Objective To evaluate the preoperative diagnosis and treatment of primary non-specific ureteritis,and to better understand this disease.Methods Three cases of primary non-specific ureteritis (1 man and 2 women)were reported.Their age was 28,38,68 years,respectively.One ease was found to have hydronephrosis on B-ultrasound at physical examination with no symptoms,and 2 had abdominal pain. The lesions were detected in lower part of the ureter in 2 cases,and in middle in I.The patients were diag- nosed preoperatively with combined use of MRU and ureteroscopy.Partial resection of the diseased part of the ureter was performed in all the cases.Results Pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of non-spe- cific ureteritis.Microscopy showed necrotic tissue and inflammatory cell infiltration of ureteral mucosa,dilated and congested blood vessels,hypertrophic muscular layer,and proliferation of fibrous tissue.During the fol- low-up of 2 years,the patients had no symptoms and were free from hydronephrosis.Conclusions The eti- ology of primary non-specific ureteritis is unclear,and no typical symptoms can be found clinically.Combined use of MRU and ureteroscopy is helpful for definite diagnosis of the disease.Partial resection of the diseased part of the ureter has good results.

Objective To explore the characteristics of calf muscle movement of the normal volunteer in vivo by velocity encoded phase contrast MRI (VE-PC MRI ).MethodsTwenty four healthy subjects were divided into the young group (30-40 years) and the elderly group (60—78 years).All subjects were positioned on the scanner table and did ankles flexion-extension voluntary movement,the moving images of tibialis anterior muscles (TA),medial gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus muscle (SOL)on the left were scanned with VE-PC MRI.The calf muscles contraction velocity were analyzed by software.The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of calf muscles contraction velocity in vivo between the young group and the elderly group. Results During cyclic ankle flexion-extension,dorsiflexion phase (1—10 phases)in the two groups,TA showed concentric contraction,plantar flexion phase (11—20 phases),MG and SOL did concentric contraction. At 3-6 phases during dorsiflexion,velocity of TA (M value:-37.66,-53.00, -60.66, -56.00 mm/s) in the young group is higher than in the elderly group (M-value:- 30.33, - 42.49, - 53.00, - 48.67 mm/s),at 13—15 phases during plantar flexion,velocity of MG (M-value:- 47.66, - 60.00, - 66.33 mm/s) in the young group showed higher velocity than in the elderly group (M-value:-25.17,-37.99,-50.98 mm/s),at 12—14 phases during plantarflexion,SOL showed higher velocity in the young group (M-value:-27.21, -40.10, -49.13 mm/s) than in the elderly group (M-value:- 20.66,- 29.61,- 37.16 mm/s) ( all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions During active ankle cyclic flexion-extension movement,velocity of TA,MG and SOL in the elderly group are decreased as compared to the young group. VE-PC MRI can reflect biomechanical characteristics of calf muscle in vivo,and provide a new kind of measurement for lower extremities.

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological features of eosinophilic diseases with cardiac involvement Methods We analyzed the clinical and cardiac pathological data of 7 patients with eosinophilic diseases with cardiac involvement under endomyocardial biopsy or autopsy.Results Seven patients (5 male, average age 51 years) were enrolled.Four patients were diagnosed as idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome and three were Churg-Strauss syndrome.Peripheral blood eosinophila count increased significantly in all patients.Cardiac involvement included angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart failure, presyncope and sudden death.Electrocardiogram showed cardiac ischemia, bundle branch block and third degree atrioventricular block.Echocardiography suggested ventricular and atrial enlargement, decreased ventricular systolic function, pulmonary hypertension, valvular prolapse and insufficiency and endocarditis.Pathology displayed infiltration of eosinophils, formation of granulomata, necrotizing vasculitis, myocardial necrosis and endomyocardial fibrosis in heart.Coronary artery could be also affected and led to myocardial infarction.Conclusions Cardiovascular complications of eocinophilic diseases are a major source of morbidity and mortality in these disorders.The manifestations are multiple and early recognition and treatment with steroid and immunosuppressant can improve prognosis.

