The essential factors of bone tissue engineering include seed cell,growth factor and scaffold material.The biological structure,biological function and preparation method of scaffold material,which is the key component in bone tissue engineering,have attracted our attention.An ideal scaffold material needs to have adequate mechanical strength,appropriate degradation speed,good biocompatibility,satisfactory availability,low price,et al.Common scaffold materials in bone tissue engineering mainly consist of inorganic matter,organic matter and natural derivatives.Silk fibroin which is extracted from silkworm protein fiber contains 18 kinds of amino acids.The glycine,alanine,serine are the main types in silk fibroin and its structure consisted of hydrogen bonding,hydrophobic bonding and crystalline region.Those special structures make it has good flexibility and tensile strength.Silk fibroin has other advantages incluing air permeability,moisture permeability and biodegradation.Besides silk fibroin with curing crystallization of diversification that easy to maintain biological affinity and form a special porous structure.Silk fibroin has good film and gel forming ability.Silk fibroin can bond with some other materials to further improve its physical and chemical properties.Silk fibroin can be formed into porous shape,membranous,gel and composite materials scaffold.The materials scaffold which based on silk fibroin has excellent mechanical performance,adjustable degradation speed,high biocompatibility and good osteogenesis performance,besides capability of loading cells,bioactive factors and drugs.In addition,silk fibroin which can be made into gel scaffold,porous scaffold,electrospinning fiber,and compound scaffold et al has three-dimensional porous and biological function for bone tissue engineering as a new choice and application prospect.

Objective To detect the serum proteomic patterns using SELDI-TOF-MS ProteinChip array technology in gastric cancer,screen biomarker candidates,build diagnostic models and evaluate its clinical significance in early gastric cancer.Methods SELDI-TOF-MS ProteinChip was used to detect the serum proteomic patterns of 40 patients with gastric cancer and 30 healthy people.The diagnostic models were developed and validated by discriminant analysis.Results The model composed by 3 protein peaks 8592m/z、13725m/z and 8678m/z could do the best in the diagnosis of gastric cancer.The specificity and sensitivity of it were 86.5%(26/30)and 90%(36/40)respectively.Conclusions This method show great potential for the early detection,staging before operation and screening novel and better biomarkers to early gastric cancer.

Objective To analyze the incidence,severity and morphologic characteristics of anemia in patients with malignant tumors.Methods Five hundred and thirty hospitalized patients with a primary diagnosis of tumor were enrolled in this study at our hospital from Jan.2009 to Mar.2011.Their hemoglobin (Hb) levels,age,sex,and type of tumor were recorded.Anemia was diagnosed to be present when their Hb on admission was less than 110 g/L Results There were 111 in the 530 patients (20.94％) had anemia on admission.Anemia was seen in 35.3％ of patients with digestive system cancer,in 19.4％ with gynecologic cancers,in 18.3％ withlung cancers,in 6.8％ with urinogenital cancers and 1.8％ with breast cancers.The difference of incidence of anemia in different types of cancers was statistically significant ( x2=44.9785,P ＜ 0.01 ).Grade Ⅰ and Ⅱanemia accounted for 15.66％ ; and grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ accounted for 5.28％ of all.There was no significant difference of incidence of anemia between male and female [ 22.36％ ( 72/322 ) vs.18.75％ ( 39/208 ),x2 =1.0020,P ＞ 0.05 ].The more severe the anemia was,the smaller the erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume was.The rate of anemia was 2.08％ when patients were discharged,and 5.66％ were intervened.Conclusion The incidence of anemia was high in patients hospitalized with tumor,but only a small percent got enough medical care.

