Objective To isolate and identificate a specific new gene highly related to human bladder cancer and to investigate the carcinogenesis mechanism and genetic susceptibility. Methods Normal bladder epithelia and cancer tissue collected from 8 cases of primary bladder transitional cell carcinoma were studied using the high performance?sensitive technique of mRNA differential display.The differential fragments were found by comparing with genetic expression. 6 of them were reamplificated?cloned?sequenced,and performed the autoploidy index in the public database of genbank. Results (1)37 differential fragments have been isolated.36 of which are expressed or highly expressed in cancer tissues,but not so or lowly expressed in normal tissues;while it has been expressed in 1 normal tissue but not in the cancer tissue.(2)Results of indexing:1 is homologous to TBX3 (T box gene),autoploidy 99%.1 is homologous to cl.Ca4 gene (member 4 of Calcium activated chloride channel gene family), autoploidy 99%.1 is homologous to Cu,Zn SOD gene (Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase),99%.The remaining fragments are not homologous to unknown sequences in the public database of genbank,assigned as YHHQ1,XHL,LHX. Conclusions (1)It is verified at genetic level the relation between the conment's increasing of Cu,Zn SOD in bladder cancer derived tissue and the occurrence,advance of bladder cancer.(2)The relation between TBX3,cl.Ca4 gene and human carcinoma has been observed.(3)YHHQ1 may be the new candidate of anti oncogene related to bladder cancer.XHL and LHX may be the new candidates of oncogene related to bladder cancer.

Objective To study and compare the protective effects of pmtease inhibitor and corticosteroid on endotoxin-indueed acute lung injury in order to guide the choice of appropriate drugs. Method Thirty-two New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided(random number) into four groups with 8 rabbits in each, namely normal controls(C) ; lipopolysaecharide(LPS) group(L) ; ulinastatin(UTI) group(U) and dexamcthasone(DEX) group (D) .Except group C, all rabbits were injected with a dose of LPS 600 μg/kg iv. Meanwhile the rabbits in group U,group D received UTI(100 000 μ/kg), DEX(5 mg/kg), respectively. The specimens were collected 4 hours later for detecting the levels of TNF-α and NO in serum, and blood gas analysis, histological manifestations, the lung wet/dry weight ratio, lung tissue MPO and SOD activity, lung tissue MDA. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (SNK- q test), and P < 0.05 was considered as significantly different. Results Compared with group C, the lungs of the rabbits in group L had inflammatory granulocyte infdtration, diffused alveolar septum thickening and hemorrhagic spots were observed in pathological examinations. The histological changes of group U and group D were much lessened than those in group L. As groups U and D were compared with group L, there were significant differences inmany biomarkers including lung wet/dry weight ratio[(5.02±0.11),(4.93±0.13) vs.(5.37 ±0.29)],lung tissue MPO activity[(0.51 ± 0.05),(0.54±0.07) vs.(0.82 ± 0.09)] and MDA[(0.82 ±0.05),(0.81 ±0.04) vs.(0.96±0.05)], NO[(296.2± 11.7),(291.7 ± 15.8) vs.(351.8±19.6)] and TNF-α[group D(2.021 ± 0.122) vs. group L(4.999 ± 0.139)],lung tissue SOD activity[(120.3 ± 6.1),(122.6±3.5) vs.(105.1 ± 8.5)] and blood gas analysis[pH(7.30±0.23),(7.30±0.17) vs.(7.22±0.45) and PaO_2( 101.9 ± 6.8).( 102.5 ± 4.7) vs.(80.3 ± 3.3)] ; but there were no differences of above mentioned biomarkers between group U and D( P > 0.05). And there were no significant differences in PaCO_2 betweeu group U and D and group L[(37.0 ± 3.3),(37.6 ± 3.0) vs.(34.8 ± 2.3)]( P > 0.05). Conclusions The protective effects of ulinastatin on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury is comparable to those of dexamethasone, thus the former may be a clinical substitute for the latter with less side effects.

