The paper is focused on the clinical applications of Tanreqing injection after listing, detecting and analyzing the related blood indicators of patients with allergic reactions based on prospective, multi-center, large sample, registration-type clinical safety monitoring nested case-control study (NCCS) to explore the possible mechanisms of allergic reaction of Tanreqing injection, 3 006 patients cases used with Tanreqing injection were monitored, including 3 cases of adverse reactions and 2 cases of allergic reactions. Each patient of allergic reactions, according to the ratio of 1:4 matches four cases of not adverse reactions as a control group of patients, while 5 healthy and 5 cases of volunteers into the healthy group. We examined the correlation detection of cases of allergic reactions among groups such as T-IgE, IgA, IgG, C3, C4, IFN-g, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10. Allergic reactions of Tanreqing injection may be mediated by IgE as type I based on existing research data. This results and conclusions will promote the justifiability and safety of clinical applications.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-2 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Young Adult

Objective To construct an hybrid bioartificial liver supporting system,and observe its effectiveness and safety on patients with acute on chronic liver failure.Methods Hybrid bioartificial liver supporting system (HBALSS) was constructed using bioreactor with HepG2 cells transfected with human augmenter of liver regeneration (hALR) gene.12 acute on chronic liver failure patients were divided into 2 groups randomly.The treatment group was treated with the hybrid bioartificial liver support system.The group underwent plasma exchange was used as control.Results In the treatment group,four patients recovered,one patient died of hepatic encephalopathy,one patient died of hepatorenal syndrome,one patient recovered,but died of gastrointestnal bleeding after 1 year.In control group,two patients recovered,one patient underwent orthotropic liver transplantation,and three patients died of liver failure.Conclusion The hybrid bioartificial liver supporting system with HepG2 cell line was established successfully and have certain safety and effectiveness on acute on chronic liver failure patients.

Groundwater remediation by nanoparticles has received increasing interest in recent years. This report presents a thorough evaluation of hexavalent chromium removal in aqueous solutions using iron (Fe(0)) nanoparticles. Cr(VI) is a major pollutant of groundwater. Zero-valent iron, an important natural reductant of Cr(VI), is an option in the remediation of contaminated sites, transforming Cr(VI) to essentially nontoxic Cr(III). At a dose of 0.4 g/L, 100% of Cr(VI) (20 mg/L) was degraded. The Cr(VI) removal efficiency decreased significantly with increasing initial pH. Different Fe(0) type was compared in the same conditions. The reactivity was in the order starch-stabilized Fe(0) nanoparticles>Fe(0) nanoparticles>Fe(0) powder>Fe(0) filings. Electrochemical analysis of the reaction process led to the conclusion that Cr(OH)(3) should be the final product of Cr(VI). Iron nanoparticles are good choice for the remediation of heavy metals in groundwater.
Chromium ; chemistry ; Electrochemistry ; Fresh Water ; chemistry ; Iron ; chemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Nanostructures ; chemistry ; ultrastructure ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; Starch ; chemistry ; ultrastructure ; Water Pollutants, Chemical

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of compound tianpupian (TPP) and its compositions against oxidative damage in mouse erythrocytes. The protective effect of TPP and its compositions against the red cell hemolysis induced by (2)O(2) or auto-oxidation were observed by scanning electron microscopy and spectrophotomety. The result indicated that compound TPP and all of its four components including extract of Rhodiola sachalinensis, Grape Seed Extract proanthocyanidins, Acanthopanax senticosus extract, and tea polyphenols had significant inhibitory activities for the oxidative damage of mouse erythrocytes, out of which the Grape seed extract proanthocyanidins showed the maximal protective effect. It is concluded that compound TPP can protect erythrocytes against oxidative stress and can be used as a valuable Chinese traditional medicine.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Erythrocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Grape Seed Extract ; pharmacology ; Hemolysis ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Proanthocyanidins ; pharmacology ; Rhodiola