Objective To investigate the function of donor-derived dendritic cells (DCs) treated with NF-?B decoy in prolonging murine cardiac allograft survival time.Methods Donor bone marrow- derived DCs were treated with NF-?B decoy in vitro.Heterotopic abdominal heart transplantation was performed from BALB/c to C57BL/6 mice.Recipients were grouped according to different pretreat ments as follows:(1) Control group,infusion of PBS (0.2 ml) alone intravenously via the portal vein 7 days before heart transplantation;(2) CsA group,treated with sub-therapeutic CsA only for 7 days (10 mg?kg~(-1)?day~(-1)) through intraperitoneal injection after transplantation,and the same as control group before transplantation;(3) Control DCs group,infusion of only cultured 5th-day recipient DCs untreated with NF-?B ODN decoy;(4) Treated DCs group,infusion of recipient DCs pretreated with NF-~cB ODN decoy;(5) Combined treatment group,infusion of recipient DCs treated with NF-~cB ODN decoy before transplantation and intraperitoneal injection of sub-therapeutic CsA for 7 days (10 mg?kg~(-1)?day~(-1)) after transplantation;(6) Third party donor group,C3H/HeJ mice used as donor, and recipient (C57BL/6) was treated the same as combined treatment group.Every group had 8 mice and graft survival time was observed.Cytokines (IL-2,INF-?,IL-4 and IL-10) in recipient serums were analyzed by ELISA at 7th day after transplantation.Results The graft mean survival time (MST) in control group,CsA group,Control DCs group,treated DCs group,combined treatment group and third party donor group was 7 days,10.3 days,7.6 days,21.4 days,53.6 days and 9 days,respectively.There was significant difference in MST between treated DCs group and control group or control DCs group (P

Bone Diseases ; complications ; Child ; Facial Paralysis ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Temporal Bone ; pathology

It is generally accepted that the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in the fetus is higher than in the adult, but its structural basis is still not well known. In this paper, an ultrastructural study was performed on the cerebral capillaries of human fetus aged from 5-9 months and some structural parameters were measured. The results were as follows: (1) the endothelial tight junctions were longer and tortuous, and the clefts within the junctions were found and did not show apparent change in all groups; (2) the plasmalemmal vesicles were larger in 5th month than in the 9th month, and the density of vesicles was low (

BACKGROUND: The authors have studied the porosity, pore size, mechanical strength, in vitro biological activity,ectopic osteogenic activity of porous biphasic calcium phosphate enhanced by recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2/silk fibroin sustained-release microsphere (BCP/rBMP-2/SF). However, further investigation on the osteogenic ability of the composite bone graft material is warranted based on a reliable animal model, which will provide experimental data for the clinical application of the composite material in the spinal fusion.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the osteogenic efficacy of BCP/rBMP-2/SF in a sheep lumbar interbody fusion model.METHODS: Sixteen healthy adult sheep were divided into two groups randomly. All sheep were operated on the left extraperitoneal approach and intervertebral discs of L1/2, L3/4, and L5/6 were exposed respectively. Three of the following four materials were randomly implanted into the L1/2, L3/4, and L5/6 of each animal: autologous iliac, BCP/rhBMP-2/SF,BCP/rhBMP-2 or BCP/SF.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The group of BCP/SF/rhBMP-2 achieved a similar fusion rate compared with the group of autologous iliac at 12 and 24 weeks after operation, and they were significantly better than the other two groups. These findings indicate that the novel new artificial bone, BCP/rhBMP-2/SF, can obtain similar lumbar fusion results compared with the autologous iliac. It is expected to be applied to clinical practice in the future by further improving its properties.

Objective To observe the effects of mechanical ventilation with different tidal volumes (Vt) on the pulmonary surfactant in dogs during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and discuss the strategy of mechanical ventilation for CPR.Methods A total of 24 healthy,adult and mongrel canines were randomly (random number) divided into three groups,namely control group (A),low Vt group (B) and high Vt group (C).Canines without ventricular fibrillation in group A were not supported with mechanical ventilation,while canines in group B and group C were induced to get ventricular fibrillation (VF) with pacing catheter inserted through right external carotid vein into the right ventricle.CPR was initiated with mechanical ventilation with different Vt for 6 hours after ventricular fibrillation.The Vt set in group B was 6 ml/kg body weight and Vt set in group C was 20 ml/kg body weight.The arterial blood gas analyses were tested in different intervals.The levels of phosphatidylchline in bronchia alveolus lavage fluid (BALF) was assayed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The ratio of wet and dry weight and the morphological change scores of lung tissue were calculated.Results After ventricular fibrillation,pH,PaO2 in both groups B and C decreased and PaCO2 increased in comparison with those before VF (P ＜ 0.05),while pH,PaO2 and PaCO2 were improved after mechanical ventilation.These was statistical difference in PaCO2 between group B and group C 2 h after mechanical ventilation (P ＜ 0.05).There was difference in HCO3-between group B and group C 6 h after ROSC.The rate of successful restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and the 72 h survival rate were 75％ and 50％ respectively in group B,and 62.5％ and 40％ respectively in group C.There were no statistically different between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The levels of phosphatidylchline in BALF of group B and C greatly decreased compared with the group A (All P ＜0.01),while phosphatidylcholine detected in the group C decreased much more than that in the group B (P ＜0.01).The W/D ratio and morphological change scores in the group C were higher than those in the group B (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Low tidal volume ventilation can reduce the loss of pulmonary surfactant and mitigate pulmonary injury.Therefore it may be a protective ventilation strategy after resuscitation.

Objective To investigate the effects of exercise training intervention on the expressions of TNF-α and adiponectin in circulation and tissues of high-fat/high-sucrose diet-induced insulin resistance rats. Methods 29 S-D rats were random divided into 2 groups: Control group (9 rats) and high-fat/high-sucrose diet group (20 rats). After fed for 6 weeks, 18 rats with insulin resistance were random divided into 2 groups: model group ( n = 9) and exercise group ( n = 9). After 6 weeks intervention, serum TNF-α and adiponectin concentration were measured by radioimmunity assay and ELISA respectively, while TNF-α and adiponectin mRNA expressions in liver and skeletal muscle were measured by RT-PCR. Results Fasting plasma glucose(FPG) and fasting serum insulin(FINS) levels increased significantly and insulin sensitivity index(ISI) decreased significantly in rats of model group than those in control group(7.49 ± 1.13 vs 5.06±0.38, 33.57 ±4.87 vs 13.61±2.94, -5.51±0.16 vs -4.21 ±0.22, all P <0.05). Serum TNF-α concentration was significantly higher than those in control group, while serum adiponectin concentration was significantly lower. (3.03 ± 0. 50 vs 2. 39 ± 0. 44, 0. 77 ± 0. 09 vs 0. 86 ± 0. 08, all P < 0. 05 ).Expressions of TNF-α mRNA in liver and skeletal muscle increased significantly and adiponectin mRNA expression significantly decreased in rats of model group compared to those in control group (0. 66 ± 0. 19 vs 0. 05 ± 0. 03, 1.15 ± 0. 20 vs 0. 25 ± 0. 10, 0. 25 ± 0. 10 vs 0. 85 ± 0. 13, all P < 0. 01 ). Fasting plasma glucose(FPG) and fasting serum insulin(FINS) levels decreased significantly and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) increased significantly in rats of exercise group than those in model group(5.77 ± 1.17 vs 7.49 ±1.13, 25.69 ±4.27 vs 33.57 ±4. 87, -5. 10 ±0.31 vs -5.51 ±0. 16, all P <0.05) ;Serum TNF-α concentration was significantly lower and serum adiponectin concentration was significantly higher in rats of exercise group than those in model group ( 2.40 ± 0. 59 vs 3.03 ± 0. 50, 0. 86 ± 0. 10 vs 0. 77 ± 0. 09, all P < 0. 05); Expressions of TNF-α mRNA in liver and skeletal muscle decreased significantly and adiponectin mRNA expression increased significantly in rats of exercise group compared to those in model group (0. 21±0. 10 vs 0.66±0. 19, 0.49 ±0. 17 vs 1.15 ±0.20, 0.97 ±0.20 vs 0. 25 ±0. 10, all P <0.01). Conclusion Exercise training can significantly improve insulin resistance, which may be through modulating the expressions of TNF-α and adiponectin.

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors of low-and undifferentiated gastric cancer with negative metastasis of lymph nodes.Methods The clinicopathological data of 270 patients with low-and undifferentiated gastric cancer and negative metastasis of lymph nodes who were admitted to the Tianjin Cancer Hospital from January 2002 to December 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients received radical gastrectomy.One hundred and sixty-one patients had the number of lymph nodes dissected under 15,53 patients had 15-20 lymph nodes dissected,33 had 21-30 lymph nodes dissected and 23 patients with the number of lymph nodes dissected more than 30.Patients were followed up via out-patient examination,phone call and mail till October 2013.The prognosis analysis was done by COX step-wise regression.The survival curve was drawn by KaplanMeier method,and the survival was analyzed using the Log-rank test.Results All the patients were followed up for a median time of 63 months (range,2-103 months).The median survival time was 63 months (range,2-103 months),and the 1-,3-,5-year overall survival rates were 93.0％,69.5％ and 58.5％,respectively.The median survival time of the 161 patients with the number of lymph nodes dissected under 15 was 58 months (range,2-103 months),and the 1-,3-,5-year survival rates were 91.4％,59.3％ and 48.8％,respectively.The median survival time of the 53 patients with the number of lymph nodes dissected between 15 and 20 was 68 months (range,4-95 months),and the 1-,3-,5-year survival rates were 94.3％,84.9％ and 71.7％,respectively.The median survival time of the 33 patients with the number of lymph nodes dissected between 21 and 30 was 68 months (range,34-94 months),and the 1-,3-,5-year survival rates were 100.0％,97.0％ and 87.9％,respectively.The median survival time of the 23 patients with the number of lymph nodes dissected more than 30 was 60 months (range,2-84 months),and the 1-,3-,5-year survival rates were 87.5％,62.5％ and 54.2％,respectively.There was significant difference in the prognosis between the 4 groups (x2 =25.077,P ＜ 0.05).There was significant difference in the prognosis between patients who had 21-30 lymph nodes resected and those had 15-20 lymph nodes resected (x2=3.924,P ＜0.05).Significant difference was also observed in the prognosis between patients who had 15-20 lymph nodes resected and those had more than 30 lymph nodes resected (x2=4.454,P ＜ 0.05),while no significant difference was observed in the prognosis between patients who had lymph nodes resected more than 30 and those had lymph nodes resected less than 15 (x2=0.450,P ＞0.05).The results of univariate analysis showed that gender,age,location and diameter of the tumor,serosal invasion,Borrmann classification,range of gastric resection and the number of lymph nodes dissected were factors influencing the prognosis of patients with low-and undifferentiated gastric cancer and with negative metastasis of lymph nodes (x2 =4.143,12.607,23.665,11.549,26.350,8.059,5.222,25.077,P ＜0.05).The results of multivariate analysis showed that the tumor diameter longer than 5 cm and serosal invasion were the independent factors influencing the prognosis of patients with low-and undifferentiated gastric cancer and with negative metastasis of lymph nodes (HR =1.842,3.084,95％ confidence interval:1.286-2.638,1.956-4.861,P ＜ 0.05).Lymph nodes dissected for 21-30 was the protective factor of prognosis (HR =1.533,95％ confidence interval:1.229-2.248,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Lymph nodes dissected for 21-30 during radical gastrectomy may improve the long-term survival of patients.The tumor diameter longer than 5 cm,serosal invasion and the number of lymph nodes dissected (less than 15,15-20 and more than 30) were the independent factors influencing the prognosis of patients with low-and undifferentiated gastric cancer and with negative metastasis of lymph nodes.