The Baculoviridae are a large family of enveloped DNA viruses exclusively pathogenic to arthropods. Baculoviruses have been extensively used in insect cell-based recombinant protein expression system and as biological pesticides. They have been deomostrated to be safe to mammals, birds and fish. Recently, baculoviruses has been shown to transduce different mammalian cells in spite of the fact that they cannot replicate in mammalian cells (11, 73, 76). This has resulted in the development of baculoviruses as mammalian expression systems and even as vestors for gene therapy.

Child, Preschool ; Histoplasmosis ; complications ; pathology ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Male ; Mycobacterium Infections ; etiology

Adult ; Aged ; Asteraceae ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Female ; Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

Baculovirus has many advantages as vectors for gene transfer. We demonstrated that recombinant baculovirus vectors expressing p35 (Ac-CMV-p35) and eGFP (Ac-CMV-GFP) could be transduced into human kidney 293 cells efficiently. The level of transgene expression was viral dose dependent and high-level expression of the target gene could be achieved under the heterogonous promoter. MTT assay suggested that both Ac-CMV-p35 and Ac-CMV-GFP did not have cytotoxic effect on human embryo kidney 293 cells. Cell growth curve showed the Ac-CMV-p35 and Ac- CMV-GFP transduced and non-transduced cells had similar proliferation rate, so baculovirus-mediated p35expression had no adverse effect on cell proliferation. In addition, baculovirus-mediated p35 gene expression protected human embryo kidney 293 cells against apoptosis induced by various apoptosis inducers such as Actinomycin D, UV or serum-free media. These results suggested that the baculovirus vector mediated p35 gene expression was functional and it could be widely used in molecular research and even gene therapy.

Objective To investigate the preoperative management and the clinical effeciency of Lichtenstein tension-free hernioplasty in adult patients with inguinal incarcerated hernia.Methods Clinical data of 86 patients with inguinal incarcerated hernia were analyzed retrospectively.Hernia was repaired with Lichtenstein tension free after reposition.Results There were 59 male patients and 27 female patients with median age of (63 ± 18) years.There were 8 patients with liver cirrhosis.The operation was performed successfully in all patients.Segmental bowel resection with end-to-end anastomosis was performed in 38 emergency cases.Operative time was 20-120 min,with an average time of 54 min.The postoperative hospitalization was 5-17 d,with an average of 8 d.There were 7 cases of skin ecchymosis at the scrotum,there were no intestinal perforation,hepatic encephalopathy and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage after operation.In early series of 24 cases without drainage tube left in place,there were 10 cases of fat liquefaction,10 cases of hydrops of hernial sac,6 cases of seroma and 3 cases of wound infection after operation.After 12 to 48 months of follow-up,there was no mortality after 2 years,no hernia recurrence.Conclusions Tension free repair in the treatment of incarcerated inguinal hernia is safe and feasible.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of notoginsenoside R1 on amyloid-β (1-42) (Aβ(1-42)) induced mitochondrial apoptotic death in SH-SY5Y cells.

METHODCell viability was assayed by MTT, apoptotic rates were analyzed with PI/Annexin V flow cytometry, Bax and Bcl-2 expression were detected with Western blotting, enzymatic activity of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 were measured by ELISA assay.

RESULTThe 6.25-100 nmol x L(-1) of notoginsenoside R1 attenuate Aβ(1-42) induced apoptotic death of SH-SY5Y in dose dependent manner. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was elevated in SH-SY5Y with notoginsenoside R1 treatment. Caspase-3 and caspase-9 were activated with notoginsenoside R1 treatment while caspase-8 was not affected.

CONCLUSIONNotoginsenoside R1 could protect SH-SY5Y cells from Aβ(1-42) induced apoptosis via mitochondria related apoptotic pathway.

Amyloid beta-Peptides ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspases ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cytoprotection ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Mitochondria ; drug effects ; Peptide Fragments ; antagonists & inhibitors

Objective To study the clinicopathological characteristics and the prognostic factors in metastatic pancreatic tumor.Methods The clinical data of 32 patients with metastatic pancreatic tumors were retrospectively analyzed.The survival of the patients were evaluated with the KaplanMeier method.Univariate analysis was done by log-rank test.Results The primary foei of these32 patients included:9 lung cancer,6 renal cell carcinoma,5 gastric cancer,12 others.The median survival was 15.5 months in the radical surgery group (n 8),18 months in the cryosurgery group(n=3),8 months in the group with palliative bypass operation (n=9),6 months in the group with local radiotherapy (n=3),and 5 months in the group without treatment (n=9).Univariable analysis revealed the type of primary tumor,treatment of the primary tumor,interval between diagnosis of primary tumor and pancreatic metastases,localized pancreatic metastasis,and treatment of the metastatic pancreatic tumor were associated with prognosis.Conclusions Metastatic pancreatic tumors are rare.Long term survival can be achieved with pancreatic resection in a highly selected subset of patients according to the type of primary tumor.Therapeutic cryosurgery as a new minimally invasive,targeted and immunologic method needs to be further evaluated.

