Objective To analyze the incidence,severity and morphologic characteristics of anemia in patients with malignant tumors.Methods Five hundred and thirty hospitalized patients with a primary diagnosis of tumor were enrolled in this study at our hospital from Jan.2009 to Mar.2011.Their hemoglobin (Hb) levels,age,sex,and type of tumor were recorded.Anemia was diagnosed to be present when their Hb on admission was less than 110 g/L Results There were 111 in the 530 patients (20.94％) had anemia on admission.Anemia was seen in 35.3％ of patients with digestive system cancer,in 19.4％ with gynecologic cancers,in 18.3％ withlung cancers,in 6.8％ with urinogenital cancers and 1.8％ with breast cancers.The difference of incidence of anemia in different types of cancers was statistically significant ( x2=44.9785,P ＜ 0.01 ).Grade Ⅰ and Ⅱanemia accounted for 15.66％ ; and grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ accounted for 5.28％ of all.There was no significant difference of incidence of anemia between male and female [ 22.36％ ( 72/322 ) vs.18.75％ ( 39/208 ),x2 =1.0020,P ＞ 0.05 ].The more severe the anemia was,the smaller the erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume was.The rate of anemia was 2.08％ when patients were discharged,and 5.66％ were intervened.Conclusion The incidence of anemia was high in patients hospitalized with tumor,but only a small percent got enough medical care.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; complications ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; complications ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged

Adolescent ; CD3 Complex ; blood ; CD4 Antigens ; blood ; CD8 Antigens ; blood ; Child ; Fetal Blood ; immunology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Interleukin-8 ; blood ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis

BACKGROUND: How to deal with bone defect is a big problem to surgeons. In recent years, the development in the technology of molecular biology and tissue engineering provides broad prospect for the clinical treatment of bone defect, which is one of the important study directions in department of orthopedics. The transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1),one of the important factors in bone formation, plays an important role in bone metabolism and recovery.OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effects of bone defects with osteoblasts transfected . By TGF-β1 combining with biomimetic biodegradable polymer scaffolds.DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: Siderophilin, trypsin, 3H-proline and sirius red, etc.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from March to August in 2003. Twenty healthy adult Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats of SPF grade, weighing 200-250 g, were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Tongji Medical College.METHODS: The osteoblasts transfected by TGF-β1 gene, combining with poly-DL-lactic acid scaffolds modified with poly-L-lysine, were transplanted into rat tibia defect. Radiographs and histological analysis were performed to evaluate the repair effects.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The X-ray evaluation and histology observation were performed at the 4th and 8th weeks after the operation.RESULTS: Totally 20 SD rats were included in result analysis without one rat missing. ①In the experiment group, X-ray image indicated callus formation, while histology observation showed osteoid tissue and new bone formation, and osteoblasts attached to the surface of the materials after 4 weeks. Eight weeks later, the defect was essentially repaired, and the bone density of new bone was similar to that of the autogenous bone. ②In the control group, there was no formation of callus and osteoid tissue, and few osteoblasts attached to the surface of the materials, and a lot of lymphocytes infiltrated and blood capillary grew in the lacune of materials after 4 weeks. Eight weeks later, the imbedded materials were substituted mostly by fibrous tissue.CONCLUSION: The ideal repair effect of bone defect can be obtained through the combination of molecular biology with tissue engineering.

It was introduced in this paper the concrete measures of medical humanistic education which is in harmony with the teaching of human parasitology. The necessity of humanistic education for the medical students in the present age and the feasibility of humanistic education in basic medical education were discussed according to the feedback on the survey of the medical students. This study aimed to explore an ideal teaching model for medical humanistic education and comprehensively improve the humanistic accomplishment in medical students.

