Hypereosinophilic syndromes (HES) are a heterogeneous group of uncommon disorders which characterized by marked peripheral eosinophilia and function damage of target organ, with different etiologies, mechanisms and therapies in different subtypes. Formerly the prognosis was very poor, nowadays with great development in science and medicine, we can understand HES much better in classification, diagnosis and therapy, including the development of novel targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and humanized monoclonal antibodies, which increased the treatment selection and complexity of therapeutic decisions in HES. This review discusses the classification of HES and characters of different subtypes, including therapeutic methods, which can help clinical doctors to have a good understanding of HES.
Humans ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome ; classification ; therapy

The study was purposed to investigate the differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into myocardial cells in vitro. Rat bone marrow-derived MSCs were labeled and co-cultured with neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (CM) for 5 - 7 days. The expression of cell surface antigens was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of muscle-specific marker myosin and troponin T in labeled cells was detected by immunofluorescence. The results showed that in vitro cultured MSCs expressed CD90, CD44, CD105, CD54, not expressed CD34, CD45, CD31. After co-cultured with neonatal rat CM, labeled MSCs differentiated into cardiomyocyte-like cells expressing myosin and troponin T. It is concluded that MSCs can differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells when co-cultured with neonatal myocardial cells in vitro. In co-culture of two kind of cells in ratio of four to one showed obvious efficacy differentiating MSCs into CMs.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo introduce a new technique for reduction mammaplasty appropriate to moderate or heavy hypertrophic breast.

METHODSThe superior-lateral dermo-glandular pedicle flap including the nipple-areola complex was created. After the extra glandular tissue was removed, the superior-lateral dermo-glandular pedicle with the nipple-areola complex was rotated, adjusted, sculptured and fixed to the thoracic wall so as to fashion a breast with natural projection and proper shape. This method was used in 4 patients(8 breasts).

RESULTSThe operation results were satisfactory without complications. The breasts maintained nice configuration and good function, with well lactating in one case.

CONCLUSIONThe technique of reduction mammaplasty with the superior-lateral dermo-glandular pedicle is a reasonable method to obtain nice breast configuration and good function.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; surgery ; Mammaplasty ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Surgery, Plastic ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the accumulation of fluoride in rat hippocampus and its effect on cholinesterase activity.

METHODSRats were subchronically exposed to NaF, and fluoride concentration and cholinesterase activity in rat hippocampus were determined.

RESULTSFluoride concentration in rat hippocampus was significantly correlated with the dosage of fluoride, and there were significant differences among high dosage group [(13.03 +/- 1.79) micro g/g], low dosage group [(9.83 +/- 0.92) micro g/g] and control [(8.27 +/- 1.11) micro g/g], P < 0.01. Acetylcholinesterase activities among three groups [(0.111 +/- 0.031) micro mol/mg, (0.143 +/- 0.025) micro mol/mg, (0.183 +/- 0.027) micro mol/mg] were also significantly different (P < 0.01), which was negatively correlated with fluoride concentration in rat hippocampus (r = -0.700, P < 0.01). The activity of butylcholinesterase in high dosage group [(0.041 +/- 0.010) micro mol/mg] was different from that of control [(0.067 +/- 0.025) micro mol/mg, P < 0.05], but the activity was not significantly related with fluoride concentration in rat hippocampus (r = -0.317, P = 0.094).

CONCLUSIONFluoride may go through the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in rat hippocampus, and inhibit the activity of cholinesterase.

Acetylcholinesterase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Butyrylcholinesterase ; metabolism ; Fluoride Poisoning ; metabolism ; Fluorides ; pharmacokinetics ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Male ; Organ Size ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cephalosporins ; administration & dosage ; Enterobacter cloacae ; Enterobacteriaceae Infections ; drug therapy ; Female ; Gentamicins ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Imipenem ; adverse effects ; Isosorbide Dinitrate ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; Male ; Ofloxacin ; adverse effects ; Software

OBJECTIVETo investigate the potential role of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway in regulation of gene expression of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) in various tissues in rats with sepsis.

METHODSA sepsis model reproduced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and 128 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n = 10), sham operation group (n = 10), CLP group (n = 60), AG490 treatment group (n = 24), and rapamycin (RPM) treatment group (n = 24). At serial time points animals in each group were sacrificed after CLP, then tissue samples were harvested to determine HMGB1 mRNA expression and STAT1/3 DNA binding activity.

