No abstract available.
Chinchilla* ; Vestibular Nerve* ; Vestibular Nuclei*

Maffuccis syndrome was first reported by Maffucci, an Italian, in 1881. It is manifested by unilateral multiple hemangiomas and enchondromas. It is congenital but is not hereditary. We encountered a case of this rare syndrome, with which bleeding tendency was combined. All who have multiple hemangioma on his unilateral side of the body should be checked with bone X-rays to rule out this syndrome. This syndrome is noted for transformation to malignant tumors. When there is pain or enlargenent of the tumor without any significant trauma, biopsy is in order. There can develop bleeding tendency due to microangiopathic coagulopathy which is associated with throm-bocytopenia and hypofibrinogenemia.
Biopsy ; Chondroma ; Hemangioma ; Hemorrhage

No abstract available.
Brain Death* ; Brain*

In order to determine the beneficial or detrimental effects of motion on fracture healing, rabbits femora were fractured surgically and each fracture was immobilized with a apecially designed external skeletal flxation device, which permitted a controlled spontaneous angulatory motion. in the first control group no motion was permitted; in the second group 5 degrees, and in the third group 10 degrees of angulatory motion was permitted. At 7th post-operative week, the bony union rates were 79%, 93%, and 54% In the first, second and third groups, respectively. Radiographically, the fractures were united most sufficiently in the second group. The ultimate bending load was signlficantly greater In the second group than the control but no significant differences were observed between the other groups. The ultimate bending stress and the modulus of elasticity were significantly greater ln the second group than the control and the third group, but no signlficant dlfferences were observed between the control and the third group. Fracture healing was significantly enhanced in the second group as compared to the control and the third group. It is suggested that a certain amount of motion at the fracture site enhances fracture healing, while excessive motion hinders it. Such enhancement seems to be related with the motion itself, and not wlth the muscle or jolnt function, since the rabbits Included in this study permitted the spontaneous full weight bearing which also permitted near normal muscle and joint function.
Elastic Modulus ; Fracture Healing ; Joints ; Rabbits ; Weight-Bearing

The present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between serum lipid and lipoprotein values and cerebrovascular accidents. Serum lipids and lipoproteins were measured in 130 cases of normal Korean, 49 patients with cerebrovascular accidents and 35 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The mean values of serum lipids in patients with cerebrovascular accidents were 148.3+/-75.3mg% for triglyceride, 189.6+/-37.4mg% for cholesterol, 132.5+/-55.2mg% for phospholipid and 548.8+/-106.3mg% for total lipid. 2. The mean values of serum lipoproteins in patients with cerebrovascular accidents were 255.3+/-81.6mg% for beta-lipoprotein, 118.3+/-73.7mg% for pre-beta-lipoprotein and 183.6+/-65.5mg% for alpha-lipoprotein. 3. There were no significant differences of sex and age in the mean values of serum lipids and lipoproteins in patients with cerebrovascular accidents. 4. In general the mean concentrations of serum lipids and lipoproteins, except phospholipid and alpha-lipoprotein, in patients with cerebrovascular accidents and hypertension were significantly elevated than in normal control subjects. 5. There were no significant differences in serum lipid and lipoprotein values between various types of cerebrocasculr accidents. 6. The change of serum lipid and lipoprotein values had a decreasing tendency till one month after onset, thereafter the values became similar to to\hose of early period of illness. 7. The incidence of hyperlipoproteinemia in patients with cerebrovascular accidents was 64%, and the most frequent type of hyperlipoproteinemia was Type IIa, as the frequency decreased in the order of Type IV, Type IIb and Type III.
Cholesterol ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemias ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Lipoproteins* ; Stroke* ; Triglycerides

