The intracellular hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) content per cell was increased by 7.2-fold in the culture with 1.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) compared with that in the control without DMSO, while the extracellular HBsAg production and specific productivity were only improved by 70% and 3.2-fold, respectively. Electron microscope has been employed to reveal large dilated structures within recombinant CHO cells in the presence DMSO. The dilated structures have a distribution within whole cytoplasm, and some dilated areas were engulfed in the nucleus. These large, dilated structures were not observed in the control. Immunogold labeling was used to discover the accumulated HBsAg was localized within these dilated areas, and some HBsAg-specific labels were detected in the nucleus membrane, owing to the encroachment of the dilated areas upon nucleus. The result could help to reveal the mechanism of intracellular HBsAg accumulation in the presence of DMSO.

Moot Court practice teaching is an important part of the teaching of medical and health law. Based on several years of university students' participating in moot court competition, and combined with the personal experience of the instructors and the participating students, we summed up our inexperience of medical law moot court practice teaching, and put forward feasible suggestions to professional Moot Court simulation practice teaching reform of Health Law in order to effectively improve the medical and health professional moot court practice teaching, thus implementing the law to strengthen the students practical skills trainingteaching objectives.

Objective To study the expression of VEGF-C and its receptor in breast carcinoma tissue and in peritumoral tissue,as well as their clinic significance.Methods Immunohistochemistry SP method was used to examine the expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR3 in 70 cases of breast cancer and in its peritu- moral tissue.Results In all 70 cases of breast cancer,the positive expression rate of VEGF-C in breast car- cinoma tissue was 78.6 %,and its rate in peritumoral tissue was 54.3 %.There was a significant stastistic dif- ference between the two groups(P

BACKGROUNDTo clarify the difference and significance of T-lymphocyte subsets in differential diagnosis between severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS) and common atypical pneumonia.

METHODSTotally 100 patients hospitalized in Beijing Ditan Hospital since March to June 2003 with clinical diagnosis of SARS were involved in this study. These patients courses of disease were over 3 weeks. These patients were divided into two groups, SARS group and common atypical pneumonia group (non-SARS group). The counts of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte of two groups were systematically recorded and analyzed.

RESULTSSixty-five of the patients were confirmed to have common type of SARS, including 26 males and 39 females, 50 cases received methylprednisolone treatment. Thirty-five cases had common atypical pneumonia (non-SARS), 21 were males while 14 were females, 20 cases received methylprednisolone treatment. All the cases of two groups were cured in the end. The SARS patients T-lymphocyte counts decreased first and then increased. Before 15 days of disease course, mean CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts of SARS patients were decreased apparently (694+/-568/microl, 441+/-356/microl, 309+/-462/microl). After 15th day of disease course, the counts gradually returned to normal CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts of non-SARS patients were normal. Compared with patients of the same group who were not treated with glucocorticoids, T-lymphocyte counts of non-SARS patients treated with glucocorticoids had no obvious difference. But glucocorticoids had some effect on SARS patients recovery of cellular immune function, i.e., it delayed the recovery by about 6 days.

CONCLUSIONWith or without treatment with glucocorticoids,the lowered CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts in the early stage are of very important significance in differential diagnosis between severe acute respiratory syndrome and common atypical pneumonia.

Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; diagnosis ; immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology

Total wrist arthroplasty are not used as widely as total knee and hip replacement. The functional hands are requiring surgeons to design a durable and functional satisfying prosthesis. This article will list the main reasons that cause the failure of the prosthesis. Some remarkable and representative prostheses are listed to show the devolvement of total wrist prosthesis and their individual special innovations to fix the problems. And the second part we will discuss the part that biomechanical elements act in the total wrist replacement (TWA). Summarize and find out what the real problem is and how we can find a way to fix it.
Arthroplasty, Replacement ; adverse effects ; methods ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; therapy ; Joint Prosthesis ; adverse effects ; Wrist Joint ; surgery

Adult ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal ; surgery ; Shoulder Pain ; etiology ; surgery ; Tendons ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the change of the blood coagulation function of guinea pigs exposed to 16 Hz/120 dB, 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound and to explore the mechanism of circulation system damage.

