Objective To analyse the application effect of intramedullary interlocking nail in the treatment of femoral and tibial fracture,to discuss the key of the mini-invasive operation.Methods 110 cases of femoral and tibial fracture treated by intramedullary nail from May,1997 to Oct,2001 were reviewed,78 cases were treated by mini-invasive open-reduction and internal fixation,32 cases were treated by intermal fixation without open-reduction.Results All cases were followed-up ,15 cases were delayed at the healing time,but all cases were healed in six months.Conclusion The application of intramedullary nail in the treatment of femoral and tibial frature by mini-invasion has advantages of less trauma,strong fixation,high healing rate,early motion can be obtanied ,but the key of the operation must be grasped.

Objective: Our aim was to investigate the alteration of p16 gene in human pancreatic carcinoma. Methods: A total of 66 human pancreatic tissue specimens, comprising 51 with pancreatic carcinomas and 15 normal pancreatic tissue specimens, were examined for homozygous deletion and mutation of p16 gene by using PCR-SSCP method. Results: No mutation and deletion was detected in 15 normal pancreatic tissue samples. Of 51 pancreatic carcinoma specimens, only one was found mutation for p16 gene in PCR-SSCP assay, and the deletion of the p16 gene in 23 samples were confirmed by using PCR, with a 45% p16 gene deletion rate. Conclusion: These data suggest that p16 gene alterations may play a role in the progression of human pancreatic carcinoma.

The sequences of ITS, matK, rbcL and psbA-trnH of 9 Gynostemma species or variety including 38 samples were compared and analyzed by molecular phylogeny method. Hemsleya macrosperma was designated as outgroup. The MP and NJ phylogenetic tree of Gynostemma was built based on ITS sequence, the results of PAUP phylogenetic analysis showed the following results: (1) The eight individuals of G. pentaphyllum var. pentaphyllum were not supported as monophyletic in the strict consensus trees and NJ trees. (2) It is suspected whether G. longipes and G. laxum should be classified as the independent species. (3)The classification of subgenus units of Gynostemma plants is supported.
Gynostemma ; classification ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Objective To establish an experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)model with endo- cerebrovascular peroration.Method The right external carotid artery of SD rats were isolated,leaving a stump of approximately 3 to 4 mm.A-3-O monofilament nylon suture was inserted up through the stump of external carotid artery to the internal carotid artery for about 18～19 mm.A small resistance was usually felt,and the suture was then advanced 2 mm further and the suture was immediately withdrawn.Two hours or two days after SAH induction,SAH extension was observed.Two days after SAH induction,the diameter of the basilar artery was measured.Results SAH extends from the ipsilateral artery to the eontralateral artery after SAH induction.The diameters of basilar arteries in SAH animals were smaller than those of control rats,indicating the present of cerebrovascular spasm in SAH animals.Conclusions The endo-cerebrovascular perforation technique for establishing a non-craniotomy SAH model is reliable.

To address the continuous emergence of drug-resistant strains of viruses and the outbreaks of novel virus infections, developing new antiviral drugs based on novel strategies has become an important and urgent research topic. In recent years, the rapidly developing multi-specific binding strategy has become a focus and been widely applied in antiviral. This review summarizes the recent progress of the multi-specific binding strategy in the antiviral field from the perspective of medicinal chemistry and discusses existing challenges as well as future opportunities for antiviral drug discovery.

Hepatitis B virus infection is a serious threat to human life and health. The approved anti-HBV drugs including interferons and nucleos(t)ide analogues have serious adverse effect, rebound phenomena after drug withdrawal, and drug resistance. And the cccDNA cannot be completely eliminated by both of them, which is the reason why a complete cure for hepatitis B cannot be achieved. Therefore, developing anti-HBV drugs directly targeting protein or nucleic acid of HBV remains a current public health priority. Based on the analysis of representative literature from the last decade, this article reviews recent developments in small molecule inhibitors directly targeting HBV from a medicinal chemistry perspective.

