This study aims to explore and analyze the condition of concurrent diseases and medicine use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and western medicine among the patients with insomnia. One thousand and sxity seven cases of data from 20 national hospitals' hospital information system (HIS) databases were collected. The frequent concurrent diseases included hypertension (26.9%), brain blood supply insufficiency (24.93%), cerebral infarction (19.49%), blood lipoprotein disturbance (15.28%), coronary heart disease (14.15%), headache (10.68%), chronic gastritis (8.81%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (7.87%), depressive disorder (7.4%) and anxiety disorder (6.65%). The 10 most frequently-used western drugs included alprazolam (35.99%), aspirin (25.4%), olanzapine (24.18%), cinepazide (23.06%), flupentixol & melitracen (18.74%), zolpidem (18.37%), oxiracetam (15.65%), estazolam (15%), aniracetam (13.4%) and piracetam (13.31%). The 10 most frequently-used TCM included Shuxuening injection (16.4%), Shuxuetong injection (15.18%), extract of ginkgo biloba leaf (14.71%), gastrodin (12.46%), Dengzanxixin injection (11.34%), Xueshuantong (8.53%), Danhong injection (6.37%), compound liquorice tablet (5.81%), Sanqi Tongshu capsule (5.72%) and sowthistle-leaf ixeridium injection (5.34%). Among all combined uses, the most frequent western drug use was alprazolam and olanzapine, while combined use of hypnotic drug and Huoxuehuayu formula is the most frequent. This study concludes that the concurrent diseases mainly include cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, metabolic disorders and anxiety-depression disorders, with increasing tendency of diseases types by ages, especially for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. The most frequently-used hypnotic is alprazolam in the insomnia patients, and it is worth being concerned about the off-label use of olanzapine as an antipsychotic for the treatment of insomnia However, due to the fact that all cases data are from the inpatients, these findings have some limitations.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alprazolam ; therapeutic use ; Anti-Anxiety Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antipsychotic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Benzodiazepines ; therapeutic use ; Cerebral Infarction ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Coronary Disease ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Headache ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Humans ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; complications ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of silodosin in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCT) on the efficacy and safety of silodosin for the treatment of BPH were retrieved from Medline (1966-2012),Embase (1988-2012),Cochrane liberary,CMCC (1979-2012),CNK1 (1979-2012) and the quality of the included RCTs were evaluated using Cochrane systematic evaluation to analyze the data statistically using Rev Man 5.1.0 software.Results Six RCTs involving 2543 participants were included for the meta-analysis.Results of analysis showed that silodosin was effective in the treatment of BPH in term of total international prostate symptom score (IPSS) (standard mean difference (SMD) =2.92,95 ％ CI =2.19-3.65,P ＜ 0.05),voiding symptom score (SMD =1.92,95％ CI =1.44-2.39,P ＜0.05),storage symptom score (SMD =0.92,95％ CI=0.60-1.24,P ＜0.05),and maximum flow rate (Qmax) score (SMD =1.56,95％ CI=1.38-1.75,P ＜ 0.05),compared with the placebo.Silodosin 8 mg was more effective than tamsulosin 0.2 mg in term of IPSS-related parameters and Qmax (P ＜ 0.05).Silodosin 8mg and tamsulosin 0.4 mg were similarly effective in all the efficacy analyses.Abnormal ejaculation was less common with tamsulosin 0.2 mg and 0.4mg (P＜0.05); overall adverse events were similar with tamsulosin 0.2 and 0.4 mg (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Silodosin was significantly more effective than placebo and tamsulosin 0.2 mg in improving symptoms and as effective as tamsulosin 0.4 mg.For adverse events,abnormal ejaculation was more common with silodosin.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the significance of passing GSP authentication of mono-drugstores by joining in the drugstore chain.METHODS:The status quo of GSP authentication was surveyed so as to find the merits of the GSP authenti-cation-passed drug chain retailers and the drug chain wholesalers.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The mode of achieving the passage of GSP authentication of the mono-drugstore by joining in the drug store chain is feasible and essential.