DPP-4 inhibitors are new oral hypoglycemic drugs and hot spots developed and launched in recent years, and they pro-vide new choices for the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes. In China, DPP-4 inhibitors that are approved to use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes are all imported products currently. In the paper, the current intellectual property situation of DPP-4 inhibitors that are developed and approved at home and abroad is researched and analyzed. Reasonable use of the patent information of DPP-4 inhibitors that is about to expire or have failed can provide good guidance for the subsequent development of DPP-4 inhibitors in domestic with promising curative effect and good market prospects, and can generate new patents in order to enhance the market competitiveness.

Conscious Sedation ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; instrumentation ; methods

Aiming at molybdate and boron deficient acid purple soil from main peanut cultivated areas in Sichuan,and Mo and B requirement of peanut growth,the feasibility of Co-inoculum of peanut Bradyrhizobium and molybdate and boron was studied.The tolerance to molybdate and boron of the tested strains Spr2-9,Spr4-5 was inspected.The result indicated that the two tested strains could tolerate higher concentration of molybdate than that of boron.The compound inoculum of Bradyrhizobial strain and trace element Mo was developed.The optimum concentration of Mo was 0.4%.

Objective To investigate the effects of preserving continence important structures during Studer pouch surgery. Methods Radical cystectomy and Studer orthotopic neobladder surgeries were performed on 68 male patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer.The anatomic configuration of the rhabdosphincter complex,pudendal nerve supply,and musculofascial support system to the proximal urethra were carefully preserved.The neobladder functions were then evaluated. Results The pathological classification of the 68 patients was as follows:T3a N0M0 in 20 cases and T2N0M0 in 48 cases.The patients were followed up for 6 to 36mon(mean 12 mon).Complete urinary continence was achieved in 67 patients 24 hours a day and the remained one had nocturnal incontinence.Of these patients,59 patients could urinate well without residual urine and the other 9 patients had residual urine of 20 to 30 ml. Conclusions A well-performed Studer pouch should pay specific attention to the anatomic configuration of the rhabdosphincter complex,pudendal nerve supply,and musculofascial support system to the proximal urethra to achieve the goal of maximizing continence preservation.

Objective To evaluate the contribution of puboprostatic ligament-sparing technique in urinary continence after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). Methods A total of 74 men with clinically localized prostate cancer underwent RRP. Of whom, 50 patients were performed pubo-prostatic ligament-sparing technique(group A), while 24 patients were not(group B). Patients were evaluated by independent observer questionnaire to determine their urinary continence status. Results Mean patient age [(61.3±2.4) vs (60.8±2.1)years], serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values [14.3±1.2)ng/ml vs (14.7±1.3) ng/ml], operative time [(110.5±10.4)min vs (109.7±10.6) mini, estimated blood loss [(250.5±23.4) ml vs (253.4±22.3) ml], and positive surgical margin rate (6% vs 8%) were not significantly different between group A and B(P>0.05). The urinary con-tinence rate with the puboprostatic ligament-sparing technique at 1-year follow-up was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Concision The puboprostatic ligament-sparing technique significantly enhances post-operative urinary continence after RRP.

