Objective: To investigate the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and E-cadherin protein in human colorectal carcinoma and their correlation with tumor infiltration and metastasis as well as evaluate the relationship between the expressions of the two proteins. Methods: The expressions of MMP-9 and E-cadherin protein were detected by immunohistochemical staining (streptavidine-peroxidase method) in 52 cases of colorectal carcinoma (including 3 cases of colorectal adenomas with malignant change). Ten cases of normal colorectal tissues were as control. Results: (1) The over-expression of MMP-9 was closely related with lymph node metastasis and invasion of colorectal carcinoma. The positive rate of MMP-9 expression in the patients with lymph node metastasis (100%) was significantly higher than those without lymph node metastasis (89%). The positive expression of MMP-9 was significantly higher in patients who survived less than 5 years than those who survived more than 5 years (P < 0.05). (2) The expression of E-cadherin protein was closely associated with the lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05) but it had no significant correlation with tumor differentiation and Dukes'stages (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Over-expression of MMP-9 and reduction or loss of E-cadherin expression has significant correlation with metastasis and infiltration of colorectal carcinoma. The positive expression of MMP-9 closely correlated with the abnormal expression of E-cadherin.

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma subtyping.Methods 206 cases with renal tumors were confirmed by pathology and surgery from June 2012 to June 2014,including 113 male cases and 93 female cases.The mean age was 54 years (range 23-80 years).The subtype of renal tumor included clear cell carcinoma in 147 cases,papillary cell carcinoma in 32 cases,chromophobe cell carcinoma in 27 cases.All patients were received the CEUS before operation.The enhancement patterns,degree of enhancement,the appearance of necrosis and the time-intensity curve by contrast-enhanced ultrasound were analyzed.Results Enhancement patterns of CEUS were showed by fast in and fast out in 63.9％ (94/147)cases with clear cell carcinoma,59.4％ (19/32) cases with papillary cell carcinoma,51.9％ (14/27) cases with chromophobe cell carcinoma.Statistical significant diference was shown among those subtype groups (P ＜ 0.05).Most of the clear cell carcinomas (127/147,86.4％) showed hyperenhancing.While,the papillary renal cell carcinoma (22/32,68.8％) and chromophobe cell carcinoma (15/27,55.6％) showed hypoenhancing (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of necrosis in clear renal cell carcinoma was 62.6％ (92/147),and 59.4％ (19/32) in papillary cell carcinoma.necrosis area accounted for only 18.5％ (5/27)in chromophobe cell carcinoma (P ＜ 0.05).In the time-intensity curve analysis,the initial time,the average arrival time,the time to peak and area under the curve in renal cortex was (11.06 ± 2.75) s,(23.42 ± 2.79) s,(27.47 ± 3.02) dB,(35.01 ± 2.94)dB,respectively.Significant differences in those items were found in clear cell carcinoma,which was(8.01 ± 1.89) s,(20.05 ± 3.01) s,(30.03 ± 2.98) dB,(37.64 ± 4.01) dB respectively,compared with those in cortex (P ＜ 0.05).The arrival time,time to peak,peak intensity and area under the curve in papillary cell carcinoma were (1 1.12 ± 2.43) s,(27.29 ± 3.54) s,(20.13 ± 2.67) dB,(34.67 ±3.24) dB,respectively.The curve showed the time to peak was higher and the peak intensity were lower than those of renal cortex (P ＜0.05).The arrival time,time to peak,peak intensity and area under the curve in chromophobe cell carcinoma were (11.32 ± 2.90) s,(22.21 ± 3.62) s,(22.02 ± 2.52) dB,(28.67 ± 3.65) dB,respectively.The curve demonstrated peak intensity and area under the curve were lower than those of surrounding renal cortex (P ＜ 0.05).The increase of tumor diameter after contrast-enhanced ultrasound in clear cell carcinoma was about (0.35 ± 0.11)cm and in nonclear cell carcinoma was about (0.23 ± 0.10) cm (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The contrast-enhanced ultrasound played an important role in diagnosis and subtype renal cell carcinoma.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of self-prescribed Zuoyu No. 2 (ZY2) in the treatment of anal eczema after complex anal fistula operation. Methods: Totally 100 patients were randomly divided into two groups, the patients in the treatment group were given ZY2 combined with the conventional wound dressing treatment after defecation everyday, while the patients in the con-trol group were treated with washing infection area with warm water followed by applying triamcinolone acetonide and econazole creams on the lesion or itching skin combined with the conventional wound dressing after defecation everyday. Results:The efficiency rate in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group (82. 0% vs 60. 0%, P<0. 05), the total effective rate in the treatment group was also significantly higher than that in the control group (100% vs 90. 0%, P<0. 05). The anal pruritus disappearance time and the skin lesion recovery time in the treatment group were better than those in the control group(P<0. 05). Conclusion:ZY2 has a good clinical curative efficacy in the treatment of anal eczema after complex anal fistula operation with improvement of clinical symp-toms, which is worthy of promoted application.

