Estimation of postmortem interval(PMI) by ocular tissues has been a new top subject in the forensic research and practice ifelds. A lot of research results showed that the changes of cornea, retina, vitreous humor and aqueous humor and so on exist a high linear correlation with PMI, which can be used to estimate PMI. This paper reviewed recent progress of study on them.

Objective To evaluate the potential activity ofSaccharomyces boulardii as an adjuvant to triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection,so as to forecast the probable effectiveness of Saccharomyces boulardii in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori and the adverse reaction.Methods A total of 120 patients who received gastroscopy and tested positive for Helicobacter pylori infection were divided into standard triple therapy group and Saccharomyces boulardii group with 60 cases each by random digits table method.Patients were randomized to receive one week standard triple therapy,supplemented with Saccharomyces boulardii in Saccharomyces boulardii group.Saccharomyces boulardii was taken 500 mg per day for one week.All adverse reactions were recorded during the treatment period.13C or 14C urea breath test was performed at four weeks after the end of triple therapy to evaluate the situation of Helicobacter pylori eradication.Results Helicobacter pylori eradication rate in Saccharomyces boulardii group was higher than that in standard triple therapy group [80.00％ (48/60) vs.73.33％ (44/60)],but there was no significant difference (P =0.542).Five adverse reactions including epigastric discomfort,nausea,diarrhea,taste disorder and liver injury were recorded during the treatment period.The incidence of adverse reactions such as epigastric discomfort and diarrhea in Saccharomyces boulardii group was significantly lower than that in standard triple therapy group [13.33％ (8/60)vs.43.33％(26/60),3.33％(2/60) vs.26.67％(16/60)],and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Saccharomyces boulardii as an adjuvant to triple therapy can not improve Helicobacter pylori eradication rate,but can decrease the incidence of adverse reactions during the treatment period and improve the complicance of Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment.

In this paper, the question about automatic brightness control for x-ray imaging systems based on CCD camera is discussed, and the structure and principle of an auto brightness control loop are analyzed along with the working procedure of the x-ray imaging system. A kind of digital brightness controller about a typical device and the designing idea of the computer brightness intelligent control software is introduced.
Algorithms ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Radiation Protection ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; instrumentation ; Radiography ; instrumentation ; X-Ray Intensifying Screens

Objective To compare the clinical effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) in the treatment of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods The retrospective cohort study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 156 patients with local advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who were admitted to the Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from January 1,2010 to December 31,2015 were collected.Among 156 patients,59 undergoing nCRT were allocated into the nCRT group and 97 undergoing nCT were allocated into the nCT group.Patients in the nCRT group and nCT group respectively received 2 cycles chemotherapy by the TP regimen+40 Gy radiotherapy (2 Gy/d) and 2 cycles chemotherapy by the TP regimen.Patients were evaluated by imaging examinations after 6 weeks neoadjuvant therapy completion,and then underwent abdominal and right chest-left cervico three-incision thoracoscopic surgery.Observation indicators:(1) treatment situations;(2) postoperative pathological examination;(3) follow-up and survival situations.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed once every 3 months within 2 years and once every 6 months after 3 years up to January 2017.Follow-up included levels of tumor markers [carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and SCC-Ag],thoracic or abdominal computed tomography (CT),neck and abdominal ultrasonography and gastroscopy or PET/CT examination if necessary.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (x)±s and comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range) and comparison between groups was analyzed using the nonparametric test.Count data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability.Comparison of ordinal data was done by the nonparametric test.The survival rate was calculated using the life table method and survival was analyzed by the Log-rank test.Results (1) Treatment situations:all the patients in the 2 groups were able to burden neoadjuvant therapy and thoracic esophagectomy.Six patients in the nCRT group and 15 in the nCT group had conversion to open surgery.Operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,cases with postoperative readmission of ICU,cases with complications,cases with perioperative death and duration of hospital stay were (201 ± 25) minutes,(137± 66)mL,5,24 (10 with pulmonary complications,8 with anastomotic leakage,3 with hoarseness,2 with cardiovascular complications and 1 with chylopleura),0,12 days (range,9-93 days) in the nCRT group and (195±20) minutes,(133±58) mL,8,30 (11 with anastomotic leakage,10 with pulmonmy complications,4 with hoarseness,2 with cardiovascular complications,1 with postoperative hemorrhage,1 with delayed gastric emptying and 1 with chylopleura),1,11 days (range,9-78 days) in the nCT group,respectively,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =0.883,t =0.102,0.692,x2 =0.048,1.541,Z =0.225,P＞ 0.05).(2) Postoperative pathological examination:R0 resection rate was 96.6％ in the nCRT group and 93.8％ in the nCT group,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =0.589,P＞0.05).Results of postoperative pathological examination showed that G0,G1,G2 and G3 of tumor regression grade were respectively detected in 18,16,7,18 patients in the nCRT group and 4,5,4,84 patients in the nCT group,with a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (Z=-7.151,P＜0.05).Stage 0,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,ⅢA,Ⅲ B and ⅣA of postoperative ypTNM stage were respectively detected in 16,9,23,4,6,1 patients in the nCRT group and 4,9,37,6,34,7 in the nCT group,with a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (Z=-4.890,P＜0.05).The down-staging was detected in 48 patients of the nCRT group and 50 patients of the nCT group,with a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (x2=13.957,P＜0.05).(3) Follow-up and survival situations:of 156 patients,153 were followed up for 12-82 months,with a median time of 36 months.The 1-,3-,5-year overall survival rates were 88.1％,61.4％,34.9％ in the nCRT group and 81.4％,43.8％,23.1％ in the nCT group,with a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (x2=4.336,P＜0.05).Conclusion The nCRT in the treatment of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma can enhance postoperative pathological response rate,down-staging rate and overall survival rate compared with nCT,without increasing incidence of perioperative complications.

AIM To establish an HPLC-ELSD method for the simultaneous content determination of gastrodin,parishin A,parishin B,ginsenosides Rg1,Re,Rf,Rb1 and Rd in Tiantai No.1 Tablets (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Gastrodiae Rhizoma,Cistanches Herba,etc.).METHODS The analysis of methanol extract of this drug was performed on a 45 ℃C thermostatic Alltima C1scolumn (4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrie-0.1％ phosphoric acid flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner.RESULTS Eight constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r ＞ 0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 96.94％-97.93％ with the RSDs of 1.06％-2.48％.CONCLUSION This simple,accurate and reliable method can be used for the quality control of Tiantai No.1 Tablets.

Objective To discuss the diagnostic value of peritoneal effusion detection by emergency-ultrasound in patients with closed abdominal injury. Method From August 2006 to June 2009,212 patients with closed abdominal injury were studied to evaluate peritoneal effusion detection by emergency ultrasound. Results of 212 patients,peritoneal effusion frequency rate was 78.8%( 167/212), meanwhile,abdominal paracentesis confirmation ratio was only 46.2%(98/212). In the follow-up, 13 patients with injuried hollow viscera and 1 patient with rupture of kidney showed peritoneal effusion. The volume of abdominal fluid was increasing in 17 patients,which needed to be managed by surgery. The accuracy rates were respectively 78.3%( 112/143) and 36.1%(13/36) in the solid organs and the hollow organs. Conclusion During the course of diagnosis and treatment in closed abdominal injury,peritoneal effusion monitoring by ultrasound should be used routinely, which can help to decrease the rate of misdiagnosis and avoid delayed treatment.

High-throughput metabolomics have developed very rapidly in recent years and been widely used in medicinal plants research .At present ,high-throughput metabolomics mainly applied in the following areas ,quality control of medicinal plants by fingerprints ,metabolites difference comparison before and after genetic engineering ,monitoring metabolites change in different environment and gene function study .High-throughput metabolomics have a great future ,but still have some challen-ges ,such as the requirements for more sophisticated equipment and complexity of data integration .With the advancement of science and technology ,high-throughput metabolomics will be an irreplaceable tool for the research of medicinal plants .

