Objective: To study 24-hour blood pressure variability (BPV) in essential hypertensives(EH) and to observe the effects of enalapril on BPV in the patients. Methods: BPV were evaluated in 132 EH patients (EH Ⅰ-Ⅱ group 90, EH Ⅲ group 42) using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and compared with 60 normal controls.45 EH Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients were treated with enalapril for 4 weeks by randomized single-blind study.The BPV were measured before and after treatment. Results: The SBPV and MAPV during 24-hour period, daytime or nighttime were significantly higher both EH Ⅰ-Ⅱ and EH Ⅲ than control group ( P 0.05).Conclusion:There was a significant increase in BPV(especially in SBPV) and in particular EH Ⅲ group than control group There was no effect in BPV with EH Ⅰ-Ⅱ group by enalapril treatment for 4 weeks.

0.05). Conclusions Autop-hagy/lysosomal pathway was activated immediately after recurrent seizures as indicated by the elevated expression of Beclin1 in cerebral cortex. 3-MA was involved in the regulation of autophagy/lysosomal pathway by down-regulating the expression of Beclin1.

BACKGROUND: Focal ischemic model made by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) is much similar to the process of onset in human cere bral infarction, whereas in the process of modeling some problems such as selection of nylon strand with improper diameter and inserted depth would result in modeling failure. OBJECTIVE: To improve MCAO model of focal cerebral infarction. DESIGN: Single-factor design, animal experiment. SETTING: Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Maternal and Children's Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College. MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Center of Guangdong Province from January. 2002 to March 2004. A total of 24 healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group and model group with 10 rats in each group.METHODS: In rats of the model group, the common carotid artery (CCA) and external carotid artery (ECA) were isolated and ligated. A strand was inserted via the incision on CCA near the furcation between CCA and ECA as deep as possible with the depth of (2.0±0.2) mm. The diameter of nylon strand was 0.2 mm, the top of nylon strand was treated by melting paraffin. The interrupted time of blood circulation was 3 hours. Rats in the sham-operation group were treated by slightly drawing back the nylon strand to the CCA immediately after inserting.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Neurobehavioral rating: It was conducted at 3 and 12 hours after ischemia with the score ranged 0-4 points.The higher the score was, the severer the neural functional deficit was, 1-3 points signified successful modeling. ②Area of cerebral infarction: Rats wereexecuted at 12 hours after ischemia. Then, brains were quickly removed and stained with tetrazolium chloride (TTC). The percentage of cerebral infarction area was calculated. ③Observation on pathological changes under light microscope.RESULTS: All of 20 rats entered the final analysis.①Eight out of 10 rats in the model group represented contra lateral tumble or draw outward circles, positive Homer's syndrome can be seen in the ligated side (3 points);One rat was disable to completely extend the claws in the contra lateral side of ligation (1 point), one rat had no neural symptoms.②Some pathological changes can be seen in the model group such as swelled cerebral tissues in the ligated side, which were bigger than the contra lateral side and were in pale; The cortex, basal ganglia and thalamus in the ligated side after TTC staining were in pale, whereas the cerebral tissues in the sham-operation group were in red with clear border.③There was no infarct in the sham-operation group, and the percentage of cerebral infarction area in the model group was (22.40±4.52)%, the infarct area of rats in groups were fundamentally same.CONCLUSION: It is necessary to adapt the strand with appropriate diameter, inserted depth and interrupting time for successful modeling.

Mouse AtlasTM cDNA Arrays were used for comparative studies of gene expression in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) before and after in vitro cultivation and 24 types of differentially expressed genes were identified. To screen and identify the differentially expressed new genes of MEF, cDNA suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique was used. The cDNAs derived from cultured MEF after SSH were subcloned into pGEM T easy vectors to set up the subtractive library, transfected into E. coli strain JM109, sequenced and analyzed with bio informatics methods after PCR amplification.Altogether 42 types differentially expressed genes and 3 novel ESTs were identified and categorized from total 128 ESTs derived from cultured MEF after SSH. It is suggested that the genes expressed by MEF were the important molecular basis supporting the survival, proliferation and self renewal capacities of embryonic stem cells.

