Humans ; Olfaction Disorders ; genetics ; Smell ; genetics

Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Olfaction Disorders ; congenital ; genetics

Objective: To evaluate the reliability of the digital marker tracing method combined with center-of-mass algorithm in measuring human pelvic displacement. Methods: Six cadaveric specimens of the third lumbar vertebra to the proximal 1/3 part of femur were used in present study. The specimens had no structural abnormality and all the soft tissues were dissected, reserving the hip joint capsules and the ligaments of the pelvic ring and floor. Markers with black dots against white back-ground were used to mark the key points of the pelvis. Axial loadings from the proximal lumbar (simulating the two-legged stance) were applied by MTS in the gradient of 0 N to 500 N. Images of the front and lateral views were obtained using two CCD cameras. Using Image J software, we calculated the vertical displacement of S1, (the first sacral vertebrae) in the front view and the micro-angular rotation of sacroiliac joint in the lateral view by measuring the marker's movement. Results: There was good correlation between the marked points before and after deformation of the pelvis, with the average correlation coefficient being 0. 983. Based on the 768 X 576 pixels, pixel size (mm) 0. 681 5 X 0. 681 5 image,the accuracy of the displacement was about 0. 018 pixels and the comparative error could reach 1. 11‰. The load-displacement curves obtained in this study accorded well with the clinical results. The pelvic load-displacement curve exhibited approximately a linear behavior; the sacroiliac joint load-angular rotation curve in the sagittal plane exhibited a non-linear behavior. Under a vertical load of 500 N,the average vertical displacement of S1, of the pelvis was (0. 835 6 ± 0. 283 0) mm and the average micro-angular rotation of sacroiliac joint in lateral view was (0. 584 ±0. 221). Conclusion: Digital marker tracing method combined with the center-of-mass algorithm is a simple, accurate method for measurement of pelvic displacement, which can be widely used in biomechanical research.

MRI scanning is an important technique to evaluate the olfactory system, special scanning parameters could reveal the fine structures of the olfactory pathway. Olfactory cleft, olfactory bulb/tract, olfactory sulcus and olfactory center are the main targets of the scanning. Chronic rhino-sinusitis, head trauma, congenital dysplasia and neural degenerative diseases are the primary causes of the olfactory dysfunction and have particular imaging presentations respectively. Besides indicating the olfactory pathway lesions, MRI could also present the etiology and the prognosis of the olfactory disorder.
Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Olfaction Disorders ; diagnosis ; Olfactory Bulb ; Olfactory Pathways

Adrenergic beta-Agonists ; therapeutic use ; Aged ; Albuterol ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Bronchi ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Bronchodilator Agents ; therapeutic use ; Coal Mining ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Salmeterol Xinafoate ; Treatment Outcome

Adenoma ; Adult ; Ear Neoplasms ; Ear, Middle ; pathology ; Humans ; Male

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; etiology ; psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To assess prevalence and risk factors of illness within the past 2 weeks among rural residents in Menglian,under the background of essential public health service implemented generally. Methods In February 2012, the questionnaire method was employed to investigate the two-week morbidity in 2011 rural residents sampled by multistage stratified random sampling from Menglian population. Results The prevalence, that of illness within two-week among 2011 rural residents in Menglian, was 97.5‰ (95%CI 84.5‰-110.5‰) . It was lower than that of the rural region IV in China (149.6‰, <0.05) .Its age trend was the same as that of the rural region IV in China,the prevalence in 0-14 years old children,however,was higher than the counterpart in the rural region IV in China. The diseases, which two-week morbidity ranked the top five, were acute upper respiratory infection, acute gastroenteritis, hyperostosis, acute tracheobronchitis and rheumatoid arthritis. The results of multilevel logistic regression model fitted by group-level explanatory variable mountainous area, individual-level random slopes variable gender and other individual background variables indicated that there were across-level interactions between mountainous area and gender ( <0.05), the family income lower than RMB 15000 (odds ration 3.2378, 95%CI 1.9014-5.5130) and age (odds ration 1.0163, 95%CI 1.0002-1.0327) had a positive effect to two-week morbidity, and contrasting to unmarried, married had a negative effect to two-week morbidity (odds ratio 0.4727, 95%CI 0.2534-0.8819) . Conclusions Comparing with that of the rural region IV in China before implementing essential public health service, the two-week morbidity in Menglian was lower. For further elevating the health level of population, the strategies, such as intensifying material and child hygiene in the mountain area, improving sanitary conditions of low income family, and updating health consciousness in single population,would be implemented.