AIM: To investigate the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and taurine (Tau) in preventing hyperoxia-induced the lens opacification and the changes of biochemical parameters on organ cultured rabbit lenses.METHODS: Twenty-four lenses from adult rabbits were divided into the control group, the hyperoxia-exposed group, the hyperoxia-exposed group containing 20mmol/L of NAC, the hyperoxia-exposed group containing 80mmol/L of Tau, respectively. The treated groups incubated with hyperoxia ( pO2>80%) for 4 hours per day throughout a 7-day period. Lens transparency, histology and enzymatic activities measurements were determined after this incubation.RESULTS: Gross morphological examination of these lenses revealed some severe cortical opacification in the hyperoxia-exposed group, moderate cortical opacification in the control group and the Tau treated group. There was minimal cortical opacification in the NAC treated group. The glutathione (GSH) content and the activity of Na, K-ATPase were significantly decreased in the hyperoxia-exposed group than that of the control group, by 37.8% (P<0.05) and 53.5% (P<0.05), respectively. However, they were increased in the two treated groups, especially in the NAC treated group. There were no significant differences in the water-soluble protein content and the catalase and GSH reductase activities in all group lenses.CONCLUSION: Hyperoxia can induce the cortical opaci-fication in the lens. The role of NAC in the prevention of hyperoxia-induced cataract is superior to Tau.

Aim Bupivacaine is a kind of long-acting amide local anesthetics.This paper aims to explore the effects of bupivacaine on the short-circuit currents in human alveolar epithelial monolayers and study the possible mechanisms.Methods Short-circuit currents were recorded by ussing-chamber setup.Amiloride-sensitive currents were defined as the difference be-tween the total current and the amiloride-resistant cur-rent.ERK1 /2 phosphorylation protein levels were ana-lyzed by Western blot at 0,1 5,30 and 60 min after administration of 1 00 μmol·L -1 bupivacaine.Results Bupivacaine could inhibit the short-circuit currents in H441 monolayers dose-dependently,which could be inhibited by amiloride.Western blot analysis showed that bupivacaine increased the level of ERK1 /2 phos-phorylation.Conclusion These data demonstrate that bupivacaine can reduce the alveolar ion transport by in-hibiting the amiloride-sensitive currents,possibly by the enhancement of ERK1 /2 phosphorylation. The effects of alveolar fluid clearance following application of bupivacaine should be considered clinically when the patient is complicated with lung injury.

0.05).Conclusion The results suggested that the polymorphism of CCR2-64I was not associated with hypertension in Han Chinese elders.

Objective To explore the guidance significance of the functional MRI and DTI (fMRI ,DTI) ,intraoperative ultra-sound(IOUS) ,neuronavigation ,electrocorticography(EcoG) monitoring used in surgical treatment of low-grade gliomas with epi-lepsy as main symptom located near the eloquent brain regions .Methods 23 neurosurgical patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University during 2009-2010 were performed the retrospective analysis .The preoperative fMRI ,DTI deter-mined the positional relation between the lesions with the conduction bundle and the eloquent brain regions ,the electrophysiological and imageological examinations positioned the epileptogenic focus and lesions ,the MRI-mediated neuronavigation system was adopt-ed to formulate the surgical plan and choose the best surgical approach ,IOUS was used to perform the realtime monitoring for pre-cisely positioning the lesion range and determining the extent of resection ,and the intraoperative EcoG was adopted to determine the epileptogenic focus localization ,the lesions and the epileptogenic focus was dealed by the operating microscope for avoiding the func-tional region ,and the patient′s prognosis was evaluated and recored in detail after operation .Results By the precisely positioning the lesions and epileptogenic focus by fMRI ,DTI ,neuronavigation and ultrasound ,the lesion resection degrees by the operative mi-croscope and intraopertaive pathological guidance were 17 cases of Ⅰ-Ⅱ grade ,4 cases of Ⅲ grade and 2 case of Ⅳ-Ⅴ grade .1 case of motor aphasia ,4 cases of hemiplegia and monoplegia and 1 case of disturbance of consciousness after operation were improved by the treatment of neurotrophy ,dehydration and hyperbaric oxygen and discharged from hospital with rehabilitation .No death case occurred .The evaluation of the life quality :20 cases ofⅠ-Ⅱ grade ,3 cases of Ⅲ grade and no vegetable survival case of Ⅳ grade . The evaluation of resection clinical effect :20 cases of cure ,3 cases of improvement ,no case of as before and exacerbation .After fol-lowed up for 6-24 months ,according to Engel classification of seizure efficacy assessment :Ⅰ-Ⅱ grade in 21 cases ,Ⅲ grade in 2 case ,no case of Ⅳgrade .Conclusion fMRI ,DTI ,neuronavigation ,IOUS and EcoG for guiding the operation of low grade gliomas located near the eloquent brain regions can resect the lesion to the largest extent and simultaneously deal with epileptogenic focus , effectively protect the neurological function of the functional region ,greatly reduce the side-injury of the normal brain tissues in the functional region ,at the same time increase the curative effect of symptomatic epilepsy .