The present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between serum lipid and lipoprotein values and cerebrovascular accidents. Serum lipids and lipoproteins were measured in 130 cases of normal Korean, 49 patients with cerebrovascular accidents and 35 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The mean values of serum lipids in patients with cerebrovascular accidents were 148.3+/-75.3mg% for triglyceride, 189.6+/-37.4mg% for cholesterol, 132.5+/-55.2mg% for phospholipid and 548.8+/-106.3mg% for total lipid. 2. The mean values of serum lipoproteins in patients with cerebrovascular accidents were 255.3+/-81.6mg% for beta-lipoprotein, 118.3+/-73.7mg% for pre-beta-lipoprotein and 183.6+/-65.5mg% for alpha-lipoprotein. 3. There were no significant differences of sex and age in the mean values of serum lipids and lipoproteins in patients with cerebrovascular accidents. 4. In general the mean concentrations of serum lipids and lipoproteins, except phospholipid and alpha-lipoprotein, in patients with cerebrovascular accidents and hypertension were significantly elevated than in normal control subjects. 5. There were no significant differences in serum lipid and lipoprotein values between various types of cerebrocasculr accidents. 6. The change of serum lipid and lipoprotein values had a decreasing tendency till one month after onset, thereafter the values became similar to to\hose of early period of illness. 7. The incidence of hyperlipoproteinemia in patients with cerebrovascular accidents was 64%, and the most frequent type of hyperlipoproteinemia was Type IIa, as the frequency decreased in the order of Type IV, Type IIb and Type III.
Cholesterol ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemias ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Lipoproteins* ; Stroke* ; Triglycerides

In Korea, owing to effective vaccination, occurences of poliomyelitis begen to decrease rapidly from 1964 and in recent years less than 10 cases of acute infection are being reported annually. However, patients crippled with poliomyeltis residua, mainly the legacy of the many epidemics of 1950s, and early 1960s, are many and pose a social and national problem as well as a personal and family ordeal. We reviewed 536 patients with residual poliomyelitis admitted and treated at Seoul National University Hospital during the past 18 years, from 1963 to 1980 They were divided into four chronological groups; the first, 1993 to 1968, the second 1968 to 1973, the third, 1974 to 1977, and the fourth, 1978 to 1980, In each group, based on in-patient records, and out-patient records, epidemology, deformities, and treatment were extensively reviewed. The followings are the outcome of this investigation 1. The male-to-female ratio was 53.7%: 46.3%, The male majority, distinct in the first group with 63. 7%, became less conspicuos in the fouth group with 50. 3%. 2. Average age oe admission, which was 10. 7 years in the first group, had increased decidedly to 17. 8 years in the fourth group. 3. The age of onset was most frequent between 1 to 2 years with 45.8% and next frequent between 7 to 12 months with 23. 5%. The ages below 5 years occupied 97. 6% of the cases. 4. The year of onset was most frequent from 1961 to 1963 with 28.7%. The incidence markedly and steadily decreased thereafter. 5. 94. 5% of the cases were unvaccinated. The remaining cases, except one, had had incomplete vaccination. 6. Fever, with 74. 0% was by far the most frequent initial symptom. Vomiting and diarrhea were the next frequent symptoms. 7. Of the 60% of the patients who had had any previous treatment, 25. 9% had operations and 20. 4% had braces and crutches. 8. Average number of admissions per patient were 1. 7 and average number of operations were l. 9. Average length of hospitalization was 39. 2 days. 9. 23. 6% of the patents had hip deformities, of which flexion defermity was most frequent with 4. 7%. Soutter fasciotomy or Campbell operation was employed in order to correct flexion deformity. In the earlier groups, Mustard operation, Sharrard operation, Ober-Barr operation, and pem-berton osteotmy were commonly practiced, whereas in the later groups, Thomas-Thompson-Straub operation, combined Thomas-Thompson-Straub and Ober-Barr operation, Salter osteotomy, Chiari osteotomy, Steel osteotomy were favored. 10. 45.2% of the patients had knee and leg deformities, of which flexion deformit; was most frequent with 14.5%. Flexion-valgus-external rotation deformity and flexion-valgus deformity with 4.6% and 4.5%, respectively, followed next. 11. 83. 9% of the patients had foot and toe deformities, of which equinovarus deformity occupied 6. 5% equinovalgus deformity 6.8%, and clawing of great toe 25. 2%. Triple arthodesis was done most frequently with 45. 9% of the cases, or 282 feet. Jone's operation or its modification, Tendo Achilles lengthening, plantar fasciotomy, and Peroneal tendon transfer were also frequntly performed. 12. There was leg length inequality in 90%. of the cases, Epiphysiodesis and femoral shortening were carried out, except for 4 cases of stapling in the earliest group, and femoral lengthening was done in 3 cases. 13. Spineal deformity was found in 19.7 % Of the cases, of which scoliosis was most freqent with 11. 5%. 7% of the cases had pelevic obliquity. Lumbodorsal fasciotomy, and postrior spinal fusion with Harrington instrument were carried out in order to ameliorate these deformities. 14. Deformities in the upper extremity were found in 3.6% of the patients. Procedures carried out inclulded shoulder fusion, Saha's operation, Steindler's flexorplasty, sternocleidomastold transfer, wrist fusion and opponensplasty, etc. 15. Generally, there was marked improvement of disability after treatment. The patients having moder.ate to severe limping decreased from 41.3%, preoperatively, to 25% after operation.
Age of Onset ; Animals ; Arterial Switch Operation ; Braces ; Clubfoot ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Crutches ; Diarrhea ; Fever ; Foot ; Hip ; Hoof and Claw ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee ; Korea ; Leg ; Leg Length Inequality ; Male ; Osteotomy ; Outpatients ; Poliomyelitis ; Scoliosis ; Seoul ; Shoulder ; Spinal Fusion ; Steel ; Tendon Transfer ; Toes ; Upper Extremity ; Vaccination ; Vomiting ; Wrist

With advance of diagnostic imaging technics, the detection rate of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become much increased, but the questions whether the growth pattern and histologic nature of the HCC keep maintain the original gross and microscopic features with its advancement of tumor size remain still unclear. We reviewed 39 surgically resected hepatocellular carcinomas(HCCs) with a tumor size less than or equal to 3 cm in diameter(s-HCC), and their gross and microscopic features were compared with the HCCs bigger than 3 cm (i-HCC, 199 cases). Single nodular type(SN) was the most common gross type(60%) in s-HCCs, and was followed by single nodular type with perinodular extension(SNPE; 15.4%), multinodular-discrete type(10.3%) and multinodular-confluent type(5.1%). These figures contrasted to SNPE(42.2%) and SN(20.6%) in the i-HCCs. Of the 39 s-HCCs, 25 cases(64.1%) were encapsulated, and 14 cases(36%) demonstrated intratumoral fibrous septations, being contrasted to the i-HCCs in which fibrous septa formation was mord prominent but complete capsule formation was found only in 40.2% of the larger ones. Microscopically, the trabecular type was the most frequent one(53.9%), and increased with their size while the compact type transformed into trabecular one. Thirty three cases(84.6%) were associated with macronodular cirrhosis. Seropositivity for HBsAg was found in 26 cases(66.6%), and high serum alpha-fetoprotein level over 500 IU/L was found in 15 s-HCC cases(38.4%), while 53.3% in i-HCC. The above results suggest that HCCs change their pathologic features by increase of their size, and a comparison of the details with regard to the possible mechanisms involved is discussed.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

