Fibrosis is a pathological process characterized by tissue scars and can occur in many organs of the human body. Organ fibrosis is manifested by increased fibrous connective tissue and reduced parenchymal cells in organ tissues, which can lead to destruction of organ structures and reduced function, which seriously endangers human health. Current strategies for treating organ fibrosis include: blocking the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad signaling pathway, anti-inflammatory, regulating the sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine-1-phosphate (SK1/S1P) signaling pathway, antagonizing vasoactive peptide receptors, enzyme inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, inhibitors of cellular signaling pathway, regulation of metabolic pathways, and mesenchymal stem cell therapy. In the review, the treatment strategies for organ fibrosis and the latest developments in the research of anti-organ fibrosis drugs are summarized to provide a reference for the development of anti-organ fibrosis drugs.

Objective To establish the radiolabeling method for peptide K237 with 131I and investigate the biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of 131I-K237 on nude mice bearing human lung cancer.Methods Iodogen method was used for labeling K237. The bioactivity of 131I-K237 was tested by human umbilical vein endothelial cell ( HUVEC ) proliferation inhibitory assay and the affinity of 131I-K237 was examined by competition binding studies. Twenty-five mice were divided into five groups randomly, including physiologic saline (group 1), K237 (40 μg) (group 2), 131I ( 11. 1 MBq) (group 3), 131I-K237 (K237 40 μg, 11. 1 MBq) intravenously ( group 4), and 131I-K237 ( K237 40 μg, 11.1 MBq) intratumorally (group 5). Injections were repeated at 15 d after the first injection. The tumor growth inhibition rate was calculated. Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for testing significant differences of data. Results The inhibition rate of HUVEC proliferation had no significant difference between radiolabeled K237 and unlabeled K237 ( (73.69 ± 5.36) % vs ( 62.68 ± 3.83 ) %, t = 1.67, P ＞ 0.05 ). The growth of transplanted lung cancer was inhibited by 75. 01 % in group 4, 78.99% in group 5, 31.15% in group 2 and 12.61% in group 3, respectively. The average tumor volume of groups 4 and 5 were significantly smaller than that of groups 1,2, and 3 ( F = 15. 233 and 13.611, respectively, P ＜0. 01 ). Conclusion 131I-K237 can be readily radiolabeled and it can effectively inhibit the growth of tumor in nude mice bearing human lung cancer.

Objective To observe the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) on intestinal function after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods 36 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into group A (n=12), group B (n=12) and group C (n=12). SCI model was established with Allen's mode (10 g×25 mm) at T10. 30 minutes later, group A was intraperitoneally injected with methylprednisolone 30 mg/kg every 24 hours; group B was injected with Shuxuening injection (EGb) 1.75 mg/kg every 24 hours; group C were injected with equal volume of saline. The slow wave of intestinal smooth muscle was measured, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were determined 1 day, 3 days and 7 days after modeling, while intestinal tissue was tested with HE staining. Results The amplitude and frequency of the myoelectric slow wave increased in the groups A and B 3 and 7 days after modeling compared with those in the group C (P<0.05); meanwhile, the activity of SOD increased and content of MDA decreased in the groups A and B (P<0.05). The HE scores decreased in the groups A and B compared with those in the group C (P<0.05), which presented that the inflammatory exudation was mild, the hemorrhagic spot was few and the area was limited. The intestinal villous of the group C was blunt with large infiltration of inflammatory cells and inflammatory exudate on the mucosal surface. Conclusion EGb can improve the recovery of intestinal function in rats spinal cord injury through antioxidant.

Objective To study the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the effect of SB203580 on proliferation and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells and the effects of H2S on expressions of collagenⅠand collagenⅢmRNA in hepatic stel-late cells. Methods There were five groups of HSC-T6 cells in this study including control group (DMEM medium contain-ing10%fetal bovine serum), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS)group,SB203580 (SB)group and SB+NaHS group. MTT method was used to detect the cell proliferation and inhibition rate of HSC-T6 cells treated by SB203580 and H2S. The apoptotic rate of HSC-T6 cells was detected by flow cytometry with annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. RT-PCR was used to detect the expressions of collagenⅠand collagenⅢmRNA in HSC-T6. Results The apop-totic rate of HSC-T6 cells was significantly higher in SB group and SB+NaHS group than that of control group, and the rate was significantly higher in SB+NaHS group than that of SB group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the apop-totic rate of HSC-T6 cells between DMSO and NaHS groups than that of control group. The expressions of collagenⅠand col-lagenⅢmRNA were found in five groups of cells. There was a higher expression of collagenⅠand collagenⅢmRNA in NaHS group than that of control group (P＜0.05). The expressions of collagenⅠand collagenⅢmRNA were significantly lower in SB group and SB+NaHS group than those of control group and NaHS group (P＜0.05). Conclusion H2S activated P38MAPK signal pathway. And P38MAPK was specifically blocked by SB203580 in HSC-T6 cells, which inhibited the cell proliferation stimulated by H2S and promoted the apoptosis.