METHODSSeventy-two guinea pigs were divided into 3 groups: the control group, the group exposed to 16 Hz/120 dB infrasound for 1.5 h a day and the group exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound for 1.5 h a day. Each exposure group was divided into 4 sub-groups (8 guinea pigs a sub-group) which were exposed to infrasound for 1, 7, 14 and 21 d, respectively. The coagulation function and serum nitric oxide (NO) were measured for control group and all sub-groups after exposure to infrasound.

RESULTSThe prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR) and serum NO of group exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound were (31.16 ± 3.05) s, 2.53 ± 1.21 and (88.304 ± 52.601) µmol/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those [(21.36 ± 0.10) s, 1.65 ± 0.07 and (30.943 ± 26.864) µmol/L] of control group (P < 0.05). PT and INR of sub-groups exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound for 14 and 21 d were significantly higher than those of control group. NO of sub-groups exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound for 1 week and 2 weeks were significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.05), but NO of sub-group exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound for 3 weeks decreased slightly.

CONCLUSIONThe blood coagulation function of guinea pigs exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound decreased, PT and INR may be used as the indexes to assess of blood coagulation function change induced by the infrasound exposure.

Animals ; Blood Coagulation ; Blood Physiological Phenomena ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Noise ; adverse effects ; Prothrombin Time

Catheter Ablation ; Child ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; surgery ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Tachycardia, Supraventricular ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To explore the technique and significance of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) for scarless in the neck endoscopic thyroidectomy (SET) via breast approach.Methods From Apr.2015 to Oct.2015,101 consecutive patients undergoing SET with IONM were included.During the operation,patients received radical resection of the thyroid cancer by Wang's seven-step method.The lymph nodes in the central area were dissected and Wang's multi-functional separation forceps were implemented for recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) positioning,monitoring and protection.Also,time required for RLN positioning and exposure,postoperative transient and permanent RLN damage incidence were calculated to assess the feasibility of IONM under SET.Results Among 101 patients,130 RLNs in total were exposed.The average time required for RLN positioning under IONM was (3.26 ± 1.08)min,with round-nerve management time of (13.95 ± 4.58)min.Nerve signal change happened in 16.9％(22/130) patients.Positive predictive value was 13.6％ and negative predictive value was 100％.The overall accuracy rate was 85.4％.Conclusion IONM during SET is feasible,and can be helpful for the localization and functional protection of RLN and was useful to predict vocal cord paralysis.

BACKGROUNDRevision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery can be expected to become more common as the number of primary reconstruction keeps increasing. This study aims to investigate the factors causing instability after primary ACL reconstruction, which may provide an essential scientific base to prevent surgical failure.

METHODSOne hundred and ten revision ACL surgeries were performed at our institute between November 2001 and July 2012. There were 74 men and 36 women, and the mean age at the time of revision was 27.6 years (range 16 - 56 years). The factors leading to instability after primary ACL reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTSFifty-one knees failed because of bone tunnel malposition, with too anterior femoral tunnels (20 knees), posterior wall blowout (1 knee), vertical femoral tunnels (7 knees), too posterior tibial tunnels (12 knees), and too anterior tibial tunnels (10 knees). There was another knee performed with open surgery, where the femoral tunnel was drilled through the medial condyle and the tibial tunnel was too anterior. Five knees were found with malposition of the fixation. One knee with allograft was suspected of rejection and a second surgery had been made to take out the graft. Three knees met recurrent instability after postoperative infection. The other factors included traumatic (48 knees) and unidentified (12 knees).

CONCLUSIONTechnical errors were the main factors leading to instability after primary ACL reconstructions, while attention should also be paid to the risk factors of re-injury and failure of graft incorporation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies