MRI, the volume of the HPF was accurately measured, so as to provide the basic data for research of the hippocampus-related disease.

Objective The purpose of our study was to investigate three dimensional dynamic contrast enhanced MR angiography(3D DCE M RA) in the detection of portosystemic collateral circulation in the falciform ligament in patients with portal hypertension. Methods From April 2003 to July 2008, 53 portal hypertension patients with varices in the falciform ligament were evaluated with 3D DCE MRA.Two radiologists independently assessed the number, diameter, location and drainages of the portosystemic collateral circulation in the falciform ligament according to the information on the 3D DCE MRA.Results The veins in the falciform ligament were classified into the superior and inferior groups, and both groups arise from the left trunk of the portal vein.In our study, the number of varices detected on 3D DCE MRA images varied from 1 to 3, and the diameters of these vessels varied from 0.4 to 2.6 cm.The inferior group consisted of paraumbilical/umbilical veins (47 cases), which flowed toward umbilicus and then drained upwards (n = 16) including deep superior epigastric veins (n = 7), superficial superior epigastric veins (n = 9), downwards (n = 40) including deep inferior epigastric veins (n = 7), superficial inferior epigastric veins (n = 33), or upwards and downwards at the same time (n = 9).The superior group of vessels in the falciform ligament were directly anastomosed with the internal thoracic vessels (n = 6).Conclusion In patients with portal hypertension, 3D DCE MRA can optimally demonstrate the portosystemic collateral circulation in the falciform ligament, which includes the superior and inferior drainage groups.

Objective To investigate the regional left ventricular function after mitral valve replacement with and without chordal preservation by strain rate imaging. Methods A total of 55 patients undergoing mitral valve replacement were enrolled. Twenty underwent complete excision of the subvalvular apparatus (group A), 20 preserved the posterior chordopapillary apparatus only (group B) and the other 15 underwent total chordal preservation (group C). Systolic peak strain rate (SRs) were measured preoperatively, at 7-10 days and 3 months after operation. Results Before operation, SRs had no differences between different segments of the left ventricular in each group (F=0.37, 0.74, 0.90, all P>0.05). At 7-10 days after operation, SRs in the most segments of left ventricular were signiifcantly lower than those of before operation (F=3.91, 8.12, 7.57, all P<0.05). At 3 months after operation, SRs in some segments of left ventricular were signiifcantly higher than those of preoperation in each group (t=2.12, 3.19, 3.25, 2.08, 2.78, 4.79, 2.81, 2.58, 2.87, 1.60, 0.34, 1.04, 0.73, 0.70, 1.68, all P<0.05). SRs had no signiifcant differences between each segment of left ventricular in group C (F=1.76, P>0.05). By contrast, SRs in some segments of left ventricular were different from those of other segments in group A and group B (F=17.8, 8.52, both P<0.05). Conclusion Comparing to conventional mitral valve replacement and mitral valve replacement with preservation of posterior subvalvular apparatus, mitral valve replacement with preservation of total subvalvular apparatus makes the papiltary function preserved completely, which are beneifcial for the motor coordination of left ventricular wall and the recovery of regional left ventricular function.

To develop a cell-penetrating chimeric apoptotic peptide AVPI-LMWP/DNA co-delivery system for cancer therapy, we prepared the AVPI-LMWP/pTRAIL self-assembled complexes containing a therapeutic combination of peptide drug AVPI and DNA drug TRAIL. The chimeric apoptotic peptide AVPI-LMWP was synthesized using the standard solid-phase synthesis. The cationic AVPI-LMWP could condense pTRAIL by electrostatic interaction. The physical-chemical properties of the AVPI-LMWP/pTRAIL complexes were characterized. The cellular uptake efficiency and the inhibitory activity of the AVPI-LMWP/pTRAIL complexes on tumor cell were also performed. The results showed that the AVPI-LMWP/pTRAIL complexes were successfully prepared by co-incubation. With the increase of mass ratio (AVPI-LMWP/DNA), the particle size was decreased and the zeta potential had few change. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that AVPI-LMWP could fully bind and condense pTRAIL at a mass ratio above 15:1. Cellular uptake efficiency was improved along with the increased ratio of W(AVPI-LMWP)/WpTRAIL. The in vitro cytotoxicity experiments demonstrated that the AVPI-LMWP/pTRAIL (W:W = 20:1) complexes was significantly more effective than the pTRAIL, AVPI-LMWP alone or LMWP/pTRAIL complexes on inhibition of HeLa cell growth. Our studies indicated that the AVPI-LMWP/pTRAIL co-delivery system could deliver plasmid into HeLa cell and induce tumor cell apoptosis efficiently, which showed its potential in cancer therapy using combination of apoptoic peptide and gene drugs.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; Cell-Penetrating Peptides ; chemistry ; DNA ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Particle Size ; Plasmids

BACKGROUND: The quality of chest compressions can be significantly improved after training of rescuers according to the latest national guidelines of China. However, rescuers may be unable to maintain adequate compression or ventilation throughout a response of average emergency medical services because of increased rescuer fatigue. In the present study, we evaluated the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in training of military medical university students during a prolonged basic life support (BLS). METHODS: A 3-hour BLS training was given to 120 military medical university students. Six months after the training, 115 students performed single rescuer BLS on a manikin for 8 minutes. The qualities of chest compressions as well as ventilations were assessed. RESULTS: The average compression depth and rate were 53.7±5.3 mm and 135.1±15.7 compressions per minute respectively. The proportion of chest compressions with appropriate depth was 71.7％±28.4％. The average ventilation volume was 847.2±260.4 mL and the proportion of students with adequate ventilation was 63.5％. Compared with male students, significantly lower compression depth (46.7±4.8 vs. 54.6±4.8 mm,P<0.001) and adequate compression rate (35.5％±26.5％ vs. 76.1％±25.1％,P<0.001) were observed in female students. CONCLUSIONS: CPR was found to be related to gender, body weight, and body mass index of students in this study. The quality of chest compressions was well maintained in male students during 8 minutes of conventional CPR but declined rapidly in female students after 2 minutes according to the latest national guidelines. Physical fitness and rescuer fatigue did not affect the quality of ventilation.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with extreme heterogeneity and potentially involvement of any organ or system. Numerous unanswered questions and challenges in SLE always prompt further exploration. In 2019, great progress in various aspects of SLE emerged. Both the classification criteria and management recommendation for SLE were updated. New promising medications have been widely developed and tested, although subsequent clinical studies are warranted. As an emerging number of most notable studies in SLE were published in both clinical area and basic research in 2019, we aim to summarize the highest quality data on SLE regarding novel insights of pathogenesis, updated recommendations, hot-spot issues on clinical manifestations, new understanding of disease prognosis, and most importantly, the therapeutic advances in SLE in this review.

Objective To probe the clinic significance ofintraopcrative ultrasonography in brain tumor resection. Methods The intraoperative ultrasonography, adopted in the brain tumor resection of 29 cases, assisted the brain mantle operative approach and the rumor resection monitoring through acquiring the tumors' position, the hemisphere, the internal structure and the adjoining with blood vessels.After the operation, ultrasonography was performed again to observe the tumor surviving. Results The tumor detection rate with intraoperative ultrasound in 29 cases was 100% and best approach was chosen to accurately locate the tumor according to the tumors' position and the hemisphere. Meningiomas got abundant blood supply and were often closely correlated to the sinuses, therefore, preoperative detections of the blood supply and the possible erosion of the sinus wall of meningiomas was performed to provide basis for rapid repair and to shorten the operation time. Repeated detection on the surgery hemisphere and residue detection were performed to help maximize the glioma resection, particularly the functional glioma resection. Conclusion Preoperative color Doppler ultrasound can accurately locate tumor tissue, suggesting the best surgical approach; intraoperative ultrasonography, assisting in the resection of brain tumors, can improve the operation safty and decrease the happening of trauma.