Objective To study CT and MRI appearance of transient hepatic attenuation difference (THAI)) .to reveal the cause of THAD),and to avoid false positive and misdiagnosis.Methods 10 cases appearing THAD in CT and 5 cases appearing THAI) in MRI were reviewed and all were processed with plain scan and dy- namic contrast with CT or MRI.Results 7 cases appeared transienl hypertransfusion of CT,4 cases appeared tran- sient hypertransfusion of MRI;3 cases appeared transient Hypoperfusion of CT,1 case appeared transient hypoperfu- sion of MRI.Conclusion The appearance of THAD in CT and MRI,was related to the quick-scan with CT and MRI only sufficient comprehension of the characteristics of blood supply in normal physiology and pathology of liver, combined with plain scan,could make correct decision possible in the final diagnosis when it occurred regional perfu- sion difference in liver.

Objective The expression and impaired function of ion channels might be one of the pathophysiological mecha -nisms responsible for diarrhea in inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD) .Proper animal model is the key to explore detailed pathophysiolog-ical process.The purpose of this study was to build a rat model of acute colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in C57BL/6 mice and evaluate diarrhea-associated clinical , histological , pathological parameters and expressions of ion channel protein . Methods C57BL/6J mice of model group were treated with 4%DSS solution for 7 days to induce acute colitis.Mice body weight, stool moisture, stool consistency and the degree of hematochezia were recorded .The histopathological changes of mice colon specimens were observed visually and microcosmically, and the ion channel SLC26A3 protein was detected by Western Blot . Results All experimental mice survived.In the experiment, compared with control group , bloody diarrhea and weight lose occurred in model group , along with increased stool moisture ([73.30 ±8.31]% after experiment vs [44.32 ±6.42]% before experiment, P=0.004), and rapidly in-creased disease activity index (DAI) of acute colitis ([3.50 ±0.87] after experiment vs [1.0 ±0.00] before experiment, P=0.000).At the end of this experiment , compared with control group , the model group resulted in higher colonic damage score and pathological inflammation score (P=0.00, P=0.002), significantly shortened co-lon (P=0.00) and decreased expression of SLC26A3. Conclusion The intestinal mucosal injury and phenotypic features of 4%DSS-induced acute colitis are very similar to those of human ulcerative colitis .Impaired expression of intestinal ion transporter SLC26 A3 coexists with diarrhea in model group mice , and this model can support the research on mechanism of functional changes of ion channels in inflammatory diarrhea .

According to the super-position principle of the reinforcement of biological activities, a series of novel E-substituted 2, 3-diaryl propenoic acyloxy phosphonate derivatives were designed and synthesized. And the structures of the target compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. Furthermore, the cytotoxicities of all compounds on A-549, SGC-7901 and EC-109 in vitro were evaluated by MTT assay, and some of them showed good antitumor activity. Among the active compounds, especially, the IC50 value of compound 3e was (12.7 ± 1.9) μmol x L(-1) against A-549 cells, similar to cisplatin [IC50 = (8.0 ± 1.5) μmol x L(-1)], compounds 3g and 3k had better inhibition effect on EC-109 cells growth, with the IC50 values of (9.5 ± 1.8) μmol x L(-1) and (11.5 ± 0.9) μmol x L(-1) respectively, and compounds 3i and 3k exhibited good cytotoxic property on A-549, SGC-7901 and EC-109, which were worth further investigation.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Organophosphonates ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo observe different bone cement dispersion types of PVP, PKP and manipulative reduction PVP and their effects in the treatment of senile osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures and the bone cement leakage rate.