Abstract: Objective To compare the diagnostic efficacy of the upgraded version of the GeneXpert automated fluorescent quantitative PCR system (GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra, GeneXpert Ultra) and the original version of the GeneXpert system (GeneXpert MTB/RIF, Xpert), real-time fluorescent quantitative nucleic acid detection (FQ-PCR), real-time fluorescent thermostatic amplification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA (SAT-RNA), real-time fluorescent thermostatic amplification detection of DNA (thermostatic amplification method) and traditional BACTEC MGIT 960 liquid culture (culture method) for special specimens of tuberculosis, in order to analyze its application value in clinical detection. Methods Using prospective research methods, a total of 170 special specimens (including 47 pleural and ascites effusion samples, and 34 24-hour urinary sediment specimens, 49 tissue specimens and 40 fester specimens) were collected i'an Chest Hospital from January to September 2021. GeneXpert Ultra, Xpert, FQ-PCR, SAT-RNA, isothermal amplification, and traditional culture were used for detection. Clinical diagnosis was used as the standard, and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, coincidence rate, and Kappa value were compared among the methods. Results The sensitivities of GeneXpert Ultra, Xpert, FQ-PCR, SAT-RNA, isothermal amplification, and traditional culture were 65.18% (73/112), 49.11% (55/112), 37.50% (42/112), 19.64% (22/112), 8.04% (9/112), and 22.32% (25/112), respectively. The sensitivity of GeneXpert Ultra was higher than that of the other five methods, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=66.25, 42.10, 28.89, 13.09, 4.92, 15.18, all P<0.05). GeneXpert Ultra result analysis showed that: 5.48%(4/73) cases had trace, that is, trace Mycobacterium tuberculosis load, 79.45% (58/73) cases were extremely low, 10.96% (8/73) cases were low, 2.74% (2/73) were medium, , and 1.36% (1/73) were high load. In 4 trace samples, the Xpert detection was negative for all. Of the 73 GeneXpert Ultra positive reports, 63 were rifampicin-sensitive, 6 were rifampicin-resistant, and 4 were rifampicin-resistant but of unclear resistance. Of the 55 Xpert positive reports, 45 were rifampicin-sensitive, 2 were rifampicin-resistant, and 8 were rifampicinresistant but of unclear resistance.. Conclusions The new generation of GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra has high sensitivity, specificity and drug resistance detection rate, and its advantage is even more apparent in the pathogenic diagnosis of special specimens of tuberculosis. It can be used as one of the preferred methods in samples with low bacterial load.

OBJECTIVETo study the expression change of interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene in the basilar artery of rabbit and the effect of IL-8 on the development of cerebral vasospasm induced by experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

METHODSThirty five healthy Japanese White Rabbits were randomly divided into saline-control group and experimental group. The experimental group was subdivided into four groups, representing day 1, 4, 7 and 14 after the first blood injection of SAH. The delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCVS) model was established by double injection of autologous blood into the cisterna magna. The expression change of cytokine IL-8 mRNA in the basilar artery was analyzed by RTPCR.

RESULTSThe expression of IL-8 gene increased on day 4-7 after the first blood injection of SAH compared with control (P< 0.001), and decreased to normal on day 14. The expression of IL-8 gene in the SAH groups were positively correlated with the degree of basilar artery stenosis (r = 0.642, P< 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe expression level of IL-8 gene in basilar arteries was intimately associated with the degree of cerebral vasospasm, suggesting that IL-8 may play an important role in the DCVS after SAH as an immunological inflammatory factor.

Animals ; Basilar Artery ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Expression Regulation ; physiology ; Interleukin-8 ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; Rabbits ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; metabolism ; pathology ; Time Factors

To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of Hand-Foot-and-Mouth disease (HFMD) in Shanghai in 2009, epidemiological data was retrieved from the National Notifiable Disease Report System (NNDRS). Nucleic acid of enterovirus (EV) was detected by real-time RT-PCR from 799 HFMD cases from 15 districts/counties in Shanghai; the complete sequences of VP1 encoding region of several identified EV71 strains and sequences of VP4 encoding region of several untyped EV were determined and analyzed. Analysis and summary of the epidemiological data was conducted with Microsoft Excel, and sequence analyses were conducted with both BioEdit and MEGA software. Untyped EV was identified through comparing the VP4 sequence to sequence database using BLAST online service. It was showed that all the 18 districts/counties had reported HFMD cases; children less than 6 years old were the most susceptible population group; the peak of epidemics of HFMD was from April to July; EV71 and Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) were the major pathogens for this epidemic, but the constituent ratio of EV71 and CA16 was different in different months and regions; CA16 infection was mainly responsible for the mild HFMD, but EV71 for most of the severe cases; EV71 strains of Shanghai were clustered with representatives of subgenotype C4a and showed the highest identity to them, based on the sequence analyses of VP1 encoding region; 2 of the untyped EV were identified as CA2 and CA10 respectively. All the results indicated that EV71 and CA16 were the major pathogens for the epidemic of HFMD in Shanghai, 2009; the circulating EV71 belonged to subgenotype C4a. Besides, other types of EV (for example: CA2 and CA10) were also responsible for a few of the HFMD cases.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Enterovirus A, Human ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Epidemics ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny