No abstract available.
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Electrophoresis* ; Genes, ras* ; Humans* ; Point Mutation* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

No abstract available.
Amyloidosis*

PURPOSE: This study was undertaker in order to develop and characterize a new murine renal cell carcinoma(RCC) model which may be closely analogous to the human RCC and which may serve as a basis for the evaluation of new therapeutic modalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The tumor being investigated, Rag cell line, arose spont- aneously as a renal adenocarcinoma in an inbred Balb/c mouse. Tumor cells were injected into subrenal capsule and injected intravenously and intraperitoneally to induce tumors. Among the orthotopically inoculated animals, some were performed a nephrectomy to mimic the situation mostly often encountered in the human. RESULTS: 1 Tumors were transferred to all animals where inoculated into subrenal capsule. 2. The growth rates of tumor-bearing mice were retarded compared to control mice. 3. Tumors grew exponentially when inoculated into subrenal capsule. The doubling time of tumor was approximately 13 days. 4. Spontaneous lung metastasis could be better induced in the subrenal capsule model(80%). Higher rate of lung metastasis was obtained by intravenous inoculation of tumor cells(85.7%). 5. After nephrectomy performed on 14 days following subrenal capsular Inoculation of tumor cells, lung metastasis developed spontaneously in 80% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: The behavior of Rag tumor following subrenal capsular inoculation mimics that of human RCC from the viewpoint of the formation of primary tumor mass on the kidney followed by the development of spontaneous metastases. This model can be used for the evaluation of the therapeutic erects both on the primary tumor as well as on the metastatic disease.
Adenocarcinoma ; Animals* ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Kidney ; Lung ; Mice ; Models, Animal* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nephrectomy

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using intermittent androgen deprivation(IAD) in patients with prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 29 patients treated with IAD for prostate cancer. Androgen deprivation with goserelin and flutamide was continued for at least 4 months after serum prostate specific antigen(PSA) became undetectable or a nadir level was reached. Medication was then discontinued until serum PSA reached a predetermined level. This cycle of treatment was repeated until there was evidence of androgen independence. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients completed the on-treatment during cycle 1, with a median time to PSA nadir of 3 months. Nine patients completed cycle 1 with a median time of off-treatment of 11 months(38% of a treatment cycle). Eight patients continued the off-treatment during cycle 1 for 1+ to 8+ months. During cycle 2, 3 patients achieved a PSA nadir in a median time of 3.5 months. While off treatment, most patients reported reduction of symptoms associated with androgen suppression. CONCLUSIONS: IAD is a feasible alternative for continuous androgen deprivation for treatment of prostate cancer. It also results in the reducion of toxicity, cost of treatment, and possibly a delay in tumor progression.
Flutamide* ; Goserelin* ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Pilot Projects* ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: To evaluate CT findings for the differential diagnosis of mechanical bowel obstruction and paralytic ileus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Without information relating to clinical or operative findings, we retrospectively analyzed the CT scans of 24 patients with mechanical bowel obstruction and 19 patients with paralytic ileus. Final diagnosis was confirmed by operation (n=26), or by clinical symptoms, radiologic findings and follow-up study CT findings were obtained : 1) the diameter of the most dilated part of the small bowel, and the thickness and enhancing pattern of the dilated small bowel wall; 2) the diameter of the most dilated part of the descending colon and the ratio of the diameter of the small bowel to that of the descending colon; 3) the number of transitional zones, length and thickness. and 4) associated ascites and its location. RESULTS: The mean diameters of the most dilated part of the small bowel in mechanical bowel obstruction and paralytic ileus were 3.6cm and 2.9cm, respectively. The diameter of the small bowel in mechanical bowel obstruction was significantly greater than in paralytic ileus(p< .05). The mean thickness of dilated small bowel wall was 4.0mm in mechanical bowel obstruction and 2.4mm in paralytic ielus, and target-like enhancement was prominent in mechanical bowel obstruction (46%) (p< .05). he mean diameter of the most dilated part of the descending colon was not significantly different to that of the most dilated part of the small bowel, but the ratio of the diameter of the small bowel to that of the colon was 2.9 in mechanical bowel obstruction and 1.9 in paralytic ileus, respectively, which was statistically significant (p< .05). A transitional zone was seen in 23 cases (96%) of mechanical bowel obstruction and in nine (47%) of paralytic ileus. In mechanical bowel obstruction, mean transitional zone length was 2cm, shorter than that of paralytic ileus (3.4cm) (p< .05) The thickness of transitional zone and the presence of ascites and its locations were not significantly different between mechanical bowel obstrction and paralytic ileus. CONCLUSION: In the differential diagnosis of mechanical bowel obstruction and paralytic ileus, the following CT findings were considered useful : diameter of the most dilated part of the small bowel ; thickness and target-like enhancing pattern of dilated small bowel wall ; ratio of the diameter of the small bowel to that of the descending colon ; and the number of transitional zones, and their length.
