It is significant to enhance the doctor-patient communication ability for medical graduates during clinical practice stage and establish appropriate doctor-patient communication sense,which is also important to promote medical education quality and cultivate qualified medical talents.This paper analyzed the common problems in doctor-patient communication for medical graduates.For example,patients did not trust the intern students;the students were nervous when faced with patients;some did not pay attention to their images;some called patients improperly.Then,it put forward some measures:to set up the communication and training courses,to carry out the communication skill training in clinical practice,and to attach importance to the doctor-patient communication skill practice.

Schisandra Chinensis Fructus (SCF) is the fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., a perennial vine. It was first recorded in Shen Nong's herbal classic and has a long application history. Studies have shown that SCF has anti-inflammatory, protective liver, antioxidant, antibacterial and other pharmacological effects. Ancient prescriptions are commonly used in the treatment of chronic diarrhea and other intestinal diseases and diabetes. Modern clinical phar?macology features of SCF polysaccharide (SCFP) in diabetes, liver diseases, enteritis and other aspects have achieved excellent results. Gut is an important digestive organ of human body, but intestinal diseases are varied, including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, intestinal flora imbalance, etc.. It is a chronic and non-specific inflammatory disease. The disease is persisted for a long time and the incidence rate is expected to rise. Most of the symptoms are recurrent diarrhea, bloody stool and abdominal pain. It is considered by the World Health Organization as a refractory disease. At present, there is little possibility of complete cure, which is closely related to complex environmental factors, eating hab?its and heredity. In recent years, clinical studies have found that SCFP has a variety of pharmacological effects on intes?tinal protection.①Reduce inflammatory factors:intestinal mucositis is a common adverse reaction in patients with chemo?therapy. The development of mucositis is related to pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, Interferon-γ(IFN-γ). SCFP can significantly reduce IL-6 TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8, as well as the accumulation of T cells in the process of resisting apoptosis, reduce the inflammatory reaction and protect the dam?age to villi and crypts, improve the symptoms of small intestinal mucositis caused by weight loss and diarrhea. ② Pro?mote immunoglobulin A secretion: intestinal mucosal immunity is the first line of defense of the body's immune system. Its main antibody is secretory immunoglobulin A, which can destroy and phagocytize microorganisms, bacteria and viruses. SCFP can improve intestinal immunity by increasing the number and activity of T lymphocytes, promoting the secre?tion of secretory immunoglobulin A, and affecting the activity of a variety of cytokines. ③ Regulation of intestinal flora:the flora in the intestine has the functions of auxiliary nutrient absorption, biological antagonism and immune regulation, and can form a natural barrier for the host's intestine. When the human intestinal flora is disordered, probiotics will be greatly reduced, harmful bacteria will proliferate and destroy the intestinal environment. Under these conditions, the intake of SCFP significantly increased the number of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacillus, and sig?nificantly decreased the number of conditional pathogens such as enterococcus and escherichia coli, indicating that SCFP can indeed regulate the intestinal disorder caused by lincomycin hydrochloride to a certain extent. This may be because beneficial bacteria in the intestine metabolize polysaccharides produce short chain fatty acids such as lactic acid and acetic acid, which reduces the pH value in the intestine and inhibits the growth of enterococcus and Escherichia coli. In conclusion, SCFP can treat and protect intestinal diseases to a certain extent, which provides a favorable basis for the treatment of intestinal diseases.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of red alga Corallina pilulifera.

METHODCompounds were isolated by normal phase silica gel and Sephadex LH - 20 gel column chromatography, reverse phase HPLC and recrystallization. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC. Cytotoxicity of the compounds was screened by using standard MTT method.

RESULTSeven compounds were isolated from red alga C. pilulifera, their structures were identified as (E) -phytol epoxide (1), phytenal (2), phytol (3), dehydrovomifoliol (4), loliolide (5), 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha, 6alpha-epoxy-7-megastigmene-9-one (6), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (7).

CONCLUSIONAll of the compounds were obtained from this species for the first time. These compounds were inactive (IC50 > 10 microg x mL(-1)) in the MTT assay.

Benzaldehydes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Benzofurans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Humans ; Phytol ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Rhodophyta ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of the red alga Gymnogongrus flabelliformis Harv.

METHODCompounds were isolated by normal phase silica gel and Sephadex LH - 20 gel column chromatography and reverse phase HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR. Cytotoxicity of the compounds was screened by using standard MIT method.

RESULTFive compounds were isolated from G. flabelliforrmis, their structures were identified as(3S, 6R, 7E)-( + )-3-hydroxyl-4, 7-mega-stigmadien-9-one (1), (3S, 5R, 6S, 7E)-(-)-3-hydroxy-5, 6-epoxy-7-megastigmene-9-one (2), (3S, 5S, 6R, 7E)-(+)3-hydroxy-5, 6-epoxy-7-megastigmene-9-one (3), dehydrovomifoliol (4), (3R)-(-)4-[(2R, 4S)-4-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-2, 6, 6-trimethylcyclohexylidene] -3-buten-2-one (5).

