Objective To investigate the clinical significance of DNA haploid analysis for malignant degree and prognosis assessment of breast carcinoma. Methods Highclarity Colourful Pathological Analysis System-1000( HPIAS-1000) was used to analyze the DNA haploid of 120 breast carcinoma patients who had been followed up for more than 5 years. All patients were divided into three groups according to histology. 48 advanced differentiation cases, 44 middle differentiation cases and 28 low differentiation cases. Then DNA haploid analysis was made,that is diploid(2C) ,3 - 4C,aneuploid(AN). Results Except for 3 -4C,there were significant differences betweenⅠandⅡgrade ,ⅡandⅢgrade,ⅠandⅢgrade( P

Objective:To understand the awareness of students of medical colleges sperm behavior, attitudes and prac-tical factors. Methods:Used convenient sampling method to select 300 college students of 4 medical colleges in Shanghai conducted a questionnaire survey and used Epidata 3. 1 and SPSS 18. 0 to count and analyse. Results: 251 question-naires. 39. 8% of respondents were willing to sperm, the primary reason was considered to be an act of charity, helping others;willing sperm donors only distributed among schools statistically significant (P<0. 05) proportions, and for the various professional and grades , showed no significant difference ( P>0 . 05 ) . Conclusion:Students of Shanghai Medical Colleges sperm voluntary rate was not high, so the survey analyzed related factors affecting sperm donation and put forward practical proposals to provide reference data and methods for sperm bank sperm recruiting for volunteers in the universities.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of the changes of interleukin-6(IL-6) contents in serum and urine in children with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS).Methods The contents of IL-6 in serum and urine in 38 cases of PNS were exa-(mined) by ELISA before and after treatment with prednisone 2 mg/(kg?d) for 8 weeks.Results Before the treatment with prednisone,the contents of IL-6 in serum in steroid-responsive group and steroid-resistant group were significantly higher than those in the normal controls(P0.05).In the steroid-responsive group and steroid-resistant group,the levels of IL-6 in urine were significantly higher than those in the normal controls(P0.05).The contents of IL-6 in steroid-resistant group in serum and urine had significant difference in the comparison with the normal controls(P

Fibrosis is a pathological process characterized by tissue scars and can occur in many organs of the human body. Organ fibrosis is manifested by increased fibrous connective tissue and reduced parenchymal cells in organ tissues, which can lead to destruction of organ structures and reduced function, which seriously endangers human health. Current strategies for treating organ fibrosis include: blocking the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad signaling pathway, anti-inflammatory, regulating the sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine-1-phosphate (SK1/S1P) signaling pathway, antagonizing vasoactive peptide receptors, enzyme inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, inhibitors of cellular signaling pathway, regulation of metabolic pathways, and mesenchymal stem cell therapy. In the review, the treatment strategies for organ fibrosis and the latest developments in the research of anti-organ fibrosis drugs are summarized to provide a reference for the development of anti-organ fibrosis drugs.

Esophageal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Melanoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Melanoma-Specific Antigens ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC) ( ≤ 2. 0 cm) with liver cirrhosis after contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) examination. Methods Forty five patients with liver cirrhosis received CECT and CEUS examinations before operation or needle biopsy and the diagnosis was confirmed by pathological examination.CEUS and CECT findings of 51 liver space-occupying lesions from 45 patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among all 51 lesions detected CEUS and CECT found 49 and 35, respectively. The typical characteristics of SHCC were "fast-in and fast-out" and "fast-in and slow-out". The sensitivity of CEUS and CECT in diagnosis of SHCC was 88. 9% (32/36) and 69. 4 % (25/36) respectively ( x2 = 3. 02, P =0. 08);the diagnostic accuracy was 84. 3 % (43/51 ) and 56. 9% (29/51 ) respectively ( x2 = 1.46, P =0. 22). Among 16 lesions missed by CECT, 12 were detected by CEUS. Conclusions CEUS and CECT show the similar diagnostic rate for typical SHCC ,however, CEUS is more sensitive for atypical lesions. With high time resolution, CEUS have advantages for follow-up study of benign liver lesions.