Objective To investigate the curative effects of curcumin(CUR)or dexamethasone (DXM)on ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)of rat lung grafts.Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided 4 groups:CUR group(CUR was administered intraperitoneally to both donors and recipients at 3 h prior to operation);DXM group(DXM was administered intraperitoneally at 30 min prior to operation);vehicle group(Animals were injected with the DMSO to both donors and recipients at 3 h prior to operation);sham group(Time-matched control animals underwent the same surgery,except that no graft was implanted).Six animals were sacrificed at different reperfusion periods of 2 h and 24 h,respectively.Oxygenation indexes(PO_2/FiO_2),lung injury scores,wet/dry ratio(W/D)and myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity in the transplanted lung were measured.Malondialdehyde(MDA), total anti-oxidative capacity(TAOC),tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-?and interleukin(IL)-6 in the transplanted lung and serum were determined.Results The levels of LPV PO_2/FiO_2 were significant- ly higher in the CUR and DXM groups than in the vehicle groups both 2 and 24 h after reperfusion,re- spectively(P

Objective To study the practicality and repeatability of B-mode ultrasonography on diagnosis and score of carotid atherosclerosis. Methods Ninety-nine B-mode ultrasonography pictures of carotid atherosclerosis were obtained from field investigation. According to the established standard(normal scored as 0, other scored as 1 - 7 by the severity), the 99 pictures were diagnosed and scored once together by three trained inexperienced members of the research team. Ten days later, these pictures were diagnosed and scored respectively, by the three members.The diagnostic results were analyzed with statistical methods to test the feasibility and repeatability of this set of diagnostic and scoring system. Results The joint diagnostic results by the three group members were regard as standard with scores 0 in 27 cases, 1 in 27 cases, 2 in 10 cases, 3 in 4 cases, 4 in 13 cases, 5 in 8 cases, 6 in 6 cases, and 7 in 4 cases. Independent diagnostic results by member A was 0 in 29 cases, 1 in 24 cases, 2 in 11 cases, 3 in 2 cases, 4 in 12 cases, 5 in 11 cases, 6 in 6 cases, and 7 in 4 cases. Independent diagnostic results by member B was 0 in 29 cases, 1 in 22 cases, 2 in 14 cases, 3 in 4 cases, 4 in 13 cases, 5 in 5 cases, 6 in 8 cases, and 7 in 4 cases. Independent diagnostic results by member C was 0 in 28 cases, 1 in 25 cases, 2 in 8 cases, 3 in 5 cases, 4 in 14 cases, 5 in 10 cases, 6 in 4 cases, and 7 in 5 cases. Comparison of the 4 diagnostic scores, the difference was not statistically significant(F = 0.019, P ＞ 0.05). Joint diagnostic results of the three members were compared with the standard and correlation coefficient were 0.977,0.987,0.932, respectively(all P ＜ 0.01 ). The correlation coefficient of diagnostic results of each member were 0.969,0.935,0.928, respectively (all P ＜0.01 ). Diagnostic results of each member were consistent with the standard and the compliance rate were 88.9% (88/99) ,90.9%(90/99) and 86.9%(86/99), respectively. Conclusions B-mode ultrasonography is a non-injure method for diagnosis of carotid atherosclerosis in epidemiology investigation. The method is easy to grasp and has a good repeatability.