METHODSThe clinical data of patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures who underwent unilateral vertebroplasty from January 2012 to January 2015 was retrospectively analyzed. Of them, 56 cases including 22 males and 34 females aged from 60 to 78 years old were treated by PVP operation; Fouty-eight cases including 17 males and 31 females aged from 61 to 79 years old were treated by PKP operation; Forty-three cases including 15 males and 28 females aged from 60 to 76 years old were treated by manipulative reduction PVP operation. AP and lateral DR films were taken after the operation; the vertebral bone cement diffusion district area and mass district area were calculated with AutoCAD graphics processing software by AP and lateral DR picture, then ratio(K) of average diffusion area and mass area were calculated, defining K<50% as mass type, 50%<=K<=100% as mixed type and K>100% as diffusion type. Different bone cement dispersion types of PVP, PKP and manipulative reduction PVP operation were analyzed. According to bone cement dispersion types, patients were divided into diffusion type, mixed type and mass type groups.Visual analogue scale (VAS), vertebral body compression rate, JOA score and bone cement leakage rate were observed.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up for 12-24 months with an average of 17.2 months. There was significant difference in bone cement dispersion type among three groups (<0.05). The constituent ratio of diffusion type, mixed type and mass type in PVP operation was 46.43%, 35.71%, 17.86%, in PKP was 16.67%, 37.50% , 45.83%, and in manipulative reduction PVP was 37.21%, 44.19% and 18.60%, respectively. PVP operation and manipulative reduction PVP were mainly composed of diffusion type and mixed type, while PKP was mainly composed of mass type and mixed type. There was no significant difference in VAS score, JOA score and bone cement leakage rate among three groups. There was statistically significant difference in postoperative vertebral body compression rate among three bone cement dispersion types(<0.05), postoperative vertebral body compression rate in diffusion type group at 24 h postoperatively and final follow-up was (17.31±5.06)% and(18.58±4.91)%, respectively. In mixed type group, it was(14.21±5.15)% and(14.59±5.07)%, respectively. In mass type group, it was(13.89±5.02)% and(14.28±4.94)%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSBone cement dispersion type is different in PVP, PKP and manipulative reduction PVP operation. The bone cement dispersion of mass type and mixed type to recovery of compressed vertebral body is better than diffusion type, and there is no obvious difference in clinical effect in different bone cement dispersion type early and middle term.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical results of postoperative rehabilitation of patellar fracture by modified seated position of different knee flexion angles, thereby enrich the therapeutic tool of orthopaedics of traditional Chinese and western medicine and provide the evidences for refinement and modernization of traditional Chinese exercise therapy.

METHODSFrom January 2009 to June 2012,90 patients with patellar transverse fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation by tension band wire and rehabilitation exercises. There were 52 males and 38 females, aged from 21 to 77 years old with an average of 50.0 years old. Three methods of rehabilitation exercises were adopted in the patients after fractures clinical union. There were 21 males and 14 females in group A (trained by modified seated position of knee flexion about 60 degree), 21 males and 14 females in group B (trained by modified seated position of knee flexion about 30 degree), 10 males and 10 females in group C (trained by walk). The rehabilitation-training time was 1 month. Fracture healing informations were observed by X-ray films. The Böstman patellar fracture function scores were compared before and after training among three groups.

RESULTSPostoperative follow-up time was 6 months. All fractures obtained bone union and the average healing time was 3 months (ranged,2 to 4 months). Böstman patellar fracture function scores in group A, B, C before training were 18.89 ± 2.19, 18.74 ± 2.03, 18.85 ± 2.92, respectively; there was no significant differences in among three groups (P > 0.05). After training, Böstman patellar fracture function scores in group A, B, C were 29.40 ± 1.14, 26.09 ± 3.86, 25.70 ± 4.09, respectively; group A was highest than other two groups; and there was no significant differences between group A and group B.

CONCLUSIONModified seated position of knee flexion about 60 degree was practical and effective training in postoperative rehabilitation for the treatment of patellar fracture, it can obtain the better clinical results than other training method such as walk or modified seated position of knee flexion about 30 degree.

Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fracture Healing ; Fractures, Bone ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patella ; injuries ; surgery

Brain Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; drug therapy ; Eye Diseases ; drug therapy ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Photochemotherapy ; Precancerous Conditions ; drug therapy ; Skin Diseases ; drug therapy ; Skin Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Tooth Diseases ; drug therapy ; Urologic Neoplasms ; drug therapy