Objective To study blood supply by the internal mammary artery(IMA)for hepatic carcinoma and evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)via IMA. Methods 86 cases of hepatic cancer(HCC)fed by the IMA underwent TACE of the IMA.All of the patients had previously undergone several TACE for HCC.16 patients had undertaken percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy in addition to TAE.4 patients had a history of surgery for upper abdomen.Plain and enhanced CT and MRI scannings were performed before operation.Internal mammary arteriography was carried out during the interventional procedure to clarify the feeding range and then the superselected catheterization of the feeding branch was done with TACE.The IMA angiographic features,tumor location,clinical observation, laboratory tests,imageology were evaluated,and finally were correlated with the angiographic findings of the IMA.Results All lesions were massive type and located at the ventral aspect and subcapsular region of the liver:57 cases in segment 4,5,8,and 29 cases in segment 5,7,8.Recurrent HCCs were supplied by the right IMA in 80 cases,from the left IMA in 5 cases and with the bilateral IMA in 1 case.Lipiodol-TACE of the IMA for HCC can be performed without skin complications in cases of subselective catheterization.Conclusion Tumors located ventrally and superficially in the liver may recruit blood supply through IMA collaterals,often occurring in massive type of HCC after several times of TACE.TACE of IMA is safe and has become technically feasible in almost all patients,although cutaneous damage should be cautious during the interventional procedure.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16:816-819)

Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a molecular genotyping method based on nucleotide sequencing. The procedure of this method characterizes isolates of bacterial species using the DNA sequencing of multiple housekeeping genes(usually seven). For each housekeeping gene, the different sequences present within a bacterial species are assigned as distinct alleles.For each isolate, the alleles at each of the loci define the allelic profile or sequence type (ST). MLST has the advantages of being robust (based on genetic data) and electronically portable to generate data that allow rapid and global comparisons between different laboratories. In this paper, the principle, method, data analysis, application, advantages and flaws of MLST are introduced.

Objective To examine the effects and mechanisms of siRNA targeting aquaporin 4 (AQP 4) in combination with hyperbaric oxygen therapy(HBO) on cerebral edema and apoptosis in the brain tissue of rats after hemorrhage.Methods Rats were randomly divided into four groups,the control group,the hyperbaric oxygen group,the AQP-4 siRNA group and the combination therapy group (24 rats).Thrombin Ⅶ was injected into the caudate nucleus to establish the hemorrhage model.Construction of siRNA targeting aquaporin 4 was conducted.The mRNA expression of AQP-4 was detected by RT-PCR at day 3.Changes in brain moisture and blood-brain barrier perme ability were measured by a wet/dry weight method and Evans blue fluorometry.The nerve cell apoptosis rate was analyzed by Annexin V andTdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL).The expression of proteins including AQP-4,MMP-2,MMP-9,Bcl-2 and caspase-3 was detected by Western Blotting.All the animals were given a score for their nerve function at day 3.Results AQP-4 siRNA treatment obtained better effects than HBO in decreasing the brain edema leveland silencing AQP-4 mRNA(P＜0.05)while,the combination therapy group achieved the best results(P＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group,the percentage of apoptotic cells decreased in all the three treatment groups,with the most marked decrease observed in the combination treatment group(4.24± 0.04)％(F=13.76,P=0.001).The expression of AQP-4,MMP-2,MMP-9 and caspase-3 was lower (P＜0.05) and the expression of Bcl-2 was higher(P＜0.01)in the combination treatment group than in the other three groups.Compared with the control group,all the other three groups received better scores on nerve function defect evaluation at day 3 after hemorrhage(P＜0.05),with the combination treatment group again achieving the most favorable score (4.7 ± 1.1) (F=7.21,P =0.013).Conclusions Targeted siRNA interference combined with hyperbaric oxygen can effectively reduce cerebral edema after cerebral hemorrhage,inhibit neuronal apoptosis and promote neuron function recovery.The underlying mechanisms may be related to down-regulation of AQP-4,MMP 2,MMP-9 and caspase-3 expression and up-regulation of Bcl-2 expression.