Expression of HLA class Ⅱ antigens(HLA-DR, DQ and DP), interleukin2 receptors(IL-2R) and transferrin receptors(TfR) of blood monocytes from 10 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes meIlitus (IDDM) were assayed with the indirect immune fluorescence technique using corresponding monoclonal antibodies and the FITC-labelled second antibody. The results showed that the number of HLA-DQ~+ monocytes was much more in diabetics than in normal controls. The percentages of HLA-DR~+ and HLA-DP~+ monocytes in diabetics were not different significantly from those in normal controls. Besides, IL-2R~+ and TfR~+ monocytes were also found to be very much increased in diabetics as compared with controls. It was possible that increased expression of HLA-DQ antigen, IL-2R and TfR of monocytes in patients with IDDM might play a role in the pathogenesis of the autoimmune reaction.

Objective To measure the concentration of serum transthyretin (TTR) of patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods A total of 176 patients with diabetes mellitus were included in this study.There were 104 males and 72 females.The patients aged from 21 to 74 years,with the mean age of(56± 11) years.The diabetes duration raged from 1 to 30 years,with the mean diabetes duration of (10 ± 7) years.The HbA 1C was 5.2％-14.1％,with the mean HbA 1C of (8.6 ± 2.0)％.According to the fundus examination,58 patients had DR (33.0％),but the other 118 patients not (67.0％).For these DR patients,10 patients were in stage Ⅰ (5.7％),26 patients in stage Ⅱ (14.8％),8 patients in stage Ⅲ (4.5％),and 14 patients in stage Ⅳ (8.0％).The concentration of serum TTR was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay kit.The differences in the concentration of serum TTR between different DR stages were compared.Bivariate analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of TTR.Results The concentrations of serum TTR of the patients without DR or with DR of stage Ⅰ to Ⅳ were (224.96±65.47),(383.68± 102.99),(247.44±63.21),(228.2 ± 45.89),(189.34± 70.12) mg/L,respectively.The difference between different DR stages was statistically significant (F=14.690,P＜ 0.001).Bivariate analysis showed that the concentration of TTR was correlation to DR (r=0.179,P=0.017).There was no correlation between the concentration of TTR and diabetes duration (r=-0.027,P=0.727),hypertension (r=0.018,P=0.810),hyperlipoidemia (r=0.101,P=0.182),and the use of insulin (r=-0.032,P=0.675).Conclusion The concentration of serum TTR was increased in early DR patients,and gradually decreased with the progression of DR.The concentration of TTR is correlated to DR.