RESULTSSTAT1 activities increased rapidly in the liver, lungs and small intestine after CLP, peaking at 6 - 12 h, while it increased slowly, and still kept at mild level from 2 to 48 h in the kidneys. Compared with STAT1, lower STAT3 activities were detected only in the liver and lungs, with negative detection in the small intestine and kidneys. HMGB1 mRNA levels significantly increased in liver, lungs and small intestine at various time points after CLP respectively (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), while they didn't change in the kidneys. Treatment with AG490 could markedly inhibit HMGB1 mRNA expression in the liver and small intestine at 24 and 48 h (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and in lungs at 2 h following CLP (P < 0.01). Similarly, treatment with RPM significantly decreased HMGB1 mRNA expression in the lungs at 2, 6, 24 and 48 h, in the liver at 6 and 24 h, and in the small intestine at 24 and 48 h (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In addition, STAT1 and STAT3 activities in the liver and lungs were significantly correlated with corresponding tissue HMGB1 mRNA expression.

CONCLUSIONSPeritoneal infection could extensively activate STAT1 and limitedly activate STAT3 in vital organs. Activation of JAK/STAT pathway might be involved in up-regulating the gene expression of HMGB1 and systemic inflammation secondary to severe septic challenge.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Expression ; physiology ; HMGB1 Protein ; genetics ; Janus Kinases ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; STAT Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Sepsis ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Signal Transduction

Dishevelled proteins are multifunctional and highly conserved. These proteins are also required for the specification of cell fate and polarity by secreted Wnt proteins. To investigate the molecular mechanism of Dishevelled in mediating Wnt signal transduction, a mouse 11.5dpc embryo library was screened by yeast-two-hybrid system to find mouse Dishevelled2 DEP domain and C-terminal interacting proteins. 15 possitive clones were identified from 4.1 x 10(6) transformants. The DNA sequences of the positive AD/library plasmids were determined. The BLAST results revealed that one of the positive clones contained N-terminus cDNA fragments (amino acids 6-122) of Gli3 protein. The interaction between Dv12 and Gli3 detected by yeast two-hybrid system suggests that Gli3 might play a role in some biological processes with Dishevelled.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; chemistry ; genetics ; physiology ; Animals ; Dishevelled Proteins ; Gene Library ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors ; physiology ; Mice ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; physiology ; Phosphoproteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; physiology ; Plasmids ; Signal Transduction ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; Wnt Proteins ; physiology ; Zinc Finger Protein Gli3

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of Linggui Zhugan Decoction (LZD) combined calorie restriction on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), the insulin resistance (IR), and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) of IR model rats.

METHODSTotally 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, the calorie restriction group, and the TCM + calorie restriction group, 12 in each group. Ordinary forage was given to those in the control group, and high fat diet was fed to those in the rest 3 groups for 12 weeks to establish the IR model. After successful modeling, rats in the control group and the model group were continually fed with the original farage for 4 days. The normal saline at the daily dose of 20 mL/kg was given to them by gastrogavage. The normal saline at the daily dose of 20 mL/kg was given to rats in the calorie restriction group by gastrogavage after 4-day calorie restriction. LZD at the daily dose of 20 mL/kg was given to rats in the TCM +calorie restriction group by gastrogavage after 4-day calorie restriction. The body weight, FPG, serum fasting insulin (FINS), insulin resistance index (IRI), and the protein expression of PPAR-y in the omental adipose tissue were compared.

RESULTSAfter 4-day calorie restriction, the body weight obviously decreased in the calorie restriction group and the TCM +calorie restriction group, when compared with the model group (P <0.01). There was no statistical difference between the former two groups (P >0.05). The FINS and IRI obviously decreased in the calorie restriction group (P <0.01, P <0.05). The FPG, FINS, and IRI significantly decreased in the TCM + calorie restriction group (P <0. 05, P <0.01). The protein expression of PPAR-gamma obviously decreased in the calorie restriction group and the TCM + calorie restriction group (P <0.01).The phlegm dampness state was alleviated, with more significant effects shown in the TCM + calorie restriction group.

CONCLUSIONSLZD combined calorie restriction could reduce the body weight, FPG, and IRI of IR rats. Besides, it showed better effects than calorie restriction alone. Its effects in improving IR might be correlated with inhibiting the activities of PPAR-gamma. Meanwhile, it might play a role in inhibiting the differentiation of fat cells.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Caloric Restriction ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Insulin ; metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; PPAR gamma ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

The study was aimed to investigate the association of FOXP3 gene expression in donor grafts with acute graft-versus-host disease after HLA-identical sibling allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Twenty-six donor grafts (peripheral blood or bone marrow) and their respective clinical characteristics were evaluated. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to assess the percentage of CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD25(high) T cells in cord blood, healthy controls' peripheral blood and donor grafts. Relative transcripts of FOXP3 mRNA were determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription -polymerase chain reaction with beta2-MG as the internal control gene. The specificity of FOXP3 and beta2-MG amplifications was confirmed by analyzing the dissociation curves and electrophoresis of the target amplicon. The results showed that the CD4+CD25+ T cells in peripheral blood, peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) or BM grafts exhibited a continuous and primarily low expression of CD25 and the frequencies of CD4+CD25+ T and CD4+CD25(high) T in CD4+ T cells were (48.5 +/- 16.3)% and (9.6 +/- 2.5)%, (42.1 +/- 14.7)% and (13.1 +/- 4.2)%, (43.4 +/- 9.6)% and (14.6 +/- 4.5)%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the frequencies and absolute numbers of CD4+CD25(high) T cells between patients with aGVHD and patients without aGVHD (P > 0.05). The plot of log transfused cDNA amount versus DeltaCt had a slope of 0.0826 which indicated approximately equal efficiency of FOXP3 and beta2-MG amplifications in real-time PCR. The specificities of amplification were confirmed by analyzing the dissociation curves and electrophoresis of PCR products with the values of Tm 86.5 degrees C and 82.3 degrees C, respectively. The relative transcripts of FOXP3 in PBSC grafts of recipients without aGVHD were 318%high as those with aGVHD (median of 41.0 x 10(-5) and 12.9 x 10(-5), respectively) (P = 0.03). No significant difference was found in other related variables for GVHD. It is concluded that coexpression of CD4 and CD25 may be insufficient to identify regulatory T cells; FOXP3 mRNA expression may be specifically quantified with real-time quantitative RT-PCR using SYBR Green I chemistry. FOXP3 mRNA expression in donor grafts is significantly low in patients with aGVHD compared with patients without aGVHD. It indicated that the expression level of FOXP3 mRNA may be one of the useful indicators for in predicting aGVHD.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; genetics ; Graft vs Host Disease ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; therapy ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology

This study was purposed to evaluate the clinical significance of low molecular weight urinary proteins for diagnosis of early renal damage in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Medical records of 278 patients with MM in Nanjing School of Clinical Medicine from January 2004 to May 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. These patients were divided into 3 groups: glomerular damage group (n = 143), tubular damage group (n = 114) and normal group (n = 21). The clinical and laboratorial data were compared among them. The correlations of urinary retinol-binding protein (RBP) or urinary N-acetyl-β-D-amino-glucosaminidase (NAG) with blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Scr, blood cystatin-C (Cys-C), clearance of creatinine (Ccr), 24 h protein uria and 24 h urine light chains were further analyzed, and the correlation of renal tubulointerstitial lesion scores with low molecular weight urinary proteins in 61 patients were also analyzed. The area under curve (ROC curve) was used to evaluate and compare the discrimination of urinary RBP and urinary NAG. The results showed that glomerular damage group had higher urinary RBP than tubular damage group. However, glomerular damage group had lower urinary NAG than tubular damage group. The two groups had higher urinary RBP and urinary NAG than that in normal group. Urinary RBP related positively to the level of Scr, BUN, Cys-C, 24 h proteinurias and related negatively to the level of Ccr. Urinary NAG related positively to the level of 24 h proteinurias, Ccr and related negatively to the level of Cys-C. Renal tubulointerstitial lesions were significantly correlated with urinary RBP, but weakly correlated with urinary NAG. It is concluded that urinary RBP significantly correlates with renal tubular damage. Compared with urinary NAG, urinary RBP can better assess the extent of renal damage, and has higher specificity.
Acetylglucosaminidase ; urine ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Kidney Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Kidney Tubules ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Weight ; Multiple Myeloma ; pathology ; urine ; Proteinuria ; Retinol-Binding Proteins ; urine ; Retrospective Studies