Humans ; Laryngoscopy ; Larynx ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed ; Tuberculosis, Laryngeal ; diagnosis

Objective To explore the relationship between 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25-VD3)and alveolar fluid clearance(AFC)in mice in vivo,and investigate its effects in the process of lung fluid clearance. Methods KM male mice were treated with active vitamin D analogue parical-citol(daily i.p. injection)for 2 weeks,and then the in vivo AFC of these mice was measured by bovine serum albumin protein assays. western blot was applied to determine epithelial sodium channel protein levels in lungs of these mice. Results In vivo total AFC was 31.9%±3.8%in vitamin D-treated mice,and significantly lower in the vehicle-treated controls(19.7%±1.9%,P<0.05). Amiloride-sensitive AFC was increased approximate-ly 50%by vitamin D. western blot showed that the expression ofα-epithelial sodium channel was significantly elevated in paricalcitol-treated mouse lungs. Conclusion These observations suggest that vitamin D augments AFC in mice,which may be related to the augment of epithelial sodium channel protein expression. The clinical application of vitamin D therapy may ameliorate pulmonary edema of patients.

Objective To evaluate the potential activity ofSaccharomyces boulardii as an adjuvant to triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection,so as to forecast the probable effectiveness of Saccharomyces boulardii in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori and the adverse reaction.Methods A total of 120 patients who received gastroscopy and tested positive for Helicobacter pylori infection were divided into standard triple therapy group and Saccharomyces boulardii group with 60 cases each by random digits table method.Patients were randomized to receive one week standard triple therapy,supplemented with Saccharomyces boulardii in Saccharomyces boulardii group.Saccharomyces boulardii was taken 500 mg per day for one week.All adverse reactions were recorded during the treatment period.13C or 14C urea breath test was performed at four weeks after the end of triple therapy to evaluate the situation of Helicobacter pylori eradication.Results Helicobacter pylori eradication rate in Saccharomyces boulardii group was higher than that in standard triple therapy group [80.00％ (48/60) vs.73.33％ (44/60)],but there was no significant difference (P =0.542).Five adverse reactions including epigastric discomfort,nausea,diarrhea,taste disorder and liver injury were recorded during the treatment period.The incidence of adverse reactions such as epigastric discomfort and diarrhea in Saccharomyces boulardii group was significantly lower than that in standard triple therapy group [13.33％ (8/60)vs.43.33％(26/60),3.33％(2/60) vs.26.67％(16/60)],and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Saccharomyces boulardii as an adjuvant to triple therapy can not improve Helicobacter pylori eradication rate,but can decrease the incidence of adverse reactions during the treatment period and improve the complicance of Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment.