OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of New cervicography by comparing cervicographic finding with Papanicolaou smear and result of colposcopically directed biopsy. METHODS: This study group consisted of 189 patients who visited the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung-Ang University Pildong Hospital from September 1998 to August 1999. All women simultaneously underwent Papanicolaou smear and New cervicography. If either method was positive, the patient was referred for colposcopically directed biopsy. RESULTS: The New cervicography was significantly more sensitive than the Papanicolaou smear(92.2% vs 60.8%, p<0.01), whereas the Papanicolaou smear was significantly more specific than the New cervicography(99.3% vs 75.0%, p<0.05). The false positive rate of New cervicography was 75%, significantly higher than 0.7% of Papanicolaou smear. There was no significant difference between the negative predictive value of cervicography and Papanicolaou smear. When New cervicography and Papanicolaou smear were used together, the sensitivity was significantly higher than Papanicolaou smear used alone(98.1% vs 60.8%, p<0.01) and false negative rate was significantly lower than Papanicolaou smear(1.9% vs 39.2%, p<0.01). However the specificity, positive predictive value of the combined test were lower than Papanicolaou smear. CONCLUSION: Cervicography is one of the Papanicolaou smear adjunctive tests and a useful method to detect cervical cancer. Our study confirms the previously suspected low sensitivity of Papanicolaou smear and demonstrate that cervicography is more sensitive than Papanicolaou smear and less specific. From the above results, when New cervicography and Papanicolaou smear were used together, the detection rate of cervical cancer will be increased more easily since the cases missed by one method may be picked up by another.
Biopsy ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Obstetrics ; Papanicolaou Test ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Outpatients* ; Silicon Dioxide*

PURPOSE: In adriamycin(ADR)-induced cardiomyopathy, several different mechanisms are suggested. However, little information is available regarding the role of apoptosis. In the present study, we examined the induction of apoptosis on ADR treatment and anti-apoptotic effects of probucol, a lipid-lowering drug, and we also studied the changes of bcl-2 expression in order to see the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of probucol. METHODS: Cardiac myocytes were isolated from 3-day-old rats, and cultured in low(1 pM) or high doses(10pM) of ADR for 24 hours. Probucol(50 pM) was added 30 minutes before ADR administration. Apoptosis was determined by TUNEL staining, and bcl-2 expression was estimated by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: The number of TUNEL-positive cells significantly increased in both groups treated with ADR. However, anti-apoptotic effect of probucol was evident only in low dose. In addition, the expression of bcl-2 was significantly increased only in the low-dose ADR treatment group and its expression was inhibited by pretreatment of probucol. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that apoptosis might play an important role in ADR-induced cardiotoxicity, and ADR-induced apoptosis was partially prevented by pretreatment of probucol. And ADR-induced apoptosis was not related with depression of bcl-2. Additionally, inhibition of bcl-2 gene expression of low-dose ADR treatment group by probucol suggests that another cell survival mechanism could be implicated in the action of probucol. (J Korean Pediatr Soc 2000;43:746-754)
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Cardiomyopathies ; Cell Survival ; Depression ; Doxorubicin ; Genes, bcl-2 ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Myocytes, Cardiac* ; Probucol* ; Rats*

It is often difficult to achieve bony union and eradicate infection in treating infected non-unions of the fractured long bones. Authors carried out a clinical analysis of the 35 infected non-union cases, all aged 21 years or older, treated and followed for 6 months to 6 years from July 1979 to July 1988 in order to determine the possible factors which might influence the time required for attaining union. The results were as follows: l. In 22 of the 35 infected non-unions, the primary fracture site was open (62.9%). The remaining 13 cases (37.1% ) were the closed fractures associated with postoperative infection. 2. The sites of infected non-union were tibia in 19 (54.3%), femur in 13 (37.1%), and upper extremity in 3 (8.6%) cases. Tibia was more often involved in open fractures (63.6%). Femur, on the other hand, was more involved in closed fractures (61.5%). 3. After an average of 3.3 times of bony procedures, primary fixation was left in place in 15 (42.9%), external fixation was required in 11 (31.4%), and internal fixation was performed in 9 (25.7%). Bone graft was performed in 26 cases (74.3%). 4. Time required for achieving union was 7.1 month with stable primary fixation and 21.7 months with unstable primary fixation. Femur and tibia united at 10.5 (mean; ranged from 4 to 29) and 7.0 (mean; ranged from 3 to 19) months, respectively. 5. Bony union was delayed as the number of prior surgical procedures before successful treatment increased; the time for union was significantly shorter when either stable primary fixation or external fixation was combined with bone grafting. 6. Firmer bony union was achieved after performing Osteoperiosteal decortication with autogenous cancellous bone graft even in the presence of remaining infection at the non-union site.
Bone Transplantation ; Femur ; Fractures, Closed ; Fractures, Open ; Hand ; Tibia ; Transplants ; Upper Extremity

No abstract available.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Gonadotropins*

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Chorionic Gonadotropin* ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Gonadotropins* ; Humans* ; Progesterone* ; Superovulation*

No abstract available.
Fertilization in Vitro* ; Superovulation*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Hepatitis A* ; Hepatitis* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR*

No abstract available.
Constriction, Pathologic*