Objective To observe the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) on intestinal function after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods 36 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into group A (n=12), group B (n=12) and group C (n=12). SCI model was established with Allen's mode (10 g×25 mm) at T10. 30 minutes later, group A was intraperitoneally injected with methylprednisolone 30 mg/kg every 24 hours; group B was injected with Shuxuening injection (EGb) 1.75 mg/kg every 24 hours; group C were injected with equal volume of saline. The slow wave of intestinal smooth muscle was measured, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were determined 1 day, 3 days and 7 days after modeling, while intestinal tissue was tested with HE staining. Results The amplitude and frequency of the myoelectric slow wave increased in the groups A and B 3 and 7 days after modeling compared with those in the group C (P<0.05); meanwhile, the activity of SOD increased and content of MDA decreased in the groups A and B (P<0.05). The HE scores decreased in the groups A and B compared with those in the group C (P<0.05), which presented that the inflammatory exudation was mild, the hemorrhagic spot was few and the area was limited. The intestinal villous of the group C was blunt with large infiltration of inflammatory cells and inflammatory exudate on the mucosal surface. Conclusion EGb can improve the recovery of intestinal function in rats spinal cord injury through antioxidant.

To develop a new small molecular probe for discovering an antitumor lead compound from the replacement of carboxylic group of two molecular antibacterial fluoroquinolones with a heterocyclic ring, a series of the C3/C3 bis-fluoroquinolones tethered with an 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole ring were synthesized as their respective HCl salts, and their structures were characterized by elemental analysis and spectral data. The in vitro antitumor activity against L1210, CHO and HL60 cell lines was also evaluated via the respective IC50 values by methylthiazole trazolium (MTT) assay.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; CHO Cells ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Drug Design ; Fluoroquinolones ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; drug effects ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Leukemia L1210 ; pathology ; Molecular Structure ; Oxadiazoles ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship

ObjectiveTo investigate the long-term outcome of urethral reconstruction using colonic mucosa grafts for the treatment of long-segment,complex urethral strictures and to identify clinical factors that impact long-term outcomes. MethodsForty-six patients underwent colonic mucosal graft urethroplasty from October 2000 to September 2009 were retrospectively reviewed.The mean age was 39 years ( range,17 -70).The patients underwent an average of 2.7 prior unsuccessful repairs and the mean length of urethral strictures was 15.2 cm (range,10.0 to 20.0).The voiding status of all patients was evaluated postoperatively.Some of the paitents underwent uroflowmetry.urethrography and urethroscopy.Successful repair was defined as voiding well with urinary peak flow greater than 15 ml/s without the need for any post-operative procedures,such as dilatation. ResultsUrethral reconstruction was done with colonic mucosa grafts 11.0 -21.0 cm long (mean 15.4).One patient was lost to follow-up.Mean follow-up in the remaining cases was 62 months ( range 20 - 120 ).Complications related to urethroplasty developed in four patients (8.9％).Of these patients,meatal stenosis developed in three patients at 3,8 and 24 months respectively.Anastomotic site stricture occurred at the neourethra and proximal urethra in one patient at 29 months.In another two patients,recurrent strictures unrelated to urethroplasty were found. ConclusionsColonic mucosa graft urethroplasty could be an effective technique for the treatment of complex urethral strictures or panurethral strictures.The factors that impact long-term outcomes are meatal stenosis and stenosis at the anastomosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate effects of the variation of immune function in high humidity environment in different time, and lay a foundation for further study of the related mechanism.

METHODThirty SD rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 10): 20 day group, 40 day group in 90% relative humidity chamber and control group in normal relative humidity. Peripheral blood and spleens were collected to detect the levels of T lymphocyte subsets by Flow Cytometery.

RESULTSIn peripheral blood of the 20 day group rats, the CD3+ %, CD4+ %, CD8+ % and CD4+/CD8+ were 52.91 +/- 6.27, 37.80 +/- 4.11, 14.85 +/- 3.73 and 2.72 +/- 0.82 separately. Expect CD3+ %, they all had significant differences (P < 0.05). In addition, the data of the 40 day group rats showed no diversity in statistics. In spleen, CD8+ % of the 20 day group rats was 6.23 +/- 2.87 with significant differences (P < 0.05) and IgG, IgA and IgM did not change a lot in blood serum of the high humidity groups except C3 of the 20 days group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIn high humidity environment, the immune function of the rats increased in the initial stage. As time went on, the immune function gradually went to normal level through the self adjustment.

Objective To provide reliable technical method by identifying referential anatomic landmarks for retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal surgery,with respect to the renal hilum and renal artery.Methods The regional anatomy of the posterior abdominal wall was studied in 35 cases of retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal surgery from January to August 2010.These included 27 cases of renal cancer,6 cases of renal pelvis cancer and 2 cases of renal tuberculosis.Distended the retroperitoneal space using balloon dilation along with sharp and dull dissection.We recorded the forms and positions of the posterior abdominal cavity's anatomical landmarks and evaluated the relationship between each anatomical landmark with respect to the renal hilum and renal artery.Results The perirenal fascia posterior layer and perinephric fat on the renal side were observed,and several anatomical landmarks gradually appeared on the posterior abdominal wall.The diaphragm extended across the upper retroperitoneal space near the superior pole of the kidney,and the psoas major and the quadratus lumborum muscles were located at the lower retroperitoneal space,near the inferior part of the kidney.The intersection of the upper diaphragm muscle with the lower psoas major and quadratus lumborum muscles were bordered by the lateral and medial arcuate ligaments.The lateral arcuate ligament arched across the upper part of quadratus lumborum,while the medial arcuate ligament arched across the upper part of psoas major.The medial arcuate ligament points extended towards the upper border of the renal hilum.These landmarks enable us to locate the position of the kidney,reach the renal hilum and identify the renal vessels in all 35 cases.Conclusions The relative position of the muscles and ligaments of the posterior abdominal wall are consistent and can be clearly seen under retroperitoneoscopy.Based on the position of the diaphragm and psoas major,the kidney can be located.In addition,based on the position of the medial arcuate ligament,the renal hilum and renal artery can be located.Assistance from these anatomical landmarks will simplify the retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal surgery.

Objective To explore the safety and effectiveness of diagnostic ultrasound associated with microbubbles to open the blood brain barrier(BBB).Methods Microbubbles were injected through caudal vein,the rat head was radiated by GE Vivid 7 diagnostic ultrasound immediately.The radiated depth was located in the basal ganglia assisted by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scanning.The degree of BBB opening was evaluated by enhanced MRI and Evans blue dyeing.The safety was inspected by observation of cell morphology under hematoxylin eosin(HE)staining.Results After the rat head radiated by diagnostic ultrasound with microbubbles,signal enhancement of the radiated area was observed on post contrast T1-weighted images.Red fluorescence of Evans blue was detected by fluorescence microscope in the same area.Normal cellular morphology and structural integrity were showed by HE staining.Conclusions The BBB of rat could be opened targetedly and noninvasively by diagnostic ultrasound associated with microbubbles.This may provide a new strategy for the drugs and stem cells treatment in the central nervous system diseases.

Objective To describe the manifestations of the inferior phrenic arteries(IPA)supply to the pulmonary hemorrhagic lesions and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization(TAE)of the IPA.Methods The clinical data and imaging findings of eighteen patients with the additional blood supply to the pulmonary hemorrhagic lesions from the IPA were evaluated retrospectively.The causes of the bleeding were lung malignancies in 9,bronchiectasis in 7,and chronic inflammation in 2 patients.TAE supplementally was performed in patients with IPA supply to the pulmonary lesions,using polyvinyl alcohol particles,gelatin sponge particles,and microcoils.Results Selective arteriogram demonstrates an enlarged IPA,with numerous branches and hypervascularity in all 18 cases, with tumor staining in 9,the contrast material extravasation in 6,and non-specific staining in 2 cases.In addition,IPA-to-pulmonary shunting was found in 9 cases.All the lesions supplying by IPA were adjacent to the pleurae,including adjacent to the diaphragmatic pleura in 11,the mediastinal pleura in 5,and the lateral pleura of the lower lobe in 2 cases.Technical success of IPA embolization was achieved in the 18 cases.Embolization of other nonbronchial systemic arteries(the internal thoracic artery in 7 and intercostal artery in 3)was performed at the same session.All bleeding ceased immediately after supplemental IPA embolization.Follow-up time ranged from 8 months to 4 years.Mild recurrent hemoptysis occurred in 3 patients at 1,2,6 months respectively,after the embolization.These patients were responsive to conservative management.Recurrent bleeding did not occur in 15 patients during the follow-up. Conclusion The pulmonary hemorrhagic lesions,especially adjacent to the diaphragmatic and mediastinal pleurae,can be supplied by IPA,and may result in clinical failure following BAE.Supplemental TAE of IPA is a safe and effective adjunct to BAE in the management of bronchial bleeding supplied by IPA.