Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; drug effects ; Materia Medica ; therapeutic use ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; drug therapy

Stone retropulsion during ureteroscopic lithotripsy is a common troublesome problem for most urologists. Stone retropulsion can result in increase in health care cost and increased operative time. With the popularisation of ureteros?copy, additional procedures to treat residual migrated fragments has drawn more and more attention and research. In recent years, many equipment, devices and techniques are designed to resolve this big puzzle. We reviewed the literatures to sum?mary the strategy for preventing stone retropulsion during ureteroscopic lithotripsy.

Objective To investigate the new method of ureter bladder anastomosis in renal transplantation.Methods The ureter was pulled into bladder for 1.2 cm through tunnel at the lateral- top of bladder wall,and the ureter fixed on the bladder wall by 2-3 acus with catgut suture.Results Forty of 42 patients had no complications,and recovered very well,except for 1 cases of necrosis caused by acute rejection and 1 case on urine leakage caused by catheter obstruction from blood clot.Conclu- sion This method is simple,easy to operate,safe and reliable with less complications.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impacts of biological factors (age and sex) and family factors (socioeconomic status and parenting style) on the early lexical and intellectual development of children in a longitudinal tracking study.

METHODSA total of 38 Mandarin-speaking children aged from 18 to 24 months were surveyed using the Putonghua Chinese Communicative Development Inventory (PCDI), the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), and a self-designed Questionnaire for Parents. All of the subjects were retested using PCDI and ASQ after 6 months.

RESULTSBiological factors accounted for 65% of the variance in lexical development, 10% of which was attributed to gender, in the first survey. After six months, the contribution of age decreased to 26% and gender had no significant impact. Lexical development could positively predict the intellectual development of children. When age and gender were controlled, it accounted for 22% of the variance in intellectual development. Family socioeconomic factors had no significant impacts on lexical and intellectual development. Children's recognition of people and objects around them with guidance of parents in parenting styles could positively predict the intellectual development of children six months later, which accounted for 10% of the variance.

CONCLUSIONSBiological factors play an important role in the early lexical development of children. However, the influence decreases with the increase of age (months). Biological factors, lexical development, and parenting style have a combined influence on children's intellectual development.

Child Development ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Intelligence ; Language ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Parents ; Social Class

Objective To explore the expression characteristics of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor (VEGFR).Methods The 123I-VEGF165 and 123I-VEGF121 were marked to human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC),several human tumor cell lines (HMC-1,A431,KU812,U937,HEP-1,HEP-G2,HEP-3B and Raji),a variety of human tumors and adjacent non-neoplastic tissues as well as peripheral blood cells.Then,the specific binding site maximal binding capacity (Bmax),dissociation constant (Kd) and concentration of 50％ required specific binding (IC5o) were analyzed.The affinity,quantity and specificity of different cells combined with 123I-VEGF165 and 123I-VEGF121 were judged.Results Two kinds of analogous 123I-VEGF165 binding sites on the surface of HUVEC were found.While,there was only one kind of 123I-VEGF121binding site.123I-VEGF121 was found on the special cell lines (HUVEC,HEP-1 and HMC-1) and special early tumors (early melanoma,ductal breast cancer,ovarian cancer and meningioma).Compared with peripheral blood cells and adjacent non-neoplastic tissues,the number of VEGFR of tumor cells was bigger.Among the 123I-VEGF165 marked VEGFR,the Bmax value of early melanoma,ductal breast cancer,hepatocellular carcinoma,papillary thyroid carcinoma,ovarian carcinoma,renal cell carcinoma were 45 ± 13,13 ± 3,25 ±8,5 ±2,42 ± 12,20 ±6,respectively.While among the 123I-VEGF121 marked VEGFR,the Bmax value of early melanoma,ductal breast cancer,ovarian carcinoma were 30 ± 8,8 ± 3,20 ± 6.123I-VEGF165 and 123I-VEGF121 had specific binding capacity with a variety of human tumor cells and tissues.Compared with 123I-VEGF121,there were more different kinds of tumor cells could be bound to 123I-VEGF165 with higher capacity.Conclusion 123I-VEGF165 may be a potential target of tumor imaging in vivo,and it is expected to be used to diagnose and treat tumors.