Objective To compare differential diagnostic value of narrow-band imaging (NBI) magnifying endoscopy and magnifying chromoendoscopy.Methods A total of 92 lesions from 75 patients were examined with conventional colonoscopy,NBI magnifying endoscopy and magnifying chromoendoscopy to evaluate pit patterns and vascular morphology patterns.Endoscopic findings were compared with the pathological results.Results The detection rate of conventional endoscopy,NBI magnifying endoscopy and magnifying chromoendoscopy were 94.6％ (87/92),97.8％ (90/92) and 100.0％ (92/92),respectively.NBI magnifying endoscopy was superior to the magnifying chromoendoscopy (P =0.000) in the the lesion contour and microvessels pattern detection,but there was no difference in the pit patterns detected with the two techniques (P =0.394).Consistency,sensitivity,and specificity of NBI magnifying endoscopy in diagnosis of colorectal neoplastic lesions were 91.3％ (84/92),83.9％ (26/31),95.1％ (58/61),respectively,while these variables of magnifying chromoendoscopy were 89.1％ (82/92),80.6％ (25/31),93.4％(57/61),which were not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Differential diagnostic value of NBI magnifying endoscopy and magnifying chromoendoscopy for colorectal neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions was similar,but NBI magnifying endoscopy displays the lesion contours and microvessels clearlier,and is easy to manipulate.

Objective: To observe the effect of acupuncture on serum peptide YY (PYY) and nesfatin-1 in obese patients with insulin resistance. Methods: Ninety-eight obese patients with insulin resistance were divided into a control group and an observation group by the random number table method, with 49 cases in each group. The control group received exercise and dietary interventions, and the observation group received additional acupuncture treatment to the exercise and dietary interventions. The body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, fasting insulin (FINS), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and serum PYY and nesfatin-1 levels were compared before and after treatment. The efficacy was evaluated after treatment. Results: The total effective rate was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the BMI, body fat percentage, and serum TG and TC levels decreased significantly in both groups (P<0.05), and were significantly lower in the observation group than those in the control group (P<0.05). The FINS, FPG, HOMA-IR, and serum PYY and nesfatin-1 levels of the control group were not significantly changed after treatment (P>0.05). The FINS, FPG and HOMA-IR of the observation group decreased significantly after treatment (P<0.05), and were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The serum PYY and nesfatin-1 levels of the observation group increased significantly after treatment (P<0.05), and were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on exercise and dietary interventions, acupuncture is effective for obese patients with insulin resistance. It can reduce the BMI, body fat percentage, blood lipids, blood glucose, and serum insulin levels and improve insulin resistance. The action may be associated with the up-regulation of serum PYY and nesfatin-1.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the effect of Chinese herbs used by Prof. LI Tao on peripheral blood T subsets in treating multiple sclerosis (MS) by using association rules and statistical methods, thereby providing evidence for optimizing prescriptions.

METHODSData of MS inpatients and outpatients recorded by data collecting system, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences were resorted. The relationship between Chinese herbs and T cell subsets were analyzed using SPSS17.0 and Aprior module in SPSS Clementine 12.0.

RESULTSRadix bupleuri, Radix Paeoniae alba, Fructus Aurantii, Atractylodes, and Radix Glycyrrhizae were most commonly used herbal combinations.Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata and Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae were often added. Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata was associated with decreased Th1 cells (confidence level 83.78%, supportive level 36.26%). Decreased Th1 cell was associated with Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata (confidence level 71.26%, supportive level 36.26%).Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata was obviously associated with decreased Th1 cells. Radix Bupleuri, Radix Paeoniae alba, bitter orange, Atractylodes , Radix glycyrrhizae, and Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata could reduce peripheral blood Th1 subsets of MS patients and elevate Th2 subsets (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe herbal combination of Radix Bupleuri, Radix Paeoniae alba, Fructus Aurantii, Atractylodes, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae, and Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata could lower peripheral blood Th1 cells and elevate Th2 cells, and prevent the relapse of MS possibly by reducing Th1 cells and elevating Th2 cells. Especially Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata played important roles in aforesaid changes of Th1 and Th2.