Statistical analysis of 18,211 cases of electrocardiogram which were recorded in Chung-Ang University Hospital from January 1969 to December 162% of total cases(61% of male and 63% of female) and the incidence of normal electrocardiogram was decrease with aging. 2) Abnormal Q-wave was seen in 0.4% of total cases(0.5% of male and 0.3% of female) and the incidence of abnormal Q-wave was more common over 50 years of age. 3) Left axis deviation was seen in 1.1% of total cases(1.4% of male and 0.9% of female) and the incidence of left axis deviation was more common over 50 years of age. Right axis deviation was seen in 0.3% of total cases(0.3% of male and 0.4% of female) and the incidence of right axis deviation was more common under 30 years of age. 4) Left ventricular hypertrophy was seen in 3.6% of total cases(4.8% of male and 2.5% of female) and the incidence of right ventricular hypertrophy was more common under 30 years of age. 5) ST-segment depression was seen in 2.0% of total cases(2.2% of male and 1.9% of female) and the incidence of ST-segment depression was increased with aging. 6) T-wave inversion was seen in 1.6% of total cases (1.5% of male and 1.7% of female) and the incidence of T-wave inversion was increased with aging. 7) Atrioventricular block was seen in 1.4% of total cases(1.8% of male and 1.0% of female) and the incidence of atrioventricular block was more common over 50 years of age. 8) Incidence of complete left bundle branch block was 0.2% and was more common overs 60 years of age. Incidence of complete right bundle branch block was 1.1% and the incidence was more common over 50 years of age. Incidence of incomplete right bundle branch block was 3.0% and the incidence was more common under 40 years of age. 9) The incidence of premature beat was 2.7% of total cases, atrial fibrillation 1.5%, supraventricular tachycardia 0.2%, sinus tachycardia 7.5%, sinus bradycardia 2.2% and sinus arrhythmia 2.3%. 10) Low voltage was ssen in 3.8% of total cases and the incidence of low voltage was more common over 50 years of age.
Aging ; Arrhythmia, Sinus ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Atrioventricular Block ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Bradycardia ; Bundle-Branch Block ; Cardiac Complexes, Premature ; Depression ; Electrocardiography* ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular ; Incidence ; Male ; Tachycardia, Sinus ; Tachycardia, Supraventricular

Congenital pseudarthroses and non-unions have been recognized as some of the most challenging problems in orthopaedic surgery. with a standard surgical procedure, such as bone grafting, nailing, plating or a combination of these, it was frequently failed to unit. After repeated surgical failures, amputation has been the main course. With the advent of an electrical control of osteogenesis, however, this dismal outlook is brightening. The earliest report of the use of electrical energy to directly stimulate bone healing seems to be in 19th century, but it was not reliable. In this century, the electrical properties of bone were first described by Yasuda et al in 1953. After then, several investigators have shown that the application of small amounts of the electrical current to bone stimulates osteogenesis at the site of the cathode. Clinical trials using various froms in the treatment of delayed union, non-union, and congenital-pseudarthrosis began early in the 1970's. Constant direct current, pulsed current, and electromagnetically induced current have all been used clinically to heal bone defects with varying degrees of success. But, to-this date it is unknown what is the mechanism of stimulating bone healiag with electricity, and which from of electricity is most efficient in stimulating osteogenesis. We have experienced direct current stimulation to promote osteogenesis in 9 cases of non-union and 4 cases of congenital pseudarthses of the tibia from august, 1978 to december, 1980. Of 9 non-unions, 7 (77.8%) achieved solid bony union. We had obtained bony union in 4cases of non-union only with the electrical stimulation. In 4 cases of congenital pseudarthses of the tibia, all cases achieved solid bony union with the electrical stimulation and bone graft, but in 3 cases, refractures were occurred. At this moment, our conclusions from this study are as followa. I. Direct current stimulation is one of the reliable methods inducing ostengenesis. 2. Regular follows-up and determination of the stimulator integrity are essential steps in the electrical stimulation. 3. Combined treatment with the electrical stimulation and bone graft have markedly improved the success rate. 4. In direct current stimulation of congenital pseudarthsis, the mechanically sound bony alignment, massive bone graft and protection using long leg brace seem to be mandatory procedures.
Amputation ; Bone Transplantation ; Braces ; Electric Stimulation ; Electricity ; Electrodes ; Humans ; Leg ; Magnets ; Osteogenesis ; Pseudarthrosis ; Research Personnel ; Tibia ; Transplants