The history and present status of phytoplasma classification are introduced briefly in this paper.The newly classification methods and rules for the description of Candidatus species are reviewed.The key problems and direction on the classification and identification of phytoplasmas in China are discussed.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the effect of Chinese herbs used by Prof. LI Tao on peripheral blood T subsets in treating multiple sclerosis (MS) by using association rules and statistical methods, thereby providing evidence for optimizing prescriptions.

METHODSData of MS inpatients and outpatients recorded by data collecting system, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences were resorted. The relationship between Chinese herbs and T cell subsets were analyzed using SPSS17.0 and Aprior module in SPSS Clementine 12.0.

RESULTSRadix bupleuri, Radix Paeoniae alba, Fructus Aurantii, Atractylodes, and Radix Glycyrrhizae were most commonly used herbal combinations.Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata and Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae were often added. Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata was associated with decreased Th1 cells (confidence level 83.78%, supportive level 36.26%). Decreased Th1 cell was associated with Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata (confidence level 71.26%, supportive level 36.26%).Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata was obviously associated with decreased Th1 cells. Radix Bupleuri, Radix Paeoniae alba, bitter orange, Atractylodes , Radix glycyrrhizae, and Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata could reduce peripheral blood Th1 subsets of MS patients and elevate Th2 subsets (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe herbal combination of Radix Bupleuri, Radix Paeoniae alba, Fructus Aurantii, Atractylodes, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae, and Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata could lower peripheral blood Th1 cells and elevate Th2 cells, and prevent the relapse of MS possibly by reducing Th1 cells and elevating Th2 cells. Especially Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata played important roles in aforesaid changes of Th1 and Th2.

Aconitum ; chemistry ; Atractylodes ; chemistry ; Bupleurum ; chemistry ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis ; therapy ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Smilacaceae ; chemistry ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; drug effects

OBJECTIVEA study was conducted to investigate the relevant applied technique and clinical value of endoscope-assisted repair of zygomatic arch fracture.

METHODSA total of 10 cases of unilateral zygomatic arch fracture and 8 cases ofunilateral zygomatic fracture were included. Reduction and fixation of the zygomatic arch in all cases were performed via asmall face incision by an endoscope. Endoscope-assisted repair allowed exposure of zygomatic arch fracture and ended the anatomy of the reset. Zygomatic arch was stabilized with titanium plates.

RESULTSSymmetric malar was achieved in allcases after operation. Patients did not show difficulty in opening the mouth. No chewing problems or severe complicationswere evident. This method had the advantage of hidden incision, and it did not leave scars on the face. Postoperative CT examination showed excellent reduction of zygomatic arch fracture and good fixed position of titanium plate.

CONCLUSIONEndoscope-assisted repair of zygomatic arch fracture via a small face incision can be an alternative operation for zygomaticarch fracture. Patients are less traumatized. There are fewer complications. A good reduction of fracture is achieved.

Bone Plates ; Endoscopes ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Facial Bones ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Closed ; surgery ; Humans ; Titanium ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome ; Wound Healing ; Zygoma ; injuries ; Zygomatic Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery

Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral ; pathology ; Sarcoma, Ewing ; pathology

Penetration enhancers are substances to improve the rate or amount of transdermal permeation which is an important factor in transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS). Recent researches have found that some of the new penetration enhancers have a higher penetration-effect, little irritation, fewer adverse reactions, and stable properties. In this article, domestic and foreign research reports on penetration enhancers have been collected and summarized. The research progress of penetration enhancers were reviewed, with a purpose to provide a reference for reasonable selection of penetration enhancers.