Glycyrrhizic acid, as the main active ingredient of Glycyrrhiza, has anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitussive, expectorant, immunomodulatory and other pharmacological effects. In recent years, many new clinical uses of glycyrrhizic acid have been found, and glycyrrhizic acid has an effect on human and animal cytochrome P 450. This paper summarizes the clinical application of glycyrrhizic acid and its effect on cytochrome P 450, providing reference for clinical rational use of glycyrrhizic acid preparation.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the interventional techniques for emergent treatment of iatrogenic renal injuries.Methods Nine patients with iatrogenic renal vascular injuries were treated with superselective renal arterial embolization.The causes of renal injury included post-renal biopsy in 5 patients,endovascular interventional procedure-related in 2,post-renal surgery in 1,and post-percutaneous nephrostomy in 1 patient.The patients presented clinically with hemodynamical unstability with blood loss shock in 7 patienrs,severe flank pain in 7,and hematuria in 8 patients.Perirenal hematoma was confirmed in 8 patients by CT and ultrasonography.The embolization materials used were microcoils in 7 and standard stainless steel coils in 2 patients,associated with polyvinyl alcohol particles(PVA)in 5,and gelfoam panicles in 2 cases.Results Renal angiogram revealed intra-renal arteriovenous fistula in 6 cases,intrarenal pseudoaneurysm in 2 cases,and the contrast media extravasation in 1 patient.The technical success of the arterial embolization was achieved in all 9 cases within a single session.All angiographies documented complete obliteration of the abnormal vessels together with all major intrarenal arterial branches maintaining patent.Seven patients with hemodynamically compromise experienced immediate relief of their blood loss related symptoms,and another 7 with severe flank pain got relief progressively.Hematuria ceased in 8 patients within 2-14 days after the embolization and impairment of renal function occurred after the procedure in 5 cases,including transient aggrevation(n=3)and developed new renal dysfunction(n=2).Two of these patients required hemodialysis.Perirenal hematoma were gradually absorbed on ultrasonography during 2-4 months after the procedures.Follow-up time ranged from 6-78 months(mean,38 months),4 patients died of other primary diseases of renal and multi-organ failures.Five patients are still alive without further intervention,and suffering no more of rebleeding and deterioration of renal function.Conclusions Transcatheter selective renal arterial embolization is safe and effective in the treatment of iatrogenic renal vascular injuries,resulting in permanent cessation of bleeding.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16:807-810)

Objective To describe the manifestations of the inferior phrenic arteries(IPA)supply to the pulmonary hemorrhagic lesions and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization(TAE)of the IPA.Methods The clinical data and imaging findings of eighteen patients with the additional blood supply to the pulmonary hemorrhagic lesions from the IPA were evaluated retrospectively.The causes of the bleeding were lung malignancies in 9,bronchiectasis in 7,and chronic inflammation in 2 patients.TAE supplementally was performed in patients with IPA supply to the pulmonary lesions,using polyvinyl alcohol particles,gelatin sponge particles,and microcoils.Results Selective arteriogram demonstrates an enlarged IPA,with numerous branches and hypervascularity in all 18 cases, with tumor staining in 9,the contrast material extravasation in 6,and non-specific staining in 2 cases.In addition,IPA-to-pulmonary shunting was found in 9 cases.All the lesions supplying by IPA were adjacent to the pleurae,including adjacent to the diaphragmatic pleura in 11,the mediastinal pleura in 5,and the lateral pleura of the lower lobe in 2 cases.Technical success of IPA embolization was achieved in the 18 cases.Embolization of other nonbronchial systemic arteries(the internal thoracic artery in 7 and intercostal artery in 3)was performed at the same session.All bleeding ceased immediately after supplemental IPA embolization.Follow-up time ranged from 8 months to 4 years.Mild recurrent hemoptysis occurred in 3 patients at 1,2,6 months respectively,after the embolization.These patients were responsive to conservative management.Recurrent bleeding did not occur in 15 patients during the follow-up. Conclusion The pulmonary hemorrhagic lesions,especially adjacent to the diaphragmatic and mediastinal pleurae,can be supplied by IPA,and may result in clinical failure following BAE.Supplemental TAE of IPA is a safe and effective adjunct to BAE in the management of bronchial bleeding supplied by IPA.

One hundred and fifty two actinomycetes were isolated from forty two radiation-polluted soil samples,using six different isolation media. Sixty cultures were chosen for 16S rRNA gene sequence and systematic analysis,which based on their morphology and ARDRA. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequences blasting showed that the strains were assigned to 12 recognized genera of actinomycetes,most of them fall within Streptomyces genus and a great deal of strains belonged to rare actinomycetes,which indicated a rich diversity of actinomycetes in the radiation-polluted soil.

?AIM:To analyze the clinical features of Terrien marginal degeneration ( TMD) .?METHODS:Fifty-six patients(90 eyes) admitted in our hospital from January 2013 to January 2015 were selected as observation group.At the same period, 56 healthy (88 eyes) for corneal examination were as control group to analyze the clinical features of TMD. With immunohistochemistry and enzyme linked immunoassay method ( ELISA), the levels of HLA-DR, HLA-DQ and tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) in blood samples of TMD patients were tested.?RESULTS:The transparent degree of the eye, lipid deposition in TMD patients with early, advanced, swelling and hole-wearing period were significantly different (χ2=10.85,χ2=65.32, P<0.05).Astigmatism in TMD patients with early and advanced, swelling and hole -wearing period were significantly different (P<0.05).The levels of HLA-DR, HLA-DQ and TNF-αin blood samples between the two groups were significantly different ( t=45.326, t=23.564, t=19.86, P<0.05).?CONCLUSION: Terrien's marginal degenerative is an inflammatory disease characterized by increased levels of TNF-α, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DR in peripheral blood, decreased corneal transparency, astigmatism and lipid deposition.This research provides experiment evidence for the mechanism of TMD.

