Objective　To investigate the effect of congenital human cytomegalovirus（HCMV） infection on the growth of embryo and cerebral cortex. Methods　HCMV (6.0 log TCID50 in 1.0 ml/mice) was separately injected into the intraperitoneum of 10-week-old female mice on pre-mating, 3, 7, 15 gestation days. Cerebral cortices of fetuses were collected by laparotomy on 19th gestation-day just before delivery. The specimens were fixed with 4% buffered solution of paraformal dehyde. And then sectioned and stained with HE. Meanwhile, part of the specimens was used for viral isolation and HCMV DNA test by PCR. Results　In the cerebral cortex of fetal mice, it was found that the capillary was dilated and congested, and the parenchyma was infiltrated with neutrophils, monocyte for experimental group and not for control group. The degeneration, necrosis and apoptosis of neurons co-existed. The rates of virus isolation for the fetal cerebral cortex among pre-mating, 3-, 7-, 15-gestation-day groups were 60%、62%、67%、25%,respectively （χ2=13.475，P＜0.05) and the rate for 15 gestation-day group was significantly lower than others. Average weight of experimental mice for 15-gestation-day was significantly lower than control group and those for other gestation groups were not significantly different on group t-test. Conclusion　HCMV can replicate in the cerebral cortex of ICR mice, infect fetal and initiate congenital infection of cerebral cortex of fetus. In addition, embryo of different gestation stages can be infected by HCMV on experiment. HCMV delays embryo growth and causes the cerebral cortex damage.

To explore innovative training model for young teachers in university,literature and practical data in university were analyzed.A new concept of research tutor system was put forward in which young teachers and tutors were linked with scientific research project and common interests.Tutors in one subject trained the young teachers from another subject.In this model,a new relationship with equality and free-talk between tutors and students was established and the advantage of talent group effect was ascended.Discipline crossing,multiple communication and interactive learning may be promoted and the number of innovative young teachers and scientific research achievements may increase.

Bariatric and metabolic surgery has been in China for more than 30 years, which has developed rapidly. However, it can be predicted that there will be many opportunities and challenges in the future development of bariatric and metabolic surgery, including the replacement of classic surgical methods, the guarantee of surgical safety, the brave exploration of new surgical methods, the decisive abandonment of bad surgical methods, the implementation of surgical standardization, and the breakthrough of basic and clinical research all mean more efforts. With the continuous rise of the incidence rate of metabolic syndrome and the continuous improvement of people′s health needs, these opportunities and challenges are particularly significant. Bariatric and metabolic surgery will also play a crucial role in overcoming obesity and metabolic diseases.

Objective To investigate the relationship between Livin and Ki-67 proteins, and the expres-sion and clinical significance of Livin and Ki-67 proteins in cholangiocarcinoma. Methods Fifty-five samples of cholangiocarcinoma tissue were collected in Shengjing Hospital from January 2002 to December 2003. The expres-sion of Livin and Ki-67 proteins in the 55 samples of cholangiocarcinoma tissue and 12 samples of chronic cholan-gitis tissue were detected by immunohistochemical assay. The relationship between the expression of Livin and Ki-67 proteins and the clinicopathological parameters of cholangiocarcinoma was analyzed. The results were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation coefficient, chi-square test and t test. Results The positive expression rate of Livin protein in cholangiocarcinoma was 71% (39/55), which was significantly higher than 0 (0/12)in chronic cholan-girls tissue (χ2=20.361, P<0.01). The expression of Livin protein was influenced by the differentiation of cholangiocarcinoma and the lymph node metastasis (χ2=4.193, 4.245, P <0.05). The positive expression rate of Ki-67 protein was 96% (53/55) in cholangiocarcinoma. The label index of Ki-67 in patients in clinical stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,were 22%±16%, 33%±12%, 43%±15%, and 49%±10%, respectively. There was signifi-cant difference in the label index of Ki-67 between patients in clinical stage Ⅰ and those in clinical stages Ⅱ, Ⅲ,Ⅳ(t=2.307, 2.871, 3.957, P<0.05). The label index of Ki-67 was 43%±13 % in patients with local lymph node metastasis, and 34%±16% in patients without local lymph node metastasis, with statistical difference between the 2 groups (t=2.334, P<0.05). The expression of Livin protein in cholangiocarcinoma was positively correlated with the label index of Ki-67 (r=0.502, P<0.01). Conclusions Livin protein plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of eholangiocarcinoma, and it also has correlation with the proliferating activity of cholangiocarcinoma cells. Combined detection of the expression of Livin and Ki-67 proteins may be helpful in judging the malignancy of cholangiocarcinoma and determining the prognosis of patients.