CONCLUSIONAll of the compounds were obtained from this species for the first time and compound 1 was a new natural product. These compounds were inactive (IC50 > 10 microg x mL(-1)) in the MTT assay against several human cancer cell lines.

Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Butanols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cyclohexanones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Norisoprenoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Rhodophyta ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents from the branch of Fraxinus sieboldiana, and evaluate their antioxidative activity.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated and purified by chromatographic techniques over silica gel, macroporous adsorbent resin, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC. Structures of the compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by Fe(+2)-cystine induced rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation.

RESULTEight coumarins were obtained and their structures were elucidated as esculin (1) , esculetin (2), fraxin (3), fraxetin (4), 6, 7-di-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylesculetin (5), scopoletin (6), cleomiscosin D (7) and cleomiscosin B (8). At a concentration of 10(-6) mol x L(-1), compound 4 showed antioxidative activity inhibiting Fe(+2)-cystine induced rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation with inhibitory rate of 60%.

CONCLUSIONCompounds 5, 7 and 8 were obtained from the genus Fraxinus for the first time. Compound 4 showed remarkable antioxidative activity, which was higher than that of VE (35%).

Animals ; Antioxidants ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Coumarins ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Fraxinus ; chemistry ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Microsomes, Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Scopoletin ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Umbelliferones ; chemistry ; pharmacology

The co-occurrence of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) and ventricular septal defects is rare. Here we present a case of BRBNS in a 15-year-old boy who was born with multiple cavernous hemangiomas and a ventricular septal defect. Examinations revealed the presence of hemangioma lesions in the subcutaneous and mucosal tissues as well as in the cerebrum, nasopharynx, tongue, esophagus, gastric body, sigmoid colon and adrenal gland. Combined imaging modalities played an important role in the diagnosis of hemangioma lesions.

OBJECTIVETo study the curative effects of close nail-pry reduction and internal fixation with hollow screws for treatment of linguiform calcaneus fracture.

METHODSFrom May 2006 to October 2009,32 patients (35 feet) with linguiform calcaneus fracture were treated by close nail-pry reduction and internal fixation with hollow screws, including 23 males and 9 females ranging in age from 25 to 46 years, with a mean of 37.6 years. According to Paley classification, 3 cases were Paley II a, and 29 cases were Paley II b. All cases were close fractures. The time from injury to operation was 3 to 10 days after most swelling subsided. Böhler angle and Gissane angle were measured by X-ray before and after operation. The therapeutic effect was assessed according to ZHANG Tie-liang's foot score.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed-up for 6 to 18 months, with a mean of 12 months. All fractures gained bone healing. The time of fracture healing averaged 12 months. The fractures healed completely and no infection occurred. According to ZHANG Tie-liang's foot scale, the postoperative function was excellent in 18 feet, good in 10 feet, moderate in 5 feet and poor in 2 feet. The Böhler angle and Gissane angle were significant improved after treatment (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe surgical method of close nail-pry reduction and internal fixation with hollow screws for treatment of linguiform calcaneus fracture can regain the foot function, with minimal injury, fewer complications, earlier recovery and lower costs.

Adult ; Bone Nails ; Bone Screws ; Calcaneus ; injuries ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of the brach of Macaranga adenantha, and evaluate their TNF-alpha inhibitory activity.

METHODThe chemical conshifuents were isolated and purified by chromatographic methods. Structures of the compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods. The TNF-alpha secretion inhibitory activity of the mouse peritoneal macrophages was evaluated by MTT methods.

RESULTTen compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as: cleomiscosin A (1), cleomiscosin B (2), ellagic acid 4-O-alpha-D-rhamnopyranside (3), ellagic acid 4-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (4), vanillic acid (5), (24R) -stigmast-4-en-3-one (6), (24R) -stigmast-3, 6-dione (7), (24R) -6beta-hydroxy-stigmast-4-en-3-one (8), daucosterol (9), beta-sitosteryl glucoside-6'-O-heptadecoicate (10). At a concentration of 10 micromol x L(-1), compounds 1, 3 and 4 showed inhibitory activity to TNF-alpha secretion of the mouse peritoneal macrophages with the inhibitory rates of 57.0%, 64.4%, and 57. 4%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONAll compounds were isolated from genus Macaranga for the first time. Compounds 1, 3, and 4 were active against TNF-alpha secretion of the mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Animals ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Coumarins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Ellagic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Euphorbiaceae ; chemistry ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; cytology ; drug effects ; secretion ; Mice ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