Objective To understand distribution of the endemic fluorosis areas and running status of water-improving defuoridation projects in Gausu province. Methods In 2006, Gansu province endemic fluorosis areas, the content of fluoride in drinking water was measured in villages where water was not improved, running status of delluoridation projects was investigated and the content of fluoride in drinking water were determined in villages where water was improved. Dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis prevalence were examined in children in identified high-fluorlde villages. The fluorine content in drinking water was determined by F-ion selective electrode, dental fluorosis of children was diagnosed using Dean method, and adults skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed according to "National Standard for Clinical Diagnosis of Endemic Skeletal Fhiorosis" (GB 16396-1996). Results Water samples were examined in 1997 villages of 26 countries, among which water fluoride content was higher than 1.0 mg/L in 598 villages, accounting for 29.94%(598/1997). All 1215 water-improving and defluoridation projects had been investigated, among which 94.90%(1153/1215) of the projects were functioning well, and intermittent and abandoned projects accounted for 2.96%(36/1215) and 2.14%(26/1215). Mean fluoride of treated water of 1084 water-improving and defluoridation projects had water fluoride content ≤ 1.0 mg/L, accounted for 90.79%(1084/1194) ; mean fluoride of water from 1068 water-improving and defluoridation projects had water fuoride content ≤ 1.0 mg/L, accounting for 91.75%(1068/1164). Total 86 390 children of 8 to 12 year-old were examined, the detectable rate of dental fluorosis was 22.47%(19 414/86 390) and 142 211 adults above 16 year-old were examined, the detectable rate of skeletal fluorosis was 4.20%(5967/142 211). Conclusions Some villages yet have water fluoride content exceeding the standard. Some projects are abandoned and running badly, leading to fluoride content exceeding the standard. In a few areas, the prevalence of children dental fluorosis and adult skeletal fluorosis still exists in Gansu province, the task of prevention and control for endemic fluorosis is still arduous. We must raise the effect of prevention and treatment of this disease.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of a valved stent on closure patent ductus arteriosas in a Chinese miniswine model. Methods Self-expandable nitinol stents were made of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy (9 nun in diameter). Bovine pericardium was shaped and sutured onto the stents. Fluid passing test, pre-releasing test and static test of pressure in tube were performed in all devices before use. In eight Chinese miniswine, vascular grafts (PTFE vascular prosthesis) were surgically inserted between the descending thoracic aorta and pulmonary artery for establishment of patent duetus arteriasus model Valved stents were deployed to occlude the patent ductus arteriosus. Echocardiography was performed two hours post operation. Aortic angiography was made 30 days post operation in survived animals. Animals were then sacrificed for autopsy and electron microscopy examinations. Results In vitro testing showed that the closure of the valved stent leaflets was satisfactory and fluid flows were not restricted in the opposite direction. The valved stenta could be released through catheter, expanded completely, rapidly fixed in the tube. Closure of patent ductus arteriosas was succeeded in 6 out of 8 animals. One animal died of respiratory failure 2 hours post operation, another one died of pulmonary embolism due to valved stent displacement. Resident shunt was not evidenced by echocardiography, aortic angiography and dissection examinations in the remaining 6 animals. The new endothelial tissue fully covered the pulmonary and aortic sides of patent ductus arteriosus in 4 and 3 animals respectively. The electron microscopic observation revealed endothelial coverage of diveea. Conclusion The valved stent could effectively close artificial patent dactus arteriosus in vivo with satisfactory new intima covering on beth sides of patent ductus arteriosus.

Objective To explore the separation and culture method of adult hepatocytes. Methods The isolated adult hepatocytes were cultivated by RPMI 1640 medium at 37℃ in vitro. The characteristics of the growing hepatocytes were observed. Their synthesis of urea was detected. The transformation efficiency and density's change of lidocaine were analyzed. Results Hepatocytes were successful separated from adult liver. And they were cultivated in common condition and hollow fiber reactor. The functional capacity of bepatocytes was for lidocaine metabolism and urea excretion. Conclusion The adult bepatocytes have been successful separated from liver. And they can be cultivated in common condition and hollow fiber reactor. And it could provide a great quantity and high activity of hepatocytes for bioartificiul liver.

Orthotopic liver transplantation has proven to be effective in the treatment of a variety of life-threatening liver diseases, however, the limitations of donated organs available and long-term immunosuppression provided an impetus for developing alternative therapies. Cell replacement strategies have been one major effective approach for overcoming the obstacles of organ transplantation in recent years. The exogenous cells should be able to proliferate and differentiate into mature hepatic cells after grafting. Use of mature hepatocytes is also hampered by limited tissue source and inability to proliferate and maintain the function for a long term in vitro. Embryonic stem cells are immortal and pluripotent and may provide a novel cell source for potential cell therapy. This review summarizes the mechanisms of controlling early liver development and hepatic differentiation of visceral endoderm in embryoid bodies, and provides an overview of diverse differentiation systems in vitro and in vivo that were applied to hepatic research in recent years. Several studies have demonstrated that ES cell-derived hepatocytes can incorporate into liver tissue and function in vivo , but a few of them have shown complete restoration of liver function after transplantation into mice with liver diseases. Further studies should be made to exploit efficient methods and clinical applications of hepatocytes derived from ES cells in the future. In addition to clinical transplantation for treatment of liver diseases, ES cells can provide a valuable tool for drug discovery applications and study on of molecular basis of hepatic differentiation.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; cytology ; transplantation ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; therapy