Objective To study the efficacy of tourniquet to block the distal of radial styloid on success rate of radial artery catheterization.Methods One hundred and forty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients, aged 22-88 years,undergoing general anesthesia and requiring radial artery catheterization were in-cluded in this study and were randomly allocated into touch positioning group (group A)or tourni-quet-assisted group (group B).Radial artery catheterization was conducted after induction of general anesthesia in two groups.The invasive systolic blood pressure (ISBP ), invasive diastolic blood pressure(IDBP)and HR of patients were recorded in group B at 1 min before ischemia (T1 ),using pressure pulse blocking after 1 min (T2 ),2 min (T3 ),5 min (T4 )and the complete release of tour-niquet after 1 min (T5 ),5 min (T6 )and 10 min (T7 ).The first and total success rate of radial artery puncture,puncture times,puncture duration and complications were recorded.Results The radial ar-tery diameter was not statistically significant in group B between before and after blocking radial artery .ISBP at T2-T4 in group B was significantly higher than that at T1 (P <0.05).The first time puncture success rate and overall success rate in group B was significantly higher than that of group A,The number of puncture in group B was significantly less than that of group A,and puncture time was significantly shorter in group A (P <0.05).Conclusion Tourniquet-assisted radial artery cathe-terization could improve success rate,decrease puncture times and shorten puncture duration.

Objective To evaluate factors which maintain the stability of the ankle, and discuss indications for trans-syndesmotic fixation. Methods 12 freshly-frozen cadaver legs amputated below the knee were collected and divided into 2 groups. An ankle fracture model of unconstrained pronation-external rotation was then designed. Group A simulated the injury combined with medial malleolus fracture, and Group B the injury combined with deltoid tear. Ligaments were cut off sequentially to simulate the increasing severity of the injury. Fuji super low-pressure sensitive films and displacement transducers were used to measure the contact area of the tibiotalar articular surface and the width of the syndesmosis. The data were analyzed with SPSS to analyze the relationship of ligament injury and ankle stability. Results In Group A, the articular contact area and the syndesmotic width after section of the deltoid were significantly different from those before the section (P

Virus infection is a serious threat to human health and social development. The increase in pandemics caused by emerging and re-emerging viruses highlights the urgent need for broad-spectrum antivirals. In this perspective, we highlight recent case studies and summarize the universal strategies and methodologies in broad-spectrum antiviral drug discovery from common targets, common steps in viral life cycle, universal strategies, and broad-spectrum molecules, hoping to provide valuable guidance for the current and future development of antiviral drugs.

To increase the biotransfomation efficiency from the orotic acid to the uridine 5'-monophosphate(UMP),URA5 gene encoding orotate phosphoribosytransferase was amplified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 by PCR,then it was inserted into the expression vector pYX212(contained orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase gene URA3)and the pYX212-URA5 was transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae BJX12 by electroporation.The recombinant strain was elementarily used to convert orotic acid to UMP.The results showed that pYX212-URA5/BJX12 could accumulate 7mmol/L UMP from 32mmol/L orotic acid in 26h,significantly higher than both control groups pYX212/BJX12(2.7mmol/L) and BJX12(2.4 mmol/L).

New drug research and development is a technology-intensive industry with high investment, high cycle and high risk. In recent years, with the rapid development of modern disciplines such as omics technology, bioinformatics, high-throughput and high-content screening, and artificial intelligence, the research and development of small-molecule drugs has presented a new paradigm characterized by "integrated medicinal chemistry". This review summarizes new enabling drug discovery technologies, the emergence of new subfields formed through integration innovations and practical chemistry toolbox in the field of medicinal chemistry.

Objective　To investigate the clinical feasibility of robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy (RARC) by da Vinci surgical system and to summarize the operative technique and outcomes.Methods　From December 2007 to March 2012,22 patients (20 males and 2 females) with the bladder urothelial carcinomas were enrolled.Patient age was from 37 -72 years (rnean 62 years) ; the body mass index was 22.5 - 30.1 kg/m2 ( mean 26.1 kg/m2 ) ; and the American Society of Anesthesiologists score was 1 -2. All patients were diagnosed preoperatively with muscle -invasive or high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinomas in cystoscopic biopsy.There were no adjacent organ infiltration,pelvic lymph node involvement or dístant metastasis found on preoperative examinations.The clinical stage of all cases was under T2 N0 M0.Patients were under general anesthesia for RARC with urinary diversion.Extracorporeal urinary diversions (orthotopic ileal neobladder for 2 patients and ileal conduit urinary diversion for 13 patients)were performed on 15 patients and intracorporeal urinary diversions ( ileal conduit urinary diversion for 2 patientsand orthotopic ileal neobladder for 5 patients) were performed on 7 patients.　Results　All RARC procedure were completed on patients as planned.The operative time was 300 - 667 min ( mean 480 min)with estimated blood loss of 100 - 1200 ml (mean 550 ml),and the number of removed lymph nodes was 6 -25 (mean 15). All patients resumed ambulation on the 2nd to 3rd day postoperatively,and bowel function recovered on the 3rd or 4th day postoperatively.The length of hospital stay was 8 - 35 days ( mean 16 days).For patients underwent orthotopic ileal neobladder,the ileoureteral stents and the urethral catheter were removed 1 month after a cystogram confirming watertight healing.During the follow up of 4 -49 months (mean 32 months),2 patients had disease recurrence and 1 patient died of disease development and 2 patients had developed hydronephrosis.The other patients were with good urinary continence and normal renal functions.　Conclusions　RARC with urinary diversion are feasible and safe treatment option for bladder urothelial carcinoma.This technique will be more popular with more extensive surgical experiences and large randomized clinical trials.

Over the course of human civilization, viral infections have been a part of human life and still represent one of the heaviest burdens for human and society, with a huge devastating socioeconomic impact. Inorganic and bioinorganic chemistry have made important contributions to medical science and human health in the past half century. In this paper, we selected the representative cases in recent years, and reviewed the research progress of antiviral drug discovery from the perspective of bioinorganic chemistry.