Circulating cell-free nucleic acids are defined as extracellular DNAs or RNAs in blood with physiological or pathological origins. Previous studies showed that the concentration of cell-free nucleic acids in the blood of cancer patients is significantly higher than in healthy people. Further studies showed that the genetic and epigenetic alterations of circulating cell-free nucleic acids are relevant to cancer development and progression, including mutation, hypermethylation, loss of heterozygosity, change of integrity, and abnormal expression of microRNAs. Detection of circulating cell-free nucleic acids shows promising potential in cancer screening, diagnosis, personalized treatment, and prognosis.

Objective To study the clinical characteristic and antifungal drug sensitivity of neonatal Candida parapsilosis infections in blood and to provide reference for clinical prevention and therapy.Methods The drug resistance of Candida parapsilosis which were isolated from 8 neonatal blood specimen on the laboratory were analyzed and clinical characteristic of infections in neonates were investigated retrospectively.The blood cultured with BD9120.The fungi were isolated with Sabourand Dextrose Agar and CHROMagar colored medium and identified with API20C.The susceptibility test was then performed with FUNGUS3 micro dilution plate.Results Candida parapsilosis susceptibility results to antifungal drugs showed that 5-flucytosine≤ 4 μg/ml,amphotericin B ≤ 0.5 μg/ml,fluconazole ≤ 1 ～ 2.0 μg/ml,itraconazole ≤ 0.125 ～0.125 μg/ml,voriconazole ≤0.06 ～0.06 μg/ml.Seven cases were preterm infants(low birth weight infants or extremely low birth weight infants),one case was term infant after operation of congenital pyloric atresia.Before blood culture,all the 8 cases of Candida parapsilosis sepsis had received broad-spectrum antibiotics and intravenous nutrition.All the 8 cases had received peripherally inserted central catheter,and 3 cases had received mechanical ventilation.Four cases with fluconazole,3 cases with fluconazole and amphotericin B,1 case with fluconazole at the onset but changed VFend,all 8 cases were cured.Conclusion Candida parapsilosis has become the one of the main pathogens of neonatal infection fungal in blood of premature or low birth weight infants,which is sensitive to 5 kinds of antifungal drugs in vitro susceptibility test.Early detection and antifungal therapy can improve the prognosis.

Objective To analyze the pathogen distribution and drug resistance of candida isolated from children with blood infections in our hospital,and to provide reference for clinical effective prevention and treatment.Methods The blood specimens of pediatric patients were collected between January 2009 and December 2015,and were cultured using BacT/ALERT 3D and BD9140 instruments.The candida were separated with Sobaurandps agar culture medium,and identified with chromogenic medium,API 20CAUX test strips or VITEK-2 compact YST card.The minimal inhibitory concentration of 5 drugs were determined by ATB FUNGUS 3 system.Results In 176 cases,92 strains (52.3％) were from neonatal ward,and 46 strains (26.1％) were from PICU.In newborn group,85 strains were isolated from premature,which contained the low and very low birth weight infants (37 strains),pneumonia(20 strains),neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(9 strains).In PICU,the strains were commonly isolated from children with severe infection.Among 176 strains of candida,71 strains (40.3％) were C.albicans,62 strains (35.2％) were C.parapsilosis,16 strains(9.1％) were C.glabrata,9 strains(5.1％) were C.tropicalis,and 18 strains(10.2％) belonged to other candida.Conclusion Candida blood infections can happen at all age of chlidren.The most common strains detected from blood were C.albicans,followed by C.parapsilosis.Most of these strains are susceptible to antifungal drugs,such as fluconazole,except C.glabrata.The sensitive rates to commonly used antifungal drug are more than 93％.The selection of antifungal drugs should be based on the species of strains.