Objective To explore the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cyclic vomiting syndrome in children.Methods Thirty children proved with cyclic vomiting syndrome admitted from January,1998 to January,2003 were analyzed retrospectively.Results Cyclic vomiting syndrome was most likely to occur in 3-12 years old.The male to female ratio was 3∶2.The clinical manifestations were recurrent vomiting.Twenty-one cases had inducements,while 9 cases had not inducements.It was safe and efficient that curing cyclic vomiting syndrome with cyprohetadine and amitriptyline.Conclusions If these children with cyclic vomiting syndrome are inefficient to treatment,excluding metabolizable diseases,gastrointestinal,neurological diseases,they may be diagnosed cyclic vomiting syndrome,and cured with cyprohetadine and amitriptyline.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and clinical feasibility of the computer-assisted full plan- ning system for tibial fracture treatment with intramedullary nailing.Methods After analyzing the functional structure and operative procedures of the system,nine plastic tibia and 12 cadaver lower limbs were used for image mosaicing based on C-arm (PHILIPS BV Libra) fluoroscopic images in the operation room to assess the correctness of the mosaicing and planning algorithms.The plastic tibial model was used for analysis of the mosaicing precision.The cadaver tibial bone was used for reduction experiment with the reduction mechanism to analyze the operation feasi- bility.Results Only 7 to 10 [fluoroscopy time:(19.75?0.61)s] valid C-ann projection images were needed to produce a long bone panorama of the lower limb.The total time for image acquisition and mosaicing was within (4.17?0.86)minutes and the mosaicing precision in the plastic tibial model was (1.26?0.76)mm.The opera- tion of the reduction mechanism was very simple and could be controlled by a surgeon automatically or free of hand. An integrated reduction strategy could be produced for rough positioning in general and elaborate operations in de- tails.Conclusion The computer-assisted full planning system can be used for anatomical analysis based on the C-arm panorama,full surgical planning,virtual simulation,selection of proper intramedullary nails and fracture reduction in treatment of long bone fractures.

Objective To investigate the impact of movement frequency on gross tumor volume (GTV) of moving tumors and coordinate position of the central point based on three-and four-dimensional CT scans.Methods The respiratory motion platform from Modus and 8 phantoms with different shapes and volumes were used to simulate the movement of lung tumors.Three-and four-dimensional CT scans were performed at movement frequencies of 10,15,and 20 times/min.GTV (GTV10,GTV15,and GTV20) and IGTV (IGTV10,IGTV15,and IGTV20) were delineated,and the coordinate position of the central point was obtained.The Friedman test was performed for GTV10,GTV15,GTV20,IGTV10,IGTV15,IGTV20,and the coordinate position of the central point.Results GTV10,GTV15,and GTV20 at the three movement frequencies were 12.41±14.26 cm3,10.38±11.18 cm3,and 12.50±15.23 cm3,respectively (P=0.687),and the positional values were-8.2±96.2 mm,-8.6±96.1 mm,and-8.6±95.7 mm in x-axis (P=0.968),108.2±25.0 mm,110.4±22.5 mm,and 109.0±24.2 mm in y-axis (P=0.028),and 65.2±13.7 mm,65.4± 13.4 mm,and 65.4± 13.2 mm in z-axis (P =0.902).IGTV10,IGTV15,and IGTV20 at the three movement frequencies were 17.78± 19.42 cm3,17.43± 19.56 cm3,and 17.44± 18.80 cm3,respectively (P=0.417),and the positional values were-7.7±95.9 mm,-7.9±95.6 mm,and-7.9±95.1 mm in x-axis (P=0.325),109.4±24.5 mm,109.6±24.1 mm,and 109.2±24.3 mm in y-axis (P=0.525),and 65.5±13.3 mm,65.6±13.4 mm,and 65.5±13.3 mm in z-axis (P=0.093).Conclusions During simulated positioning of thoracic tumors,respiratory movement frequency has no significant impact on target volume established by four-dimensional CT scan.There are no significant differences in three-dimensional target volume established at different respiratory frequencies,but respiratory frequency has a significant impact on the position of the central point of the target volume in y-axis.

Objective To investigate the effect of intraspinal grafting of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) ex vivo transgene myoblasts cells and methylprednisolone on caspase-3 expression after spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods A total of 120 experimental rats were divided into Group A (spinal cord contusion injury group), Group B (grafting of BDNF ex vivo transgene myoblasts cells group), Group C (methylprednisolone intravenous injection group) and Group D (grafting of BDNF ex vivo transgene myoblasts cells and methylprednisolone intravenous injection group). At days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 respectively after SCI, the expression of caspase-3 was measured immunohistochemically for quantitative analysis via a computer image analysis system. The motion functional recovery of the rats was observed by praxiologic and electrophysiologic examination. Results Positive expression cells of caspase-3 were found in all groups, with number from the highest to the lowest in order of Group A, Group B, Group C and Group D (P