This study was aimed to investigate the quantity and subtypes of dendritic cells (DC) in patients with immune related pancytopenia (IRP) and to explore the role of DC in pathogenesis of IRP. The quantity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC, Lin(-)HLA-DR(+) CD123(+) cells) and myeloid dendritic cells (mDC, Lin(-)HLA-DR(+) CD11c(+)cells) in peripheral blood of 65 patients with IRP (37 new diagnosed and 28 remitted) and 17 healthy controls were analyzed by flow cytometry. The results indicated that the ratio of pDC in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) was (0.91 ± 064)% in new diagnosed group, which was significantly higher than that in remission group (0.39 ± 0.11)% and control group (0.29 ± 0.13)% (P < 0.01), while this ratio of pDC in remission group was higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). The ratio of mDC in PBMNC was (0.21 ± 0.20)% in new diagnosed group and (0.34 ± 0.21)% in remission group respectively, there was no statistical difference as compared with control group (0.29 ± 0.09)% (P > 0.05). The ratio of pDC to mDC in new diagnosed group was 6.75 ± 7.11, which was significantly higher than that in remission group (1.55 ± 0.93) and control group (1.07 ± 0.43, P < 0.01), there was no statistical difference between the ratio of remission group and control group (P > 0.05). The ratio of pDC in PBMNC of IRP group negatively correlated to ratio of Th1/Th2 (r = -0.347, P < 0.05), and positively correlated to the ratio of auto-antibody on membrane of BMMNC (r = 0.606, P < 0.05) and to the quantity of CD5(+)B cells (r = 0.709, P < 0.05), while it negatively correlated to the levels of hemoglobin (r = -0.381, P < 0.01) and platelets (r = -0.343, P < 0.01). The ratio of mDC in PBMNC positively correlated to the ratio of Th1/Th2 (r = 0.595, P < 0.05) and the level of hemoglobin (r = 0.292, P < 0.05). The ratio of pDC/mDC negatively correlated to ratio of Th1/Th2 (r = -0.395, P < 0.05), it positively correlated to the level of antibody on membrane of BMMNC (r = 0.421, P < 0.05) and the quantity of CD5(+)B cells (r = 0.423, P < 0.05), while it negatively correlated to the levels of hemoglobin (r = -0.304, P < 0.05) and platelets (r = -0.287, P < 0.05). It is concluded that the quantity of pDC in peripheral blood of IRP patients increases, which may be related to the immunopathogenesis of IRP.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Cell Count ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; immunology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancytopenia ; blood ; immunology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the function of dendritic cells (DC) of patients with immune related pancytopenia (IRP) and explore the role of DC in IRP.

METHODSThe expression of CD80 and CD86 on myeloid DC (mDC, Lin-HLA-DR(+) CD11c(+) cells) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC, Lin-HLA-DR(+) CD123(+) cells) of 65 IRP (37 untreated and 28 remitted) patients and 17 healthy controls were analyzed by flow cytometry.

RESULTSThe expression of CD86 on pDC was (82.47 ± 13.17)% in untreated group and (60.08 ± 14.29)% in remission group, which were significantly higher than that of controls (47.95 ± 18.59)% (P < 0.05), while the expression in untreated group was higher than that of remission group (P < 0.05). The expression of CD80 on pDC was (6.31 ± 4.49)% in untreated group, which was significantly higher than that of remitted patients (3.09 ± 2.93)% and controls (2.33 ± 2.25)% (P < 0.05). The expression of CD86 on mDC was (97.06 ± 4.82)% in untreated group and (91.35 ± 12.20)% in control group, while the expression in untreated group was higher than that of control group (P < 0.05). The expression of CD80 on mDC was (6.20 ± 5.44)% in untreated group and (3.97 ± 3.24)% in remission group, which were significantly higher than that of controls (1.86 ± 1.73)% (P < 0.05). The expression of CD86 on pDC was negatively correlated to Th1/Th2 (r = -0.733, P < 0.05), it was positively correlated to the antibody on membrane of BMMNC (r = 0.283, P < 0.05) and the quantity of CD5(+)B cells (r = 0.436, P < 0.05), while it was negatively correlated to the level of hemoglobin, platelets and white blood cells (r = -0.539, P < 0.05; r = -0.519, P < 0.05; r = -0.567, P < 0.05, respectively). The expression of CD80 on pDC was negatively correlated to the level of hemoglobin and platelets (r = -0.431, P < 0.05; r = -0.464, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe function of pDC in PB of IRP were strengthened, which was relevant to the immunopathogenesis of IRP.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Autoimmune Diseases ; complications ; B7-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; B7-2 Antigen ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dendritic Cells ; metabolism ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancytopenia ; blood ; etiology ; pathology ; Young Adult