Objective To assess the effects of rehabilitation training on lower extremity muscle function in stroke patients using velocity-encoded phase-contrast MRI ( VE-PC MRI). Methods Twenty-nine stroke patients at the convalescence stage were divided into a treatment group (14 cases) and a control group (13 cases).The subjects performed calf muscles stretches supine in a scanner bed with voluntary ankle flexion-extension movements.Imaging data were collected from the tibialis anterior muscle (TA),the medial head of the gastrocnemius (MG) and the soleus muscle (SOL) of the affected side.The treatment group also underwent rehabilitation including treadmill training,while the control group received only walking training without the treadmill.Barthel index (BI) and Berg balance scale (BBS) scores were measured after rehabilitation. Results Compared with baseline,the contraction velocity of the TA (phases 2 to 7),the MG (phases 12 to 18 ) and the SOL (phases 13 to 16) on the affected side increased significantly in the treatment group.In the control group,the contraction velocity of the calf muscles on the affected side improved,but fewer phases were significant-for the TA phase 4,for the MG phases 13 to 15 and for the SOL phase 15.In both groups,BBS and BI scores improved significantly compared with baseline.The average improvement in the treatment group was significantly greater than that in the control group. Conclusions Rehabilitation including treadmill training can improve calf muscle contraction function on stroke patients' affected side,and also their ADL performance and balance.VE-PC MR1 can provide quantitative in vivo measurements of the contraction function of stroke patients' calf muscles.

Purpose: To study the function of surrounding acupuncture located by cranial MRI on apoplexy. Method: Forty cases of the patients diagnosed as cerebral infarction were divided into the group of surrounding acupuncture by MRI location and the group of traditional scalp acupuncture, 20 cases in each group,and were treated respectively with surrounding acupunc -ture by MRI location and traditional scalp acupuncture,to determine the indexes of blood rheology before and after treatments. Results: There was significant diffe -fence (P＜0.01) in comparison of various indexes in blood rheology between the apoplectic patients and healthy adults of same age. In comparison before and after the treatments in the group of surrounding acupunc -ture by MRI location there was significant difference (P＜0.01) in various indexes of blood rheology, except ESR and ESR equation K value. In comparison before and after the treatments in the group of traditional scalp acupuncture, there was significant difference (P＜0.05) in various indexes of blood rheology, except ESR, sclerosis index and ESR equation K value. Conclusion: The findings indicate that blood becomes thick and flows slowly and resistance increases in blood flow in the apoplectic patients. The two kinds of the needling techniques have an improving function in various indexes of blood rheology in the apoplectic patients and surrounding acupuncture by MRI location was better than traditional scalp acupuncture in improving blood rheology.

Objective To report clinical study of diabetic foot with microsurgical treatment.Methods 32 cases basing on physical treatment underwent operation which included reconstruction of vessel under DSA and flap transfer and relaxation of nerves.Results 8 eases were examined with DSA after operation,it showed that the bypass grafts were unobstructed and the distal blood were improved;All flap were lively. Conclusion The ulcer of the patients with diabetic foot was closed early and the blood supply of the limb have been reconstructed by microsurgical treatment,it can not only avoid amputation or lower the limb amputation level,but also improve the life quality of patients and obtain social benefit.

Objective To investigate a new surgical method by using pectoralis minor muscle for its partial transplantation to reconstruct the function of the opposite thumb anastomosed vessels and nerves. Methods The proposed method was evaluated by taking 20 cases of adult cadaveric thoraxes and hands,then compared with the morphology and dimension of both pectoralis minor muscle and palmer muscle to study the feasibility of the new method.Based on the observed data.We selected five suitable cases,in which the opposi- tion function was lost,and then applied the new operation on them with partial transplantation of pectoralis mi- nor muscle anastomosed vessels and nerves according to the results of anatomic study.The follow-up study was conducted to observe the functional recovery of opposition of the thumb.Results The main results can be summarized as follows.First,the anatomical position of pectoralis minor muscle was stable,and every peetoralis minor muscle was provided with self-sustaining artery,vein and nerve.The oppostition process of cadaveric hand succeeded after similar transplantation to clinic operation.Second,follow-up studies conducted 6 - 12 months after the operation showed that all five patients recovered fully.The muscle strength in all five cases re- covered to level four or higher.The shape of palm eminence was satisfactory.Conclusion The surgical method of pectoralis minor muscle transplantation for reconstructing the opposition function of the thumb was based on the clinical and anatomical application.The function of opposition of the thumb reached the satisfacto- ry requirement after the operation.So,the new surgical method can achieve better results than other existing operation methods.