Aconitum ; chemistry ; Atractylodes ; chemistry ; Bupleurum ; chemistry ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis ; therapy ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Smilacaceae ; chemistry ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; drug effects

Objective To evaluate the safety of helical tomotherapy (HT) for hepatocellular carcinoma confined to the liver,and to investigate the efficacy of HT by comparison with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT).Methods In June 2011,hypofractionated HT was performed in 35 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma confined to the liver who had no distant metastasis or tumor thrombosis.The dose in each fraction increased from 2.4 Gy to 5.0 Gy with a median dose of 3.2 Gy.The median dose for the total treatment was 50.0 Gy.Within the same period,45 patients received conventionally fractionated 3DCRT with a median dose of 54.0 Gy.The adverse reactions,clinical outcomes,and survival time were compared between the two groups.The survival rate was calculated with Kaplan-Meier method,and log-rank test was used to estimate statistical significance of survival differences.Multivariate analysis of survival was carried out with Cox' s regression model.Results There were no significant differences in adversc reactions between the two groups.The objective response rate was significantly higher in the HT group than in the 3DCRT group (60％ vs.33％,P=0.024).There was no significant difference in the disease control rate between the two groups (94％ vs.89％,P=0.459).The HT group showed significantly higher 1-,2-,and 3-year overall survival rates than the 3DCRT group (97％ vs.80％,P=0.025;81％ vs.55％,P =0.008;67％ vs.50％,P =0.048).The multivariate analysis indicated that tumor smaller than 8 cm,transarterial chemoembolization before radiotherapy,and HT were associated with improved survival (P=0.005;P =0.000;P=0.002).Conclusions HT shows an advantage in precise treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma confined to the liver.With acceptable toxicity,hypofractionated HT shortens the treatment duration and improves the survival in patients.

Objective To evaluate the effects of external substance P (SP) on scalding wound healing and neovascularization.Methods Eighty-four Wistar rats were induced into diabetic models by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and deep partial thickness scalding wound on the back with diameter of 2 cm was prepared. Rats were randomly divided into experiment group (n=42, local injection of SP) and control group (n=42, local injection of PBS). The process of wound healing was observed, and the percentages of wound closure were calculated on D0, D1, D3, D7, D10, D14, D21 post scald. The expression of CD31, surface marker of neovascular endothelial cells, was detected within the wound sites by immunohistochemical staining, and the microvessel density was calculated. Results The percentage of wound closure in experiment group was significantly higher than that in control group on D7 post scald [(42.69±3.26) % vs (30.24±1.17)%, P<0.01]. Immunohistochemical detection revealed that the expression of CD31 and the microvessel density in experiment group were significantly higher than those in control group from D7 post scald (P<0.01). ConclusionExternal SP may promote scalding wound healing in diabetic rats, the mechanism of which may be associated with upregulation of expression of CD31 and acceleration of neovascularization.

Objective To investigate the effect-site concentration for 50% of maximal effect (EC50 )of propofol required for loss of consciousness and onset of burst suppression and to assess the effect of target-control infusion(TCI)of remifentanil on these EC50 of propofol.Methods Sixty patients undergoning general anesthesia for scheduled surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=30):group R received TCI of remifentanil with a target concentraton of 4 ng/ml 10 minutes before TCI of propofol,which started at a target plasma concentration of 1μg/ml and then increased by 1μg/ml step every 1 minute until the burst suppression ratio reach to 15%.Group N received a mock TCI of saline instead of remifentanil and the other procedures were as same as group R.During this,all patients were assessed by modified Observ-er’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (OAA/S)scale,the loss of consciousness was definited by modified OAA/S values less than 2,the onset of burst suppression was definited by 15% of burst suppression ratio. Results The EC50 of effect-site concentration of propofol required for loss of consciousness and onset of burst suppression were 2.35 (95%CI 2.29-2.41)and 6.31 (95%CI 6.13-6.47)μg/ml respectively.The EC50 of propofol required for loss of consciousness was decreased to 1.73μg/ml by TCI of remifentanil,but the EC50 of propofol required for onset of burst suppression did not changed by TCI of remifentanil. Conclusion TCI of remifentanil could decrease the EC50 of propofol effect-site concentration required for loss of consciousness but has no effect on the EC50 of propofol required for onset of burst suppression.