Objective To study the clinicopathological characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of patients with mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) of the pancreas.Methods The clinical data of 42 patients with mucinous cystic neoplasms of pancreas were retrospectively analyzed.Chi-square test and independent sample t-test were used for statistical analysis.Results The mean age of the patients was 53.1 yeas (ranged from 29 to 78 y).There were 32 female (76.2％).The patients were divided into two groups according to symptoms (the symptomatic group and the asymptomatic group).There were significant differences in tumor size,tumor location,operation type,operation time and adhesions with the surrounding tissues between the 2 groups of patients.The patients were then divided into three groups according to pathological type.There were significant differences in age,tumor marker,tumor location,operation type,operation time,adhesions with the surrounding tissues,operative blood loss,and postoperative hospital stay among the 3 groups of patients.There was no tumour recurrence in the patients with cystadenoma.Patients with cystadenocarcinoma developed tumor recurrence at a mean of 16.4 months (range,0-50) and died of tumor recurrence even after radical surgery at a mean of 22.9 months (range,3-58).Conclusion MCNs were seen most commonly in middleaged women.The presence of symptoms was a sign of malignancy.Resection of the tumor in the early stage is the key in dealing with MCNs.

BackgroundRetinal astrocytes are the main glial cells of retina,their origin and evolution progress are always the hot and difficult points in domestic and foreign researches. ObjectiveThis study was to explore the origin and development of retinal astrocytes in human fetal retina.Methods Thirty-three human embryonic eyes were collected from the abortion with the embryonic ages of 8-12 gestation weeks (20 eyes),15-17 gestation weeks ( 2 eyes),19-23 gestation weeks ( 4 eyes ),25 - 28 gestation weeks ( 4 eyes ),30 - 32 gestation weeks (3 eyes).The section of eyeball wall was prepared to observe the morphology and structure of different embryonic ages of retinas by regular histopathology examination.The origin of human embryonic retinal astrocytes was assessed by evaluating the change of GFAP expression in different embryonic ages of retinas using immunochemistry and immunofluorescence under the light and laser scanning confocal microscope.Theresearch was approved by the the Ethics Committee.Results The optic cup in embryonic 6- 7 weeks was in the retinal layering phase.Some immature short or round spindle-like cells appeared in primitive non-cell layer in the inner layer of the optic cup in embryonic 9 weeks of eyes.There were no positive GFAP-immunoactive cell was detected until embryonic 15 weeks of eyes.Some spindle-like cells migrated from a single layer primitive neuroepithelium next to optic disc expressing GFAP in the eyes with embryonic 19 weeks,and positive immunostaing for GFAP were detected in stellate cells surround blood vessels,and some seem to form the vessel wall in the ganglion cell layer and nerve fiber layer of the fetal central retina from 25 weeks through 26 weeks.Some positive response cells for GFAP presented in inner layer of the retina closed to ora serrata with the connection to nonpigmented epithelium (NPE) of the ciliary body during this period.Human retinal astrocytes showed typical stellate-like in shape,and the cellular processes crossed into inner plexiform layer in embryonic 28-week eyes.Conclusions Human retinal astrocytes mainly seem to have three kinds of origin in human embryonic eyes,and they are vascular precursor cell/pericytes,primitive neuroepithelium and nonpigmented epithelium of the ciliary body.

Background Lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma (LGPA) is the most common epithelialneoplasms of the lacrimal glands.Though its histopathological feature is benign,recurrence and malignant transition iscommon.The histopathologica feature of LGPA vary and resemble other lacrimal gland tumors.Objective Thissurvey was to explore the histopathological features of different subtypes of LGPA and their relationships with tumorrecurrence,and improve the knowledge of histopathological characteristics of LGPA.Methods A retrospectivestudy of 181 consecutive cases pathologically diagnosed as LGPA during 1966- 2010 years was performed toinvestigate the clinical and histopathological characteristics.Results One hundred and eighty-one LGPAs wereclassified as cell-rich type in 90(49.7％ ),stroma-rich type in 38 cases(21％ ),and intermediate type in 53 cases(29.3％ ).91.7％ of all tumors showed areas with thin( ＜20 μm) capsules independent of the tumor subtype.Tumorsof stroma-rich subtype showed greater thin-capsule regions.86.5％ recurrent LGPAs belonged to stroma-rich subtype(x2 =120.896,P =0.000 ),which had a higher rate of pseudopodia or satellite nodules in the capsules than other twosubtypes did(x2 =80.715,P =0.000 ).Cuboidal cells were the most commonly found cellular type followed bysquamous cells.Duct-like structures were the most frequent patterns formed mainly by epithelial cells.Myxoid stromawas the most frequently found mesenchymal-like tissue.Conclusions The tendency of recurrence and invadationof capsule may contributed to the high recurrence rate in stroma-rich type of LGPAs.The knowledge of the immensevariety of cells,architectures and morphological characteristics of LGPA are essential for a correction of pathologicaldiagnosis.