Cell Proliferation ; Colony-Forming Units Assay ; Glioma ; pathology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; pathology ; Humans ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism

PURPOSE: To describe the therapeutic effect and possibility of the ultra-early surgery for poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (Hunt-Hess grades IV - V). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine cases with intracranial aneurysms, demonstrated by computed tomographic angiography (CTA), were treated by ultra-early surgery under general anesthesia within 24 hours from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), 5 cases were treated within 6 hours and 4 cases in 6 - 24 hours. Preoperative Hunt-Hess grade: 6 cases were IV and 3 cases were V. The clinical outcome was evaluated by Glasgow Outcome Scores (GOS). RESULTS: In operation, difficult dissection occurred in 5 cases (55.6%), and rupture of aneurysm occurred and temporary obstructions were performed in 4 cases (44.4%). After clipping of aneurysm, 2 cases underwent V-P shunt because of hydrocephalus, pulmonary infection occurred in 3 cases, hypothalamus reaction accompanied with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in 2 cases. The clinical outcome were favorable (GOS 4 - 5) in 4 cases (44.4%), dissatisfied (GOS 2 - 3) in 3 cases (33.3%), and dead (GOS 1) in 2 cases (22.2%) when patients departed from our hospital. CONCLUSION: The ultra-early surgery can avoid early rebleeding of intracranial aneurysm, therefore, should be considered in the treatment of Hunt-Hess grade IV-V intracranial aneurysms. The appliance of CTA can make it possible to use of ultra-early surgery and improve the therapeutic effect.
Adult ; Aged ; Cerebral Angiography ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm/pathology/*surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/pathology/*surgery

BACKGROUNDStreptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the prime pathogen of dental caries. There are few reports that studied the relationship between S. mutans, bacteria and dental caries in permanent teeth when compared to those in primary teeth. This study aimed to detect S. mutans and bacteria of dental caries and non-caries groups in permanent teeth from a north China population by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and compare the relationship between the number of these bacteria and the prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth.

METHODSHuman saliva samples were collected from 142 subjects with permanent teeth. According to their dental tooth (DT), 142 subjects were divided into a dental caries group (DT ≥ 1) and a non-caries group (DT = 0). With specific primers for S. mutans and 16S rRNA, the total number of S. mutans and total bacteria of 142 saliva samples were detected by real-time PCR and statistically analyzed.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference between the detection rates of S. mutans (P = 0.118) and medians of S. mutans (P = 0.115). The ratio of S. mutans to total bacteria in people with dental caries was significantly higher than in those without caries (P < 0.001), but the total number of bacteria in people with dental caries was significantly lower than in those without caries (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSS. mutans had different effects on caries in the permanent teeth of several individuals from a north China population. The ratios of S. mutans to total bacteria in saliva detected by real-time PCR with Sm479F/R and 16S RNA primers were closely associated with the prevalence of dental caries in the same population. These assays may be useful for the assessment of an individual's risk of dental caries.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Dental Caries ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Saliva ; microbiology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Streptococcus mutans ; isolation & purification ; Tooth ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo establish the linkage methods of X ba I polymorphisms specific for FVIII gene intron 22, and to find a rapid and simple system for haemophilia A (HA) carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis.

METHODSA long PCR to amplify FVIII gene intron 22 followed by X ba I digestion was used to assay the gene rate and heterozygosity rate of 206 unrelated people. Detection of intron 22 inversion by long distance PCR (LD-PCR) and XbaI, BclI, Hind III, DXS52, STR polymorphism within intron 13 and 22 by hereditary linkage analysis were assays in 20 HA pedigrees.

RESULTSThe gene rate and polymorphism information contents of 206 people were 0.5475 and 0.4955 respectively, 7 of 20 HA families were diagnosed as intron 22 inversion, 6 of 13 non-inversion HA families were diagnosed by X ba I linkage analysis, 8 of 13 non-inversion HA families were diagnosed by two or more linkage analysis.

CONCLUSIONSThe improved X ba I linkage analysis is a specific and useful molecular diagnosis marker. LD-PCR and five-linkage analysis can be used in prenatal HA gene diagnosis.

Factor VIII ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Genotype ; Hemophilia A ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Introns ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; methods