OBJECTIVETo prepare the monoclonal antibody (mAb) against tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases I (TIMP-I) fusion protein.

METHODSTIMP-I gene was amplified from fibrotic human liver tissue by RT-PCR, then ligated with pQE31 to form recombinant plasmid pQE-TIMP-I and transformed into E. coli BL21. The protein induced by IPTG was purified by 6 x His-tag and used to immunize the BALB/c mice. The specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were prepared by the cell fusion technique. Western Blot were used to detect specificity of mAbs.

RESULTSThe prokaryotic plasmid expressing the recombinant protein was constructed, and the TIMP-I recombinant protein was expressed and purified. Four hybridoma cell lines that secreted anti-TIMP-I mAbs were obtained. 3 of 4 mAbs were the IgG1 subtype. Western Blot indicated the mAbs showed specific combination with TIMP-I protein.

CONCLUSIONThe TIMP-I recombinant protein is highly purified and has strong antigenicity. The anti- TIMP-I mAbs were prepared successfully.

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; immunology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; genetics ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the method and effect of treatment of complex scapular body fractures by locking reconstructive plate through modified posterior approach.

METHODSFrom August 2005 to November 2009, 27 patients with complex scapula body fractures were treated by locking reconstruction bone plate fixation,including 19 males and 8 females with an average age of 36 years old ranging from 16 to 64 years. The time after injury was 0.5 hours to 11 days (averaged 3 days). Of all the patients, 9 cases were associated with ipsilateral clavicle fracture, 2 cases were associated with acromioclavicular joint dislocation,16 cases were associated with multiple rib fractures, 1 case were associated with humeral shaft fractures, 5 cases were associated with pleural effusion, atelectasis, lung contusion etc. After operating,shoulder functional recovery were followed up.

RESULTSTwenty-four patients were followed up from 2 to 35 months with an average of 19 months. According to Hardegger shoulder function,the results were excellent in 15 cases, good in 7 cases, general in 2 cases.

CONCLUSIONThis method had the advantage of less trauma and clear exposure, firm and reliable fixation, and early activities.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; instrumentation ; Recovery of Function ; Scapula ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: The effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) during traumatic brain injury (TBI) and whether it can modulate secondary injury has not been reported previously. The present study evaluated the potential protective effects of ventricular infusion of PACAP in a rat model of TBI. METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups (n=6, each): sham-operated, vehicle (normal saline)+TBI, and PACAP+TBI. Normal saline or PACAP (1g/5L) was administered intracerebroventricularly 20 minutes before TBI. Right parietal cortical contusion was produced via a weight-dropping method. Brains were extracted 24 hours after trauma. Histological changes in brains were examined by HE staining. The numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in blood and the spleen were detected via flow cytometry. RESULTS: In injured brain regions, edema, hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and swollen and degenerated neurons were observed under a light microscope, and the neurons were disorderly arrayed in the hippocampi. Compared to the sham group, average CD4+ CD8– lymphocyte counts in blood and the spleen were significantly decreased in rats that received TBI+vehicle, and CD4– CD8+ were increased. In rats administered PACAP prior to TBI, damage was attenuated as evidenced by significantly increased CD4+, and decreased CD8+, T lymphocytes in blood and the spleen. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with PACAP may protect against TBI by influencing periphery T cellular immune function.

Objective To explore the feasibility of evaluating the lung function by MSCT in emphysema.Methods The MSCT scan and pulmonary function tests(PFF)were respectively performed in 147 receptors within one week.They were randomly divided into 2 groups:group A(120 receptors), including normal,mild,moderate and severe abnormal pulmonary function based on the PFT,for comparing the correlation between pulmonary quantitative indexes of MSCT pulmonary function and PFT and settingup the primary grade criteria of abnormal pulmonary function in emphysema,group B(27 receptors)for evaluating the diagnostic accuracy in group A.The total lung was respectively scanned at the full inspiration and full expiration with MSCT.The pulmonary quantitative indexes of MSCT were measured with Siemens Pulmo pulmonary quantitative software.Results There was correlation between pulmonary quantitative indexes of MSCT and PFF.The Piex/in_(-910)showed best correlation with FEV_1%(r=-0.905,P

Objective To study the exact function of human gene 5 transactivated by pre-S1 protein of hepatitis B virus(PS1TP5)by investigating the gene expression of PS1TP5 in yeast cells. Methods Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was performed to amplify the gene of PS1TP5 using the mRNA of HepG2 cells as template and the gene was cloned into pGEM-T vector.The gene of PS1TP5 was cut from pGEM-T-PS1TP5 vector and cloned into yeast expressive plasmid pGBKT7,then pGBKT7-PS1TP5 was transformed into yeast cell AH109.The yeast protein was isolated and analyzed with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) and Western hybridization.Results PS1TP5 gene was successfully amplified and identified by DNA sequencing.The digested fragment was cloned into pGBKT7 vector and transformed into yeast cell AH109.The results of SDS-PAGE and Western assay showed that the relative molecular weight of the expressed product was about 36 950,and PS1TP5 protein existed in yeast cells.Conclusion The findings suggest that PS1TP5 can be successfully expressed in yeast cell.