Objective To investigate the clinical value of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT)in the diagnosis of focal pulmonary ground-glass opacity nodules(fGGO)of 1 cm or less.Methods The MSCT examination data of 95 patients with subcentimeter fGGO was analyzed and compared with pathology results.The different pathological types of fGGP lesion size,internal solid component size,mixed type ground glass nodules (mGGO)proportion and pleural sag,lesion shape,grave leaves,burr,cavitation and the boundary conditions were compared. According to the relationship of the lesions and the surrounding blood vessels,3 types were classified,and the relationship of fGGO and blood vessel were analyzed.Results The minimal lesion was 0.41 cm of 95 cases and the maximum was 0.99 cm.There was statistically signifi-cant difference in the lesion size,solid component sizes,mGGO and lobulation occupied the percentage of the group before infiltrating and the adenocarcinoma group (P <0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference in pleural indentation,lesion shape,burr,vacuoles and boundary conditions (P >0.05).The difference was statistically significant in the leaflet occupied the percentage of the benign group com-pared with the adenocarcinoma group,and the differences of the remaining features were not statistically significant compared with the adeno-carcinoma group(P >0.05).According to the relstionship between fGGO and the vessels,patients in the benign group were type Ⅰ or typeⅡ,type Ⅲ was found in 10 cases of the group before infiltrating (25.6%),and type Ⅲ in 17 cases of the adenocarcinoma group (39.5%), the proportion of type Ⅲ of the group before infiltrating and the adenocarcinoma group was higher than that of the benign group (P <0.05). Conclusion The qualitative diagnosis of pulmonary fGGO is difficult,and the relationship between the morphology of the lesions under the MSCT and the surrounding vessels have some value for the diagnosis of the lesions.

The incidence of breast tumors has increasing trend year by year recently.Ultrasound has become a main means of screening and diagnosis in breast tumors for its lack of radiation,harmlessness to op- erator and patient,convenience and repeatrbility.Grey-scale uhrasonography,color doppler flow imaging,col- or doppler energy contrast enhanced ultrasonogrphy,3-D ultrasonography,elastomography,ultrasound-guided biopsy are main methods for both detection and differentiation in breast tumors.The purpose of this paper is to review the applications of these techniques in breast tumors diagnosis.

Adenoma, Acidophil ; metabolism ; Adult ; Angiomyolipoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; metabolism ; Codon ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Exons ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gene Deletion ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Melanoma-Specific Antigens ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the typical features of contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging in malignant lymphoma after treatment with integrated Chinese and Western medicine.

METHODSTen patients with malignant lymphoma after different treatment cycles were examined with contrast-enhanced sonography, including 21 lymphnodes (in the neck, space of iliac blood vessels, retroperitoneum) and 7 spleen infiltrations.

RESULTSThe blood flow pattern distribution in lymph node before freatment was significantly different from that after trentment showed either by color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) or by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS, P < 0.05), and the difference in splenic lesion was shown by CEUS (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONContrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging is a valuable tool for the follow-ups of malignant lymphoma after chemotherapy and guiding subsequent treatment.

Objective To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma. Methods A retrospective study of clinical characteristics and imaging findings of pathologically proved cystic lymphangiomas in 7 adults (2 males and 5 females;mean age,51 years) was conducted,and comparisons were made between these findings and operative and pathological results.All the patients presented no special clinical manifestation.Ultrasonography and CT scan showed smoothly margined cystic masses ranging from 6 cm?7 cm to 20 cm?21 cm;some of them had septums, and the walls and septums could be partially enhanced. Preoperative definite diagnosis was made in only 1 case by CT-guided percutaneous catheter drainage of the lymphangioma; while the others were misdiagnosed as abdominal cavity cysts(2 cases)and retroperitoneal space-occupying cystic lesions(4 cases). Results Complete extirpation was performed in 6 cases,and subtotal cystectomy,in 1 case because of the liver and pancreas involvement by the tumor.Postoperatively,all the lesions were pathologically proved to be retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma.There was no recurrence during the follow-up of 9 months to 10 years,except for 1 case undergoing subtotal cystectomy who had local recurrence 5 months after operation. Conclusions Ultrasonography and CT are the most useful imaging modality for locating the site and determining the nature of lymphangioma . Surgical excision is the first choice for the treatment.

Objective To evaluate the differential diagnosis value of enhanced multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) scan on adrenal adenoma and metastases in patients with malignant tumor.Methods Thirty-nine malignant tumor patients complicated with adrenal nodules were chosen, and all patients underwent MSCT plain scan and enhanced scan.Features of adrenal adenomas and metastases of MSCT enhanced were analyzed.Results Forty-nine adrenal gland nodules were found in 39 patients, and 35 adrenal metastasis were found in 25 patients.They were shown quasi-circular, oval or irregular shaped nodules.The average diameter was (2.6 ± 0.7) cm.Part of them were uneven density, and the CT value of the solid part was (32.8 ± 6.1) Hu.The solid part of tumor in enhancement scanning arterial phase was underwent mild to moderate strengthening, and the CT value was (49.5 ±6.9)Hu.The solid part of tumor was underwent further strengthen scanning in the venous phase, and the CT value was (74.9 ±8.0)Hu.The average CT value of solid part in after 3 min scanning tumor was (72.4 ± 7.6) Hu.Fourteen adrenal adenomas were found in 14 patients.CT value was (19.6 ± 4.5) Hu, and tumor diameter was (1.8 ± 0.4) cm.Enhanced scanning the tumors showed mild to moderate homogeneous enhancement in arterial phase, the CT value was (43.8 ± 8.1) Hu.Venous phase enhanced obviously, the average of CT value was (67.7 ±9.2)Hu.The strong degree in the delay period was decreased significantly, the average value of CT was (55.9 ± 8.8) Hu.The adrenal metastasis tumor diameter (t =4.006, P ＜ 0.001), CT value of plain scan (t =7.320, P ＜ 0.001), CT value of arterial phase enhanced scan (t =2.486, P =0.017) , venous phase enhanced scan (t =2.727, P =0.009) and CT value of the delay period (t =6.653, P ＜ 0.001) were higher than those in adrenal adenoma.Conclusion Enhanced MSCT scan can reflect the hemodynamic changes of adrenal lesions, and provide the bases for the differential diagnosis of enhanced MSCT scan on adrenal adenoma and metastases in patients with malignant tumor.

From an aqueous extract of Lonicera japonica flower buds, sixteen compounds were isolated by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over macroporous resin, MCI gel, silica gel, and sephadex LH-20 and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis as 6'-O-acetylvogeloside (1), 6'-O-acetylsecoxyloganin (2), dichlorogelignate (3), guanosinyl-(3' --> 5')-adenosine monophosphate(GpA,4) , 5'-O-methyladenosine (5), 2'-O-methyladenosine (6), adenosine (7), syringin (8), methyl 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl caffeate (9), (-)-dihydrophaseic acid 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), ketologanin (11), 7α-morroniside (12), 7β-morroniside (13), kingiside (14), cryptochlorogenic acid methyl ester (15), and 6-hydroxymethyl-3-pyridinol (16). All the compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time, compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds, 3 and 5 are new natural products, and 4 is the first example of dinucleoside monophosphate isolated from a plant extract.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Lonicera ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a simple biological labora-tory animal, with similar biological structure and physiological functions to mammals. Almost transparent embryos, in vitro de-velopment of embryos and up to 87% of human genetic similari- ties enable a wide application of zebrafish in the field of pharma-ceutical research. In this paper, we have studied the application of zebrafish in drug metabolism, the research of Chinese medi-cine, the evaluation of drug toxicology and safety, the screening of drugs and the discovery of new drugs, the research of regener- ative drugs, so as to provide new ideas of zebrafish in the field of pharmacy.

Objective To knockout Rag2 and IL2rg genes and construct severe combined immunodeficiency mice based on CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Method Design and synthesis of 25 bp sgRNA were made according to the Rag2 and IL2rg sequences in Genbank. After annealing, sgRNA was cloned into pX330 vector. Recombination plasmid Rag2?sgRNA, IL2rg?sgRN and Cas9 were then transcribed into RNA, these RNA were microinjected into zygotes and the zygotes were transplanted into recipient ICR mice. F0 founders were born and mutated F0 founders mated with wild type mice to obtain F1 generation heterozygous mice. Mutated F1 mice were crossed and got F2 generation homozygous mice. Genotype and phenotype of the knockout mice were identified by sequencing, flow cytometry and xenograft model. Results Rag2?sgRNA and IL2rg?sgRNA recombination plasmids were constructed and transcribed into RNA. After microinjection and mat? ing, F0 founders were born and F2 homozygous mice were obtained. The results of sequencing showed that there were two types of genotype in IL2rg gene, 10 bp or 11 bp deletion;however, there was only one genotype in Rag2 gene, which was 8 bp deletion. Compared with wild?type BALB/c mice, the number of CD3 +, B220 + and NKp46 + cells in peripheral blood of the knockout mice was reduced significantly. After inoculation of human breast cancer cell line SKBR?2HL cells, tumor size in the xenograft mouse model was increased gradually along with time extension. Conclusion CRISPR/Cas9 is an efficient way to mutate Rag2 and IL2rg gene in mice in vivo, leading to aberrant T cells, B cells and NK cells.

Objective: To assess changes of liver function in HIV-positive children with/without HBV/HCV co-infection after 1 year of highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HARRT ) . Methods: Seventy-eight pediatric AIDS patients with HBV/HCV co-infection,19 pediatric AIDS patients with HBV co-infection and 44 pediatric AIDS patients without HBV/HCV co-infection who received HAART at least for 1 year were enrolled .HIV-1 viral load was quantitatively detected using a standardized reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay , and blood cells were determined by three-color flow cytometry . Anti-HCV antibody and HBsAg was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent technique , and ALT, AST and TBIL were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer .Results: After 1 year-HAART, the viral load was decreased to the lowest limit of detection in 90 .34% patients ( t=2 .61 , P<0 .01 ) , and CD4 +T cell counts were increased from 170 .187 ±132 .405/μl to 796 .014 ± 158 .491/μl ( t=3 .17 , P<0 .01 ) .The levels of ALT and AST were elevated ( t=2 .02 , P <0 .05 ) , while the ALT and AST levels in patients receiving nevirapine (NVP) based HAART increased from 18.28 ±13.74 U/L and 24.23 ±8.09 U/L to 55.35 ±22.40 U/L and 69.97 ±26.72 U/L, respectively(t=3.80,t=4.11;Ps<0 .01 ) .The increment of ALT and AST in NVP based HAART were significantly higher than that in the efavirenz based HAART (ALT:46.28 ±13.35 U/L vs 37.70 ±15.25 U/L and AST:19.53 ±7.23 U/L vs 1.25 ±0.21 U/L, respectively; t=4.53, t=5 .79;Ps<0 .01 ) , particularly in patients co-infected with HIV/HBV/HCV ( ALT:54 .32 ±22 .85 U/L vs 16 .89 ±14 .42 U/L and AST:41 .71 ±19 .26 U/L vs -3 .44 ±15.59 U/L, respectively; t=3.42, t=2.98, Ps<0.01).Conclusion: HARRT can repress HIV-1 replication effectively , but it also cause the damage of liver function , especially in patients with HBV and/or HCV co-infection.