The bone mineral density(BMD) of the lumbar spine (L2L4) was measured by using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry(Norland M6 DEXA) in 80 children aged between 2months and 15years (group I:2monthlyears, group 2: 1year5years, group3:6years10years, group4*: 11years15years). The correlation coefficient of BMD with age, body weight, height and Tanner stage were 0.696, 0.693, 0.717 and 0.636 respectively. There were sigificant difference. in BMD(g/cm2) between-group 1(BMD : 0.335 0.175) and group 2(BMD : 0.627 0.200), and group 3(BMD : 0.714 0.189) and group.4(BMD : 0. 8730.163) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference of BMD between boys and girls(P<0.05). BMD also increased significantly with development of Tanner stages(Tanner stage 1 : 0.547 0.234, Tanner stage 2 : 0.783 0.136, Tanner stage 3 : 0.998 0.080) (P<0.05). These data indicate that the BMD was correlated with age, body weight, height and Tanner stage significantly and BMD increased significantly during growth spurt occured in 1 to 4years of age and puberty.
Absorptiometry, Photon* ; Adolescent ; Body Weight ; Bone Density* ; Child* ; Humans ; Puberty ; Spine*

Malignant schwannoma is a rare spindle cell tumor derived from schwann cells. There is no significant age or sex distribution. The typical clinical presentation is that of a painless slowly enlarging soft tissue mass, occasionally associated with a peripheral neuropathy. Tumors tend to recur lacally and eventually metastasize, commonly to the lung. We report a case of solitary malignant schwannoma with metastsis to the regional axillary lymph nodes. The patient is a 50-year-old male who had the recurred tumor on right upper arm and child fist sized palpable painless mass on right axilla, which were confirmed to be malignant schwannoma and. lymph node metastasis. But we could not find any evidence of pulmonary metastasis. Tumor and metastatic lymph nodes were widely excised and skin graft was performed.
Arm ; Axilla ; Child ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Neurilemmoma* ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Schwann Cells ; Sex Distribution ; Skin ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter, activates persistent low amplitude tonic currents in several brain regions, in addition to conventional synaptic currents. Tonic conductance is highly sensitive to low concentrations of volatile anesthetics and therefore might contribute to amnestic properties. We compared the properties of GABAergic tonic currents mediated by sedative-amnestic midazolam and anesthetic propofol in rat hippocampal neurons. METHODS: Patch clamp techniques were used to characterize the GABAergic currents recorded in CA1 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices. The amplitude of the tonic currents and the decay of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) were measured after administration of midazolam or propofol. RESULTS: Both midazolam and propofol caused concentration dependent increases in the tonic currents. The enhancement of the tonic currents by midazolam concentrations of greater than 0.5 microM caused no further increase in current amplitude. Propofol continued to increase with concentrations over the range tested (0.1-10 microM). Low concentrations of midazolam 0.01 microM and propofol 0.5 microM selectively enhanced the tonic currents but failed to alter mIPSCs. CONCLUSIONS: Low concentrations of midazolam and propofol selectively enhanced the tonic currents but not synaptic currents of rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Unlike midazolam, the response to propofol did not become saturated and had a greater effect on the tonic currents.
Anesthetics ; Animals ; Brain ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; Hippocampus ; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Midazolam ; Neurons ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Propofol ; Rats

Paraffinoma is a well known complication of previous paraffin injection into the subcutaneous layer that presents as various conditions including firm mass formation, edema, induration, ulceration, and skin necrosis. Paraffinoma can mimic neoplasm on physical examination and imaging studies and may complicate ultrasonographic diagnoses due to typical posterior shadowing and high echogenicity. When paraffinomas involve around the thyroid gland, the diagnosis of thyroid tumors is very difficult. We present a case of thyroid cancer, the evaluation of which was complicated by the presence of cervical paraffinoma.
Edema ; Hydrazines ; Necrosis ; Paraffin ; Physical Examination ; Shadowing (Histology) ; Skin ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Ulcer

The antigenic domain of the major surface protein (Nc-p43) of Neospora caninum was examined by polymerase chain reaction of its gene fragments and recombinant expression as GST fusion proteins. The fragments of Nc-p43 were as follow: a total open reading frame (OFR), T; OFR without signal sequence and C-terminal hydrophobic sequence, S; N-terminal 2/3 parts of S, A; C-terminal 2/3 parts, P; N-terminal 1/3 part, X; middle 1/3 part, Y; and C-terminal 1/3 part, Z, respectively. The DNA fragments were cloned into pGEX-4T vector. Recombinant plasmids transformed into Escherichia coli of BL21 pLysS (DE3) strain were induced to express GST or GST fused fragments of Nc-p43 such as 69 kDa protein for T, 66 kDa for S, 52 kDa for A, 53 kDa for P, and 40 kDa proteins for X, Y, and Z, respectively in SDS-PAGE. The Nc-p43 fragments of T, S, and P reacted with a bovine serum of neosporosis while those of A, X, Y, and Z together with GST did not in the western blot. These findings suggest that the antigenic domain of Nc-p43 of N. caninum may be localized in the C-terminal 2/3 parts. Together with A19 clone in SAG1 of Toxoplasma gondii (Nam et al., 1996), the P fragment of Nc-p43 could be used as efficient antigens to diagnose and differentiate those infections with both species.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Markers/analysis ; Blotting, Western ; Cells, Cultured ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Coccidiosis/diagnosis ; Neospora/*immunology ; Protozoan Proteins/*analysis/genetics/immunology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Vero Cells/parasitology

Congenital origin intestinal obstruction are important disease due to required emergency operation. So accurate and rapid diagnosis needed for decreased mortality and morbidity. Radiologic must defect to accurate obstruction site and also associated other congenital anomalies. And also embryological basis are very important role to the diagnosis of these diseases. We were analyzed radiologically and clinically 25 cases with congenital origin intestinal obstruction with review of literature. 1. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 6 cases, midgut malrotation 4 cases, congenital megacolon 8 cases, imperforated anus 5 cases, ileal atresia 1 case and duodenal atresia 1 case. 2. Male and female radio was 16:9. Especially on hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, 5 cases were male infants. 3. All cases of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis represented string sign and also pyloric beak sign, shoulder sign on UGI. 4. 1 case duodenal atresia showed double bubble sign on simple abdomen x-ray and ileal atresia showed mechanical small bowel obstruction sign with microcolon. 5. On midgut malrotaton, cecum was located in right upper abdomen on 4 cases. And 2 cases were associated with Ladd's band, 1 case with volvulus and 1 case with mesenteric defect. 6. Involved site of all congenital megacolon were localized to rectosigmoid colon. 7. On 5 cases imperforated anus, 3 cases were low type and 2 case high type. Rectoperitoneal and rectourogenital fistula were demonstrated on 4 cases.
Abdomen ; Anal Canal ; Animals ; Beak ; Cecum ; Colon ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Female ; Fistula ; Hirschsprung Disease ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intestinal Obstruction* ; Intestinal Volvulus ; Male ; Mortality ; Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic ; Shoulder

No abstract available.
Posterior Cruciate Ligament*

BACKGROUND: The SF-6D, derived from the SF-36, is a preference-based instrument measuring health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Using this tool, we measured the HRQOL of persons disabled by stroke dwelling in Gyeongju city and identified factors affecting the HRQOL. METHODS: As of March 2008, 991 persons who had had a stroke and were aged 50 and over were identified on the Gyeongju city disabled registry. Interviewers specifically trained for this face-to-face survey gathered pertinent information including general and clinical characteristics from June to October 2008. In addition, the health status was measured using the Modified Rankin Scale, the Barthel ADL index, and the SF-36. The SF-6D index was derived from the SF-36. We analyzed the known-group construct validity and convergent validity. Finally, we performed multiple regression analyses to identify factors affecting the HRQOL. RESULTS: Of the 991 potential subjects, 498 persons participated in the interviews (response rate: 50.3%). The SF-6D indices for females and those aged 70 and over were lower than indices for males and those aged 60 and less. Correlation coefficients between the Modified Rankin Scale, the Barthel index, and the SF-6D index were relatively high (-0.533 and 0.555, respectively) and statistically significant (P<0.001). Multiple regression analyses showed that sex, age, smoking, alcohol use, comorbidity, the Modified Rankin Scale, and the Barthel index had an effect on the SF-6D index of persons with stroke, and the Barthel index was the most important factor. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the SF-6D can be a valid tool for evaluating health states of persons disabled by stroke, and functional limitation was the main factor affecting the HRQOL.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Comorbidity ; Disabled Persons ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Quality of Life ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stroke ; Value of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
46, XY Disorders of Sex Development* ; Humans ; Male*

The Korean Neuropsychiatric Association has decided that the existing nomenclature "Schizophrenia" should be replaced with "Attunement disorder" in order to mitigate prejudices from the general public. In this process, "attunement" was meant to express the harmonious relationship and organic integration among the various substructures of global mental functioning. However, the term "attunement" and related concepts had occupied an important position in discourses surrounding the fundamental concept of schizophrenia. In this regard, the historical vicissitudes of the term "attunement" in the context of schizophrenia research was discussed. The term "attunement" is an English translation of Heideggerian expressions "Befindlichkeit" and "Stimmung". It is used by Heidegger to convey the emotional experience of Dasein's inextricable entanglement with the surrounding interpersonal world. Heidegger's philosophical works formed the theoretical foundation for the so-called Phenomenological-anthropological psychiatry. Psychiatrists influenced by this approach argue that patients with schizophrenia suffer from a sense of alienation and bewilderment resulting from loss of normal attunement. In addition, they stress that the loss of attunement brings about distorted self-experience, which leads to strange and uncanny life experiences exiled from intersubjectivity based society. From the phenomenological perspective, mind or consciousness is not a solipsistic Cartesian reason confined to the brain, but an intentional existence embedded in the interpersonal and intersubjective worlds. In the developmental period, intentional relationship between the consciousness and the world has been acquired from repeated shared experiences with other people via intersubjectivity. The intersubjective experiences also contribute to maintenance of solid attunement even after reaching mature adulthood. Whatever the reason, losing the tacit understanding of the world will cause disintegration of the foundation of intersubjectivity and confusion with regard to the certainties of self and the world. This state was described as "Attunement disorder". Recent emphasis on neurobiological understanding of schizophrenia has impeded the proper appreciation of Phenomenological-anthropological understanding of schizophrenia, one of the valuable heritages of psychiatry. Meanwhile, the concept of phenomenological understanding or embedded cognition has recently gained renewed attention among neuroscientists studying neurobiological correlates of consciousness. Standing on the pivotal point witnessing the conceptual change from "Schizophrenia" to "Attunement disorder", reappraisal of the past heritage from modern perspectives would be a valuable endeavor for advancement of psychiatry.
Brain ; Cognition ; Consciousness ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Prejudice ; Psychiatry ; Schizophrenia