Objective: To study the pharmacokinetic effect of three active markers, baicalin (BC), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) in plasma of rats after iv administration of Tanreqing Injection (TI) in various compatibilities, which contained scutellaria extraction (SE), bear gall powder extraction (BE), Cornu caprae hircus extraction (CE) and Lonicerae Flos extraction (FE), including SE, BE, SE-BE (SE and BE), SE-CE (SE and CE), SE-BE-CE (SE, BE and CE), and SE-BE-CE-FE (SE, BE, CE, and FE):. To discuss the rationality of TI compatibility, the effects of TI in various compatibilities on the pharmacokinetics of BC, UDCA, and CDCA in plasma of rats were investigated. Methods: Thirty-six experimental rats were randomly divided into six groups, and treated with SE, BE, SE-BE, SE-CE, SE-BE-CE, and SE-BE-CE-FE. After the simultaneous extraction of the three major bioactive components in plasma of rats, the concentration of BC was determined using LC-UV method, and UDCA as well as CDCA was determined using LC-MS method. The experimental data were analyzed by WinNonlin 6.3 software and the pharmacokinetic parameters of BC, UDCA, and CDCA in these recipes were evaluated. Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters of UDCA and CDCA did not change after iv administration of TI in various compatibilities. However, the TI in various compatibilities increased the AUC of BC after iv administration. The change degrees were SE < SE-CE < SE-BE-CE < SE-BE-CE-FE but with no statistical significance. The pharmacokinetic parameters of UDCA and CDCA did not obviously change, which indicated that the different compatibilities did not change the pharmacokinetic behavior of UDCA and CDCA. Conclusion: TI in various compatibelities could increase the exposure of BC following the iv administration, but could not affect the pharmacokinetic behaviors of UDCA and CDCA.

Objective To optimize the concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEG) for the growth of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) reference strains D-UW-5/Cx and E-UW-5/Cx,and to evaluate the effects of PEG on the sensitivity of Ct to 4 common antibiotics.Methods After the inoculation of Ct standard strains (D-UW-5/Cx and E-UW-5/Cx) into McCoy cell monolayer,different concentrations of PEG were added into the culture medium followed by centrifugation.After 2 hours of incubation at 37 ℃,the inoculum was removed and a complete culture medium containing 1 μg/mL cycloheximide was added followed by another 48-hour culture.Subsequently,the culture was fixed and subjected to iodine staining for the calculation of Ct inclusions and optimization of PEG for the growth of Ct.Some Ct standard strains were used to infect McCoy cells,with PEG (0.7％,wt/vol) added to the culture medium after inoculation and before centrifugation process,and when the infection rate reached higher than 90％,a microdilution method was utilized to evaluate the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 antibiotics,including azithromycin,minocyline,moxifloxacin and doxycycline.Thirty-one clinical specimens,which had been confirmed to be positive for Ct serovar D or E strain,were inoculated into McCoy cell monolayer for the passage of Ct with or without the presence of 0.7％ PEG.Results The optimal concentration of PEG was 0.7％ for the growth of Ct,and this concentration of PEG could increase the number of inclusion bodies of Ct serovar E by 3.44 folds,and that of Ct serovar D by 3.56 folds.In vitro,the MICs of the 4 antibiotics were consistent between PEG-treated and untreated Ct reference strains.Moreover,PEG notably increased the quantity of inclusion bodies of Ct serovar E or D from clinical specimens after passages.Conclusions PEG (0.7％) can enhance the growth of Ct serovar D and E,but has no obvious influence on antimicrobial susceptibility of Ct.

