Total 2625 cases of pulmonary sequestration were collected from literatures of Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure from 1998 to 2008. The age, gender, clinical symptoms, chest CT scan,chest X-ray findings, lesion location, supplying artery, venous reflux, and preoperative misdiagnosis of 2625 cases were retrospectively reviewed. The male: female ratio of all cases was 1.58: 1. The main clinical symptoms of pulmonary sequestration were cough, sputum, fever, hemoptysis and chest pain, but 13.36% patients were asymptomatic. Chest CT scan showed pulmonary massive lesions (49.00%), pulmonary cystic lesions (28.57%), pulmonary cystic-solid lesions ( 11.57% ), and flaky shadows (7.96%). Pulmonary sequestration mainly located in the lower lobe; 66. 43% located in the left posterior basal segments, and 20. 16% located in the right posterior basal segments. Pulmonary sequestrations were divided into three types, intralobar sequestration (83. 84% ), extralobar sequestration ( 16.03% ), and mixed sequestration (0.13% ). The arterial supply was mainly from branches of thoracic aorta (76. 55% ) and abdominal aorta (18.47%). The clinical manifestations of pulmonary sequestration were various, so the preoperative misdiagnosis rate was as high as (59 ± 20) %. We should take full advantage of clinical symptoms, imaging findings and location characteristics to improve the preoperative diagnosis rate.

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Cyanamide ; analysis ; Spectrophotometry ; Workplace

Dioscin, a typical saponin, is widely present in the family of Dioscoreaceae, Liliaceae, Caryophyllaceae and Rosaceae, especially in Dioscoreaceae, including Discorea nipponica Makino, Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright and Dioscorea panthaica Prain et Burkill. Traditional Chinese medicine reported that dioscin plays a role in expectorant, relaxing the muscles and stimulating the blood circulation, aiding digestion and diuresis. With the development of science and technology in recent years, some new extraction and separation techniques and methods have been applied to the study of dioscin, and more and more pharmacological effects were found. Modern pharmacology studies have confirmed that dioscin had some activities on desensitization, anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, anti-tumor, hepatoprotection and anti-viral. After oral administration, dioscin is metabolized to diosgenin, which is the true active ingredient and is an important raw material to synthesize steroid hormone drugs. Therefore, the studies on dioscin are valueable and promising. In this review, we make a summary on the researches of dioscin including the extraction technology, separation and prepara- tion, chemical synthesis, drug metabolism, determination and pharmacological researches.
Animals ; Biological Products ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Diosgenin ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Plant Extracts ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Activins ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cerebral Cortex ; drug effects ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Hippocampus ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Neuroprotective Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Treatment Outcome

[Objective]To investigate diagnosis of lumbar instability,segment of spinal canal decompression and principle of fixation and fusion.[Method]158 cases of degnenerative lumbar instability from Feb 2001 and Oct 2006 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively,the patients were operated with posterior decompression,instrumentation with pedicle screw and interbody or inter-transverse fusion.Patients all were examined with lumbar radiographys of lateral flexion and extension and with lumbar CT befor operation,Patients began to walk after operation one week,6 months later,restore to normal activities.[Result]The preoperative spinal canal area was 56~114 mm2,averaged 74 mm2,the postoperative spinal canal area 204~296 mm2,averaged 221 mm2.The patients were followed up from 6 months to 5 years(averaged 2 years and 5 months).The score was evaluated according to the JOA score.The preoperative score was averaged 3.7,the postoperative score was averaged 13.2,the improving rate was averaged 85%.108 case excellent,46 good,3 fairand 1 bad,The excellent and good rate was 97.5% in this group.[Conclusion]The spinal stability can be effectively maintained and reconstructed by decompression of spinal canal and instrumentation with pedicle screw system and fusion,which is a good method for treating Degnenerative instability of lumbar spine.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs(TCMH) on benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH) and their influence on proliferation and apoptosis of prostate cells in experimental mice. Methods A total of 120 male Kunming mice(weight,30 to 40 g)were randomly divided into 5 groups:①normal control group;②hyperplastic group;③normal saline(NS)(negative control)group;④TCMH group;⑤finasteride (positive control) group.Each group included 24 mice.The mice in normal control group were killed and their prostates were weighed.The BPH model was induced by implanting the urogenital sinus in the mice in other 4 groups.In the 61st day,the prostate weight of the mice in hyperplastic group was examined after they were killed;and the mice in the remaining groups were fed with NS,TCMH and finasteride,respectively.In the 91st day,the mice in these 3 groups were killed and their prostates were weighed.The proliferation and apoptosis of the prostate cells of mice in the 3 groups were determined by flow cytometry(FCM). Results The prostates in hyperplastic group [(149.30?8.46)mg] were heavier than those in TCMH group [(85.60?17.97)mg] ( P 0.05). Conclusions The TCMH has a significant therapeutic effects on experimental mice with BPH.The mechanisms may be as follows:TCMH can regulate the relevant genes of the prostate cells so that they can promote the apoptosis of the prostate cells and as a result,the volume and weight of the prostate of the mice are reduced.

Animals ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; therapy ; China ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy

Humans ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; Societies, Medical ; United States

OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid and cefazolin in rat plasma.METHODS: Chromatographic determination was performed on spherisorb C18 column with methyl alcohol- 0. 1mol/L potassium ethydrogen phosphate(30: 70v/v, pH 3.0)as the mobile phase and a flow rate of 1.2ml/min.Detection wavelengthes were UV 275nm for chlorogenic acid and 326nm for cefazolin.The concentrations of chlorogenic acid and cefazolin in rat plasma were detected.RESULTS: The calibration curves were linear with the correlation coefficients of 0.997 and 0.998, repectively.The RSDs for the between- day and within- day were both lower than 4% for chlorogenic acid and 6% for cefazolin, respective.The mean recoveries were 93.30%, 93.35% and 96.40% for chlorogenic acid, and 93.41%, 96.60% and 92.36% for cefazolin at large, middle and low dosages, respectively.The concentrations of cefazolin in rat plasma were decreased in coadministration with chlorogenic acid.CONCLUSION: The study provides a simple method for simultaneous determination of the plasma levels of chlorogenic acid and cefazolin.