Ascites ; Colon ; Colon, Descending ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: To determine through an analysis of the location of pleural effusion associated with ascites, as seen on abdominal CT scan, differences in the distribution of pleural effusion according to the etiology and distribution of ascites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 77 consecutive patients in whom abdominal CT scan revealed pleural effusion associated with ascites. Patients with history of surgery or trauma and those with clinically and radiologically diagnosed lung or pleural diseases were excluded. We compared the location of pleural effusion with the etiology and distribution of ascites. RESULTS: Forty-two patients were suffering from hepatobiliary diseases, mainly right dominant pleural effusion (26/42, 62%). Fourteen had intraperitoneal carcinomatosis with no significant difference between the frequency of right dominant (5/14, 36%)and of left dominant (6/14, 43%) pleural effusion. Eleven patients had pancreatic diseases, with mainly left dominant pleural effusion (6/11, 55%). Patients with right dominant ascites usually had right dominant pleural effusion (22/24, 92%) and those with left dominant ascites had left dominant pleural effusion (9/10, 90%). CONCLUSION: Ascites-associated pleural effusion correlated with the anatomical location of the etiology of ascites ; its laterality was, in addition, usually the same as that of ascites.
Ascites* ; Carcinoma ; Humans ; Lung ; Pancreatic Diseases ; Pleural Diseases ; Pleural Effusion* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Practice guidelines from international societies have recommended cholecystectomy during the same hospitalization for acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP). The aim of this study is to investigate the question of whether endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and/or cholecystectomy during the same hospitalization can reduce the recurrence rate of ABP. METHODS: A total of 119 patients with ABP admitted to our institution between May 2005 and May 2010 who had complete follow-up data until May 2012 were enrolled. RESULTS: No significant differences in initial CT severity index and Charlson comorbidity index were observed between EST (n=64) and non-EST group (n=55) and among subgroups classified according to interventions performed. In Kaplan-Meier analyses, significantly higher recurrence rates of ABP were observed in the non-EST group compared to the EST group (p<0.01), and in the conservative treatment group compared to other intervention groups (p<0.01). The frequency of complications from ABP was significantly higher in the conservative treatment group (35.7%) and lowest in the EST plus cholecystectomy group (5.0%, p=0.008). In multivariate analysis, conservative treatment without EST and/or cholecystectomy, and non-EST group were independent risk factors for recurrence after the initial attack of ABP. CONCLUSIONS: ERCP with EST and cholecystectomy during the index admission is associated with reduced recurrence rates of ABP.
Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Pancreatitis/*pathology/surgery ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to establish, using computed tomography, the normal thickness of thepericardium in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT scans of 50 patients, including sections through the level of theheart, were reviewed. Patients were excluded if there were any suspicions of pericardial abnormality such asinfectious or neoplastic diseases. Twenty-four of the 50 were men and 26 were women; their mean age was 47.0(range,18-76) years. We measured pericardial thickness at the level of the right ventricle, interventricularseptum and left ventricle, and also compared pericardial thickness in terms of age and sex. RESULTS: In allpatients, the pericardium was observed in the right ventricular region; in 41 (82%) at the interventricularseptum; and in 41 (82%) along the left ventricle. The mean thickness of normal pericardium at the level of theright ventricle, interventricular septum, and left ventricle was 1.8 mm +/- 0.5 mm, 1.8 mm +/- 0.4 mm, and 1.7 mm +/-0.5 mm, respectively. No statistically significant correlation was apparent between pericardial thickness and agegroup (p > 0.63, ANOVA test). Mean pericardial thickness was 1.9 mm +/- 0.6 mm in males and 1.7 mm +/- 0.4 mm in females; thus, no statistically significant correlation was apparent between pericardial thickness and sex (p >0.29, Student's t-test). CONCLUSION: The pericardium was best visualized in sections through the right ventricle.The mean thickness of normal pericardium was 1.8 mm +/- 0.5 mm and pericardial thickness did not differ accordingto age or sex.
Adult* ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Male ; Pericardium ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Clinical characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who developed genotypic resistance to entecavir (ETV) were compared to those without resistance. METHODS: Two hundred fifty eight CHB patients who underwent ETV treatment in our institution from July 2007 to May 2013 were included. RESULTS: Eight (3.1%) patients developed genotypic resistance to ETV during the follow-up period. The patterns of genotypic resistance to ETV were as follows: L180M + M204V + S202G (n=3); M204I + V173M (n=1); I169V + V173M (n=1); L180M + M204V + V173L (n=1); L180M + M204V + V173L + M250V (n=1); M204I + V214A + P237H (n=1). The cumulative occurrence rates of genotypic resistance to ETV were not significantly different between CHB patients with prior nucleos(t)tide analogues (NA) exposure (NA experienced, n=56) and NA naïve patients (n=202, P=0.823 by log rank comparison). Older age, higher baseline log10hepatitis B virus-deoxynucleic acid (log10HBV-DNA), higher log10HBV-DNA at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after baseline, and complete virologic response (CVR, undetectable serum HBV-DNA by polymerase chain reaction 6 months after ETV treatment) were significant contributors to the development of genotypic resistance to ETV. Multivariate analyses showed higher log10HBV-DNA 6 months after baseline and absence of CVR were independent and significant contributors to the development of ETV resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical characteristics of patients who developed ETV resistance were higher log10HBV-DNA 6 months after baseline and absence of CVR during the ETV treatment.
Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; Hepatitis B, Chronic* ; Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

PURPOSE: Ultrasound(US) findings of hyperechoic renal medulla in gouty nephropathy were compared with clinical features such as serum uric acid level to evaluate its usefulness in determination of the treatment and prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of US of 36 cases of gouty arthritis was classified into four groups according to the medullary echogenicity (O:normal, grade 1 :renal medulla as isoechoic as renal cortex, grade 2'heterogeneous increased echogenicity of renal medulla than that of renal cortex, grade 3 :the echogenicity of all renal medulla higher than that of renal cortex with renal contour deformity) which were compared with the serum urate level and associated conditions. Nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis were analyzed through the KUB and the RGP. RESULTS: The degree of hyperechoic renal medulla was related to the level of serum uric acid, and in group IV, six cases of obstructive uropathy (nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis) showed deformed renal contour. Associated conditions such as hypertension, alcoholism, diabetes mellitus and drug abuse were distributed in relation to the degree of hyperechoic renal medullas. CONCLUSION: US findings of hyperechoic renal medulla was related with uric acid level in gouty nephropathy and thus could be valuable for treatment decision and prediction of prognosis.
Alcoholism ; Arthritis, Gouty ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Hypertension ; Nephrocalcinosis ; Nephrolithiasis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Ultrasonography* ; Uric Acid