Objective To investigate the role of miR‐26a in ox‐LDL‐mediated apoptosis of HAECs in endothelial cells and its mechanism .Methods Various concentrations of ox‐LDL were added in HAECs culture .Cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis were moni‐tored by MTT and TUNEL assay ,and expression level of miR‐26a examined by qRT‐PCR .Overexpression of miR‐26a mimic in HAECs ,MTT and TUNEL staining were used to detect the activity and apoptosis of ox‐LDL .The 3′UTR of luciferase reporter vector pMIR‐PTEN was constructed and the predicted target gene of miR‐26a was identified by luciferase activity assay .QRT‐PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of PTEN .Results ox‐LDL could mediate the toxic death and apoptosis of HAECs cells ,and decrease the expression level of miR‐26a in HAECs cells .Overexpression of miR‐26a mimic could inhibit the cytotoxicity and apoptosis of ox‐LDL cells after HAECs .Transfection of miR‐26a mimics significantly inhibited lu‐ciferase activity (P<0 .05) .The expression of mRNA and protein in HAECs cells was significantly down regulated by transfection of miR‐26a analog (P<0 .05) .Conclusion MiR‐26a can inhibit the cytotoxicity and apoptosis of ox‐LDL cells after HAECs inhibi‐tion ,and the possible mechanism of action is to down regulate the expression of PTEN .The study suggests that miR‐26a may be a potential target for the treatment of atherosclerosis related to apoptosis .

Objective To assess the efficacy of the prophylactic de-escalation use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation(NPPV) in improvement of oxygenation following extubation after stanford type A aortic dissection.Methods 40 patients recovering from the stanford type A aortic dissection operation in the Center for Cardiac Intensive Care,Beijing Anzhen Hospital between December 2015 and April 2016,and meet the inclusion criterion after extubation,were investigated.The patients were random divided into 2 groups with RandA1.0 software,each group contained 20 patients:NPPV with mask vs.traditional oxygen treatment with mask.NPPV initial 2 h(started from extubation) settings:inspiratory pressure(IPAP) of 14-16 cmH2 O,expiratory pressure (EPAP) of 6-8 cmH2 O,the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 0.35-0.55.2-8 h the parameters of setting were decreased:IPAP l0-12 cmH2 O,EPAP 4 cmH2 O.After 8 h the NPPV was finished and the oxygen treatment instead.The oxygen treatment settings:the flux inhalation of oxygen was 6-10 L/min,and FiO2 was adjusted to 0.35-0.55.Make a comparison with the two groups in the clinical effect at 2 h,8 h,24 h,3 days,and to compare their reintubation rate.Results PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 were higher in the prophylactic NPPV group compared to oxygen treatment group after 2 h [94.7(89.7,100.1) mmHg vs.84.5(78.7,87.1) mmHg,P ＜0.05.(192.7 ±31.2) mmHg vs.(167.0 ± 18.9) mmHg,P＜0.05],8 h[99.1(90.3,132.8) mmHgvs.86.3(82.3,95.6) mmHg,P＜0.05.198.2(180.5,246.2) mmHg vs.172.5(164.7,191.2) mmHg,P ＜0.05],24 h[(100.0 ± 18.9) mmHg vs.(87.3 ±12.9) mmHg,P＜ 0.05.(197.5±36.8) mmHgvs.(170.1 ±29.8) mmHg,P＜0.05] and3 days[98.2(87.4,110.5)mmHg vs.86.8 (79.4,89.6) mmHg,P ＜ 0.05.(193.2 ± 37.1) mmHg vs.(164.4 ± 23.8) mmHg,P ＜ 0.05],and respiratory rate was lower in the NPPV group at the same time.Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were lower in the NPPV group at 24 h and 3 days.At 3 days in the NPPV group PaCO2 was lower,and left ventricular ejection fraction was improved.But the treatment of traditional oxygen leaded to a higher incidence of pulmonary atelectasis,and more longer hospitalization time.Conclusion In the early stage after extubation,prophylactic de-escalation therapy of NPPV for patients following operation of stanford type A aortic dissection,may quickly improve PaO2/FiO2,and increase the function of heart,avoid atelectasis.Furthermore,hospital stay was eventually shortened in NPPV group.