ObjectiveTo detect the changes of heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) during the subcultures of standard and clinical strains of Chlamydia trachomatis(Ct),and to determine if the absence of chlamydial inclusions is associated with the persistent infection of Ct.MethodsA total of 40 Ct strains isolated by cell culture from patients were included in this study and classified into 2 groups according to whether inclusions appeared after initial culture.Reverse transcription PCR was conducted to quantify the levels of HSP60 in specimens containing Ct after 1-4 subcuhures.Chi-squared test was performed to analyze the relationship between the levels of HSP60 and treatment outcomes of patients.ResultsThe levels of HSP60 in clinical specimens containing Ct serovar E were significantly higher in subcultures prior to the appearance of inclusions than in subcultures with the appearance of inclusions(P ＜ 0.05).The ratio of HSP60:16S rRNA mRNA expression after the first,second,third,fourth passage was 0.38 ± 0.06,0.39 ± 0.03,0.38 ± 0.04 and 0.39 ±0.03 respectively in 18 specimens with inclusions appearing after the initial culture,1.18 ± 0.10,0.28 ± 0.06,0.30 ± 0.03 and 0.29 ± 0.05 respectively in 12 specimens with inclusions appearing after the second culture,1.20 ± 0.04,1.20 ± 0.04,0.28 ± 0.04 and 0.28 ± 0.05 in 10 specimens with inclusions appearing after the third culture.Whether inclusions appeared after the initial culture was associated with the treatment outcome of patients.Inclusions were undetected after the initial culture in 16 of 20 specimens from patients with poor response to treatment,but observed in 14 of 20 specimens from patients who tested negative for Ct after one course of treatment.Conclusions It is implicated that no inclusions form after the initial culture in 80％ of specimens from patients experiencing treatment failure.The Ct strains whose inclusions do not form after passages may be in a persistent state,and the expression of HSP60 is high in these strains.Specimens should be subjected to at least 3 blind passages to avoid missed diagnosis of Ct infection.

Objective To test the in vitro activity of azithromycin against recent clinical isolates of urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis, and combined activity of azithromycin with moxifloxacin, rifampicin, doxycycline and minocyline. Methods When more than 90% McCoy cells were infected, the 41 strains tested were collected to investigate minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 5 antimicrobials alone. Checkerboard array was used to calculate the fractional inhibitory concentrations(FICs) and then detected the interactions among the various combinations. Results In vitro, synergism or additivity effect of 51.22%,53.66% and 58.54% strains was found in azithromycin-moxifloxacin, azithromycin-doxycycline and asithromycin-rifampicin combinations, respectively. No difference was observed in all of the combinations ( P ＞0.05). However, antagonism effect of 90.24% strains was observed in azithromycin-minocyline combination. Conclusion This study indicates that the combination of azithromycin with moxifloxacin, doxycycline or rifampicin is more effective against Chlamydia trachomatis than individual antimicrobials. Therefore, these antimicrobials combinations might be recommended against Chlamydia trachomatis recurrent or persisitent infection. However, the combination of azithromycin with minocyline exhibited a markedly antagonism activity against Chlamydia trachomatis. Combined sensitivity test to a certain extent can compensate for some shortcomings of individual susceptibility test.

Objective To test the in vitro acitivity of azithromycin, minocyline, moxifloxacin, doxycycline and rifampicin alone or in combination against three standard strains of urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis,i.e. D-UW-5/Cx, E-UW-5/Cx and G-UW-5/Cx. Methods Three standard strains of C. trachomatis were inoculated into McCoy cells, and used to susceptibility testing after more than 90% McCoy cells were infected.Microdilution method was applied to determine the activity of the 5 antimicrobial agents alone, and checkerboard array to determine that in combination. Results The in vitro minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs)were 0.25 mg/L for azithromycin, 0.06 mg/L for moxifloxacin, 0.063 - 0.25 mg/L for doxycycline, 0.032 -0.064 mg/L for minocyline, 0.008 mg/L for rifampicin. And, the fractional inhibitory concentration index was constantly 0.75 for the combination of azithromycin with moxifloxacin, doxycycline and rifampicin, 2.5, 2.83and 4 for the combination of minocyline with azithromycin, moxilloxacin and rifampicin, respectively. Conclusions As far as the activity against C. trachomatis is concerned, there is a synergism for the combination of azithromycin with moxifloxacin, doxycycline and rifampicin, but antagonism for the combination of minocyline with azithromycin, moxifloxacin and rifampicin.