Objective To review the clinical features , diagnosis , prognosis and treatment of polycythemia vera ( PV) complicated with acute coronary syndrome ( ACS) .Methods The clinical data of 2 PV patients complicated with ACS admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital ( PUMCH ) were retrospectively analyzed and the recent literatures were reviewed .Results Case 1 was a 65-year old man who had been diagnosed PV with a positive JAK2V617F mutation 3 years ago.At presentation, the patient was suffering from recurrent angina pectoris , and coronary angiography revealed that there was a severe ( 80%) stenosis in the middle segment of left circumflex and a Xience V stent was implanted .After the percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention ( PCI ) , secondary prevention for coronary heart disease and hydroxyurea for PV were given and the patient has been followed up regularly for more than three years and he is going well.Case 2 is a 44-year old man who was diagnosed PV with a positive JAK 2 mutation 3 years ago and hydroxyurea, interferon, aspirin was prescribed.Then splenic infarction, thrombosis of splenic vein,regional portal hypertension , severe varices of fundus of stomach and upper gastrointestinal bleeding developed with him.Two months ago , an AMI of inferior wall occurred and the angiographic findings demonstrated an thrombotic lesion in the proximal segment of the right coronary artery with a moderate stenosis ( 60%);1 month ago an AMI of anterior wall developed and coronary angiography discovered that there were diffuse thrombus in the proximal segment of left anterior descending artery with a severe stenosis ( 90%) and a complete occlusion in the right coronary artery .After double antiplatelet therapy with anticoagulation therapy of warfarin was given , the patient recovered gradually .Conclusions PV complicated with ACS is relatively rare.According to recent studies, positive JAK2V617F mutation, leukocytosis, age >65 years and positive history of thrombosis are the most important predictors of cardiovascular events .Clinicians should design individualized treatment strategies for patients on the basis of clinical features , coronary angiography findings and complications .For those with thrombotic lesion in the coronary artery due to the hypercoagulative state caused by PV, it should be cautious to carry out a coronary revascularization treatment .

Objective: To investigate the interference effect of lipofectamine-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) on the expression of PIM-1 gene in prostate cancer cell lines. Methods: Three kinds of recombinant plasmid expression vectors (pP[M]- hRNA-1,-2,-3) were constructed, which can produce shRNA targeting different sequence of PIM-1 mRNA. The recombinant plasmid vectors were transfected into PC-3 cell lines, respectively. RT-PCR and Western blot assay were used to detect the expression of PIM-1 mRNA and protein after transfection. Results: The expression of mRNA and protein of PIM-1 in PC-3 were inhibited significantly at 48h post-transfection. Furthermore, pPLM1- hRNA-2 and pPIM1- hRNA-3 resulted in a stronger silencing effect than that of pPIM- hRNA-1. Conclusion: The recombinant plasmid expression vector which carrying PIM-1 shRNA may remarkably inhibit the expression of PIM-1 mRNA and protein in PC-3 cell lines. The experiment provided the basis for further investigation of the role of PIM-1.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical related factors of leucopenia induced by azathioprine in the treatment of inflam-matory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS:Clinical information of 114 IBD patients were collected from our hospital during Jan. 2013-Mar. 2015. Steady concentration of AZA metabolite 6-thioguanine(6-TGNs)in red blood cell was determined by HPLC. The correlation of patient’s gender,age,diseases,AZA daily dose and blood concentration of 6-TGNs with leucopenia induced by AZA were investigated. The optimal critical value of leucopenia could be predicted with ROC curves. RESULTS:Among 114 IBD patients,40 patients suffered from leucopenia(35.1%). There was no statistical significance in the proportion of leucopenia among patients with different age,gender,diseases and AZA daily dose(P>0.05). There was statistical significance in the proportion of leucopenia among patients with different concentrations of 6-TGNs(P<0.05). Mean blood concentration of 6-TGNs in leukopenia patients [(407.82±262.88)pmol/(8×108)RBC] was higher than patients with normal leukocyte level [(275.85±118.37)pmol/(8× 108)RBC],with statistical significance(P<0.05). ROC curve predicted that the optimal critical value of leucopenia was blood con-centration of 6-TGNs>291.04 pmol/(8 × 108)RBC. CONCLUSIONS:AZA induced leucopenia may be related to the concentration of 6-TGNs in red blood cell of IBD patients,and high concentration of 6-TGNs is risk factors of leucopenia. Clinicians can provide AZA individual treatment for IBD patient to reduce the occurrence of leucopenia according to routine blood test and the concentra-tion of 6-TGNs.