OBJECTIVE To study the changes in drug resistance and distribution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to guide drug treatment in clinic.METHODS P.aeruginosa was identified by API and VITEK2 system,and its antimicrobial ressistance was determined by Kirby-Bauer method.The antimicrobial ressistance rates were analyzed by WHONET 5.4 software.RESULTS The resistance of P.aeruginosa to 12 antibiotics was increased in the past nine years.The resistant rate to meropemem,imipenem,ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime was below 30%.Among 2127 strains of P.aeruginosa,94 strains were identified multi-drug resistant and found more frequently in ICU,and Respiratory Department.CONCLUSIONS P.aeruginosa is resistant to many kinds of antimicrobial agents,and resistant rate is increasing year by year.In order to control and slow down the occurrence of the resistant strains,it should be more careful to choose antimicrobial agents according to the antimicrobial susceptibility test.

Objective To investigate the effects of three laparoscopic bariatric operations on relieving type 2 diabetes in morbid obese patients. Methods From 2005 to 2009, 15 morbid obese patients with type 2 diabetes received bariatric operations in Shengjing Hospital including lapband operation (7 cases) , sleeve gastrectomy (7 cases) and gastric bypass(4 cases). All patients were followed up for more than 1 year. Results All patients recovered without major complications. Body weight decreased and BMI was respectively (27. 6 ± 2. 0) kg/m2, ( 26. 9 ± 1. 4) kg/m2 and (27. 5 ± 3. 0) kg/m21 year after operation. The excess BMI loss in three groups were (76. 4% ± 6. 8% ) , (83. 7% ± 4. 6% ), (85. 7% ±9. 5% ) 1 year after operation. On the other side, the fasting glucose levels and glycohemoglobin in gastric bypass group were much lower than that in other two groups. Conclusion All these operations were effective in controling the weights and fasting glucose levels, while the gastric bypass method is better than other two methods in weight and serum glucose control. Sleeve gastrectomy was better in weight and glucose control than lap band operation.

BACKGROUND: Serious scalding leads to dysfunction of each aspect in immune system, and activated macrophage can secret many bioactive transmitters. The relationship between macrophage dysfunction and signal conduction after scalding is unclear at present.OBJECTIVE: To observe the alternation of tumor necrosis factor- alpha(TNF-α) at different time points after scalding and the activity of nuclear factor κB(NF-κB) and alternation of protein kinase C (PKC) after the application of specific modulator H-7 to explore whether PKC participates in the modulation of TNF-α in macrophage on signal conduction level for the clarification of some mechanisms of macrophage dysfunction.DESIGN: A randomized controlled experimental study by employing experimental animals as subjectsSETTING: An institute of burn research of a military medical university MATERIALS: The study was conducted in the Laboratory (state) of the Institute of Burn Research, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA between January and December 1999. Experimental animals were 32 healthy clean inbreeding Kunming white mice.METHODS: 15% Ⅲ scalding was created in mice for the establishment of routine scalding model. Mice were randomly divided into 6 groups according to different time points before or after scalding, I.e. 0(normal control group), 2, 6, 12, 24, or 48 hours group. Celiac macrophages were collected for the detection of TNF-α content by radioimmunoassay, NF-κB activity by electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA), and membrane or plasma PKC activity by isotope analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① TNF-α content; ② NF-κB activity; ③Membrane or plasma PKC activity RESULTS: After scalding, macrophage excessively secreted TNF-α and reached its peak of (1 085.65 ± 122.99) ng/L at 12 hours, which was significantly higher than that of control group( t = 14.92, P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared with control group, membrane PKC activity increased after scalding, which significantly heightened to(231.80 ± 31.66) nmol/min · g at 2hours( t = 7. 930, P ＜ 0.01 ), slightly decreased to close to normal level of (174.29±16.80) nmol/min· gat 6hours(t=2.531, P ＜0.05), and rapidly elevated at 12 hours [512. 10 ±33.42) nmol/min · g] and 24 hours [ (454.70 ± 21.06) nmol/min · g] to reach its peak of(530.49 ± 28.54)nmol/min. G at 48 hours( t = 29.42, 28.03, 30. 19, P ＜ 0. 01 ). Correlation analysis of the alternation between TNF-α and membrane PKC indicated a significant positive correlation( r = 0. 796 4, P ＜ 0. 05) . As indicated by EMSA image, NF-κB activity significantly elevated after scalding. Twelve hours after scalding was set as modulation point, NF-κB activity was significantly inhibited by the application of H-7.CONCLUSION: The secretion of TNF-α and the activities of PKC and NF-κB are significantly activated in celiac macrophage after scalding, and PKC-NF-κB signal pathway participates in the modulation of TNF-α expression, which provide experimental data for the modulation of immune function and rehabilitative intervention during scalding.serious scalding.