Objective To study the effect of hypoxia-ischemia (HI) on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the brain cortex and the hippocampus of immature rats,and to provide new therapeutic strategies for HI brain injury.Methods Three-day-old rats were divided into 2 groups.One group of rat pups were subjected to the left carotid artery ligation followed by 60 mL/L oxygen for 2.5 hours(HI-treated rats).The other group of rat pups were only subjected to the left carotid artery separation without ligation and 60 mL/L oxygen (sham-treated rats).The brain tissues were prepared at 3,7 and 14 d after treatment.Cresyl fast videt(CV) staining was used to evaluate the damage of the cortex and the hippocampus and check whether the models were successfully made.Immunostaining was used to determine the changes in BDNF positive cells in the brain cortex and the hippocampus after HI.Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the expression of BDNF protein in the brain cortex and the hippocampus after HI.Results Models were successfully made.CV staining showed that there was brain damages and area loss in the cortex and the hippocampus after HI.BDNF immunostaining showed that the number of BDNF-positive cells was significantly decreased in the cortex (t =-3.225,-2.298,all P ＜ 0.05) and the hippocampus (t =-3.751,-2.920,all P ＜ 0.05) in the damaged side of the brain compared to the contralateral side in the rats treated with HI and the sham-treated rats at 3 d after surgery,while increased at 7 d(t =3.924,2.838,all P ＜ 0.05 for cortex ; t =4.136,2.256,all P ＜0.05 for hippocampus) and 14 d (t =3.256,2.624,all P ＜ 0.05 for cortex ; t =3.051,2.719,all P ＜ 0.05 for hippocampus) after surgery.Western blot analysis showed protein expressions of BDNF:(1) Hippocampus:the protein expressions of BDNF were significantly decreased in damaged side of the brain compared to the contralateral side of rats treated with HI at 3 d(t =-3.388,P ＜ 0.05) after surgery,while increased compared to the contralateral side of rats treated with HI and the sham-treated rats at 14 d(t =4.874,4.646,all P ＜0.05) after surgery.(2)Cortex:the protein expression of BDNF was significantly decreased in damaged side of the brain compared to the contralateral side of rats treated with HI and the sham-treated rats at 3 d(t =-7.386,-3.256,all P ＜ 0.05) after surgery,compared to the sham-treated rats at 7 d(t =4.439,P ＜ 0.05) and the contralateral side of rats treated with HI and the sham-treated rats 14 d(t =24.161,3.942,all P ＜ 0.05) after surgery.Conclusions The number of BDNF-positive cells and protein expressions are decreased in the cortex and the hippocampus at the early stage of HI injury,and increased at the late stage.BDNF may play a role in the healing stage of HI brain injury.

Objective We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in the prevention of incisional infection of inguinal tension-free hernioplasty.Methods Articles of randomized controlled trials about the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in the prevention of incisional infection in the inguinal tension-free hernioplasty published from January 1975 to October 2012 was retrieved and systematically reviewed.Results A total of 11 randomized controlled trials meeting the inclusion criteria were screened.Among the 4159 cases of patients,130 cases had wound infection,and the infection rate was 3.13％.In the prophylactic antibiotics group of 1845 cases,wound infection occurred in 45 cases; the infection rate was 1.94％.In the control group of 2314 cases,85 cases had incision infection; the infection rate was 3.67％.The preventive use of antimicrobial drugs reduced surgical site infection of inguinal tension-free hernioplasty (OR 0.55,95％ CI 0.38-0.80,P =0.002).Conclusions The use of prophylactic antibiotics can effectively reduce the incisional infection in the inguinal tension-free hernioplasty.

Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; B7-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; CD28 Antigens ; metabolism ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Child ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; metabolism ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; immunology ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Receptors, Immunologic ; metabolism

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Objective To propose an extraction algorithm for extraction of breast tumor boundary in its ultrasonic image. Methods A novel Global-Local Energy function was proposed in the variational Level Set formulation for the curve evolution. By enhancing the intensity of local information, the breast tumor boundary was obtained from ultrasonic images accurately. Results Experiments on a synthetic ultrasound image showed that this method was more accurate at segmenting the object from the background than the Chan-Vese algorithm based on the global optimization. Experiments on 103 ultrasonic breast tumor images also showed that the boundaries were extracted accurately with this method without any pre-processing step. Conclusion This proposed method is expected for the fast and accurate boundary extraction of ultrasonic breast tumor boundary from ultrasonic image.

Objective To study the imaging manifestations and clinical significance of simple cochlear nerve canal(CNC)stenosis. Methods The HRCT findings of 14 patients(1 7 ears)with simple CNC stenosis diagnosed sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL)were retrospectively analyzed.The width of CNC and internal auditory canal was measured and compared with the normal ears,the data were statisti-cally analyzed by SPSS1 6.0.Thin-sliced MRI of internal auditory canal (axial and oblique sagittal position)was performed in 8 cases. Results HRCT displayed obvious CNC stenosis in all 14 patients(1 7 ears),2 ears with cochlear nerve canal atresia.Width of CNC and internal auditory canal was (0.5±0.3)mm and (4.6±1.0)mm,it was (2.1±0.2)mm and (5.1 ±1.3)mm in normal ears (1 1 ears),the width of CNC was of significant difference between normal ears and ears with SNHL,and there was no statistical sig-nificant difference in width of internal auditory canal.12 ears(from 1 7 ears with simple CNC stenosis)were lacking of fissure in the cribriform area,1 1 ears(normal ear)were existence of fissure in the cribriform area;cochlear nerves were not shown in 8 patients with MRI examination.Conclusion CNC stenosis can be isolated from internal auditory canal stenosis,MRI could display cochlear nerve dysplasia(CND).

Objective To evaluate the changes in the expression of annexin A2 (ANXA2) in lung tissues in rats with hepato-pulmonary syndrome.Methods Healthy 3-4-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes,weighing 220-250 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups:control group (group C,n =10),sham operation group (group S,n =10) and hepatopulmonary syndrome group (group HPS,n =20).The rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 3％ pentobarbital sodium 0.1 ml/100 g.Hepatopulmonary syndrome was produced by chronic ligation of the common bile duct.After 5 weeks,the rats were sacrificed and lungs were removed for determination of ANXA2 and smooth muscle actin α (SM-α-actin) mRNA and protein expression in lung tissues by RT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.Results There was no significant difference in the expression of ANXA2 and SM-α-actin mRNA and protein between groups C and S (P ＞ 0.05).The expression of ANXA2 and SM-α-actin mRNA and protein was significantly higher in group HPS than in groups C and S (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The expression of ANXA2 in lung tissues is up-regulated in rats with hepato-pulmonary syndrome.

Objective To establish a method for culture of rat pulmonary capillary pericytes.Methods Six male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 6-7 weeks,weighing 200-220 g,were anesthetized and the chest was opened.The pulmonary capillary was isolated by type Ⅰ collagenase digestion and micropore filtration and cultured in highglucose DMEM/F12 1∶1 containing 10％ fetal bovine serum and 0.5％ mixture of penicillin and streptomycin.The morphology and growth of cells were observed with inverted phase contrast microscope.The positive cells of αsmooth muscle actin (α-SMA),desmin,neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2),cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) were counted by immunofluorescence.The percentage of positive cells was calculated.Results The microscopic examination showed cells of shuttle shape or star shape,mononuclear cells,binuclear cells occasionally,oval nucleus,rich cell plasma,growth in the shape of vortex or fence,and no contact inhibition.The percentage of positive cells ofα-SMA,desmin,NG2,and CD31 was (99.0± 1.2)％,(96.0±2.1)％,(99.0±0.7)％ and0,respectively.Conclusion The culture method for rat pulmonary capillary pericytes is successfully established.