In order to understand the clinical characteristics of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in real world and provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment, this study analyzed informations of patient with CHD in hospital information system. Data from 17 national hospitals were collected. Select patients with coronaryheart disease in diagnosis of the first place in 17 hospitals, general informations and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome, complications, medicine were analyzed using frequency method and association rules. This study included 84 697 patients with CHD, the majority of men and in the elderly. The average age of patients was 71 years. The proportion of men to women was about 1. 45: 1. Hospital stay time ranged from 8 to 14 d. The most common total hospitalization cost distribution was 5 000-20 000 RMB. Young patients have a rising trend year by year. The death of patients increased with increasing age. Common complications were hypertension, diabetes, cerebral infarction and hyperlipidemia, 57.24 percent of the CHD patient complicated with hypertension, 21.94 percent patients complicated with diabetes. Among TCM syndrome types, Qi-Yin deficiency and qi deficiency blood stasis were the most common syndromes. Blood stasis was the highest syndrome elements, accounted for 79.97%, followed by Qi deficiency, phlegm, Yin deficiency, and so on. The most common western medicine was aspirin, followed with isosorbide dinitrate, clopidogrel. The most common used traditional Chinese medicine was danhong injection, followed by shuxuetong injection. Combined with removing blood stasis drugs has been more common at present clinical treatment, there were 43.46 percent of patients combined with anti-platelet western drug and injection of removing blood stasis.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aspirin ; therapeutic use ; Coronary Disease ; complications ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Isosorbide Dinitrate ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Ticlopidine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo know their real epidemiological histories in 1,091 probale cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) without definite history of contact with SARS patients in the first survey.

METHODSAll the probable SARS cases until June 9, 2003 without definite history of contact with SARS patients in the first epidemiological survey were included in a re-survey with questionnaire. The second survey was carried out during June 9 to 30, 2003.

RESULTSThe results showed that history of contact with other SARS patients was obtained in 15.9% of 1 091 probale SRAS cases in the second survey, transmission of SARS to others was found in 10.5% of them, and source of infection in hospital was found in 46.5%. Comprehensive judgement based on epidemiological history showed that probale history of contact with SARS patients could be found in 72.9% of 1,091 probale cases of SARS in the second survey.

CONCLUSIONSource of infection could be found through additional survey in part of probale cases of SARS without it in initial epidemiological survey.

China ; epidemiology ; Contact Tracing ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVEHaemophilus (H.) influenzae is a gram-negative bacillus that is a common commensal organism of the human upper respiratory tract and an important cause of human diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, septicemia, epiglottitis and cellulitis. Strains of H. influenzae are classified according to their capsular polysaccharide. There are six serotypes, designated as a through f. In addition, there are nonencapsulated strains. Although the type of infectious diseases caused by H. influenzae has changed considerably in recent years because of the widespread and routine immunization of children against type b H. influenzae (Hib), Hib remains an important pathogen. Ampicillin is the drug of choice for treating many infections caused by H. influenzae, but its usefulness has been compromised by the increasing prevalence of ampicillin-resistant strains. The continued monitoring of resistant strains by using genotyping methods may provide insights into the epidemiology of transmission. A molecular epidemiological study of ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae derived from nasopharyngeal swabs specimens of children less than 5 years of age with respiratory tract infection were investigated in this study.

METHODSA total of 899 isolates were collected from Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou during 2000-2003. Susceptibility to ampicillin was determined by using E-test. Ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae strains were selected according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) 2002 breakpoints. Nested PCR method with primers specific for bexA gene and b capsulate type-specific gene was established. Genotyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multiplex PCR assay was performed for all ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae strains.

RESULTSSeventy-four ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae strains were obtained. Two strains were positive by nested PCR, characterized as b genotype. The incidence of Hib in ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae strains was 2.7%; 38 genotypes were detected by PFGE. Detection of five types strains of clonal dissemination by PFGE accounted for 55.4% in all ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae strains. Among them eighteen H. influenzae strains belonged to one type, accounted for 24.3% in all ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae strains. Thirty one genotypes were identified by multiplex PCR assay for ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae. The identity ratio of PFGE and multiplex PCR was 63.5%.

CONCLUSIONIn Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou areas 55.4% of ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae strains had clonal dissemination during the 4 years.

Ampicillin Resistance ; genetics ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; genetics ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Genotype ; Haemophilus Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Haemophilus influenzae ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